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Schwarzenau Brethren: more detail

Religious Organizations Established in 1708: Church of the Brethren, Newington Green Unitarian Church, Schwarzenau Brethren
Christian Groups With Universalist Beliefs: Schwarzenau Brethren, Universalist Church of America, Philadelphians, Primitive Baptist Universalist
Church of the Brethren: Christian denomination, Schwarzenau Brethren, Alexander Mack, Radical Pietism, Anabaptist, Protestant Reformation, Church (building), ... Nonresistance, Pacifism, Believer's baptism
The time so urgent: A chancel drama : the story of Alexander Mack and the founding of the Brethren (Schwarzenau, Germany, 1708) by Vernard Eller, 1958
Origin of the Schwarzenau Brethren by Marcus Meier, 2008-06-30
Schwarzenau yesterday and today,: Where the Brethren began in Europe by Lawrence W Shultz, 1954
SCHWARZENAU YESTERDAY AND TODAY Where the Brethren Began in Europe: Told in Picture and Story by Lawrence W. Shultz, 1954

lists with details

Gigablast Search Results
Official web site for six national Church of the brethren organizations. denomination founded in schwarzenau, Germany, in 1708, as well as an index with
http://dir.gigablast.com/Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Christianity/Denomina
Brethern, Schwenkfelders And Other Plain People
The brethren, or Dunkards, are the last important group of plain people, was founded the Church of the brethren in 1708 in the town of schwarzenau on
http://www.horseshoe.cc/pennadutch/religion/brethern/brethkle.htm

Extractions: Brethern, Schwenkfelders and Other Plain People Last Update: This new religion immediately attracted much attention and soon began to make converts. Since many of the early Brethren had been members of the Reformed Church, this older Protestant church was bitter and resorted to persecution to stamp out the new sect. Many of the Brethren fled to Krefeld on the lower Rhine; but hearing of the religious freedom of Penn's new colony, twenty families consistipg of one hundred and twenty people set sail for America. Arriving in Philadelphia in 1719, they settled in Gennantown. On Christmas Day, 1723, the first congregation was organized with seventeen members who had been baptized in Gennany and six converts baptized that day in the Wissahickon. At this first baptismal service in America they had to break the ice on the creek before the new members could be baptized. After the ceremony they held their first love feast and communion at the home of Johannes Gumre, one of their members. The following year a second congregation was fonned at Coventry and a third at Conestoga. In 1729 their leader, Alexander Mack, came to America, bringing with him most of the other Brethren. As the few who were left in Europe returned to the Refonned Church, the whole church may be said to have been transferred to Pennsylvania.
Wittgenstein Genealogy Home Page
The best known of the latter lived at the village of schwarzenau before moving The serious researcher must join the Fellowship of brethren Genealogists.
http://www.riedesel.org/wittpage.html

Extractions: Contents General Information Introduction. The twin counties of Wittgenstein existed as a distinct geographic/political area from the age of Charlemagne until 1975. At this time, it was merged with the neighboring region of Siegen to form the political unit or Kreis called Siegen-Wittgenstein. Wittgenstein (and we will speak of it as a single area) has had a clear identity and virtually the same boundaries since the 1600s, to the great benefit of the researcher. To confuse matters, the ruling families took the name Sayn-Wittgenstein with a further distinction between the Counts of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg and Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein (based in Laasphe). Geographically, Wittgenstein lies at the southern tip of the Sauerland in west central Germany. The mountains are called the Rothaargebirge , or "red-hair mountains." The present area is about 188 square miles with a 1994 population of 45,000. It is one of the most-densely wooded area of Germany. At its north is Kahler Asten, the tallest peak in central Germany with a height of 2759 feet.
German Baptist Brethren Pages
The German Baptist brethren (Dunkers/Tunkers) started in 1708 under Rev.Alexander Mack in schwarzenau in West Germany. schwarzenau is in the state of North
http://members.fortunecity.com/jgreen/Brethren.html
Brethren: A Precious Name
One publication even made light of the Church of the brethren name, Other groupsdescended from schwarzenau, including the Old German Baptist brethren,
http://www.brfwitness.org/Articles/2002v37n2.htm

Extractions: Volume 37, Number 2 Two years ago, a committee that was appointed by Annual Conference to review the structure of the General Board, decided to send out a questionnaire to church leaders across the denomination. Among the many questions on the survey, was one asking for their level of interest in changing the name of the Church of the Brethren. In all the responses, there were only a very few who marked that issue as being an item of major concern. We on the committee concluded that the matter of denominational name change, for all practical purposes, was a "nonissue." A few people have been trying to stir up interest in this item, but with limited success. During past Annual Conferences those persons have tried to collect possible new names to be used instead of "Church of the Brethren." One of their problems is that to date no suggestion for a new name has really caught on with wide acceptance. We should expect that some will try to keep this matter alive as we move toward the 300th Anniversary of our denomination in the year 2008. Don't be surprised if an even more concerted effort to do something about the name change, will unfold over the next few years. There would be a fairly major legal expense attached to changing the name of every congregation and agency of the church. Would this be a good use of the Lord's money? The name change issue could very well cause some people (and entire congregations) to leave the denomination. Do we want to see this happen? It may cause others to be so disappointed over the issue that their level of support will be diminished. Do we want giving to the church to decline?
New Testament Baptism
the Church of the brethren began in August 1708 in schwarzenau, Germany.Alexander Mack, the first minister of the brethren, wrote in the first brethren
http://www.brfwitness.org/Articles/2003v38n2.htm

Extractions: Volume 38, Number 2 In 1708 Alexander Mack and seven others gathered on the banks of the Eder River in Schwarzenau, Germany, to begin a new fellowship of believers in Jesus Christ. This group had covenanted together to follow and obey the teachings of the New Testament, and to put aside their previous denominational affiliations. The public means of this covenant was baptism. The eight persons at Schwarzenau had all received baptism by sprinkling when they were babies. However, as they studied the New Testament, they found no instance-explicit or implicitthat babies were baptized anywhere in New Testament times. Baptism was administered to believers in Jesus Christ. Only those who trusted Christ for salvation and made public acknowledgment of their faith were baptized. Early Brethren also studied church history and practice, and determined that most indicators pointed to the practice of baptism by immersing a believer three times under the water. This reflected both the literal meaning of the Greek word for baptism and the involvement of the TrinityFather, Son, and Holy Spirit -in the work of salvation. So the original eight agreed together to be baptized in such a fashion, and begin together in their renewed understandings of Christian doctrine. While Alexander Mack was clearly the leader of this group, he desired that they should not be identified by a man's name (as a number of other groups were known). So Mack was baptized by another. One of the others was chosen by lot (drawing on the New Testament practice found in Acts 1, where the early Church selected a replacement for Judas by lot). The one chosen, administered baptism by trine immersion to Mack, and then Mack baptized the other seven.
OpinionJournal - Taste
Founded in the German village of schwarzenau in 1708, the brethren began as asmall band of Pietists hoping to recreate the primitive faith of the early
http://www.opinionjournal.com/taste/?id=95000916
Heritage
In 1708, in the Village of schwarzenau, Germany, eight souls met on the Eder River . In Donald F. Durnbaugh s book, European Origins of the brethren,
http://www.bright.net/~cob1/herit.htm

Extractions: BRETHREN HERITAGE Brethren Beliefs In a climate of centuries of religious turmoil in Europe, and especially Germany, Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses to the Cathedral door in 1517. What followed were many reactions one of which resulted in the Protestant Reformation. Emerging from this turmoil were the three State Churches: Roman Catholic, Lutheran, and Calvanists. A fourth group was the Waldensians, a common people who first appeared in the 14 th century. During the 16th century, a group emerged from the Waldensians and lived in fear of persecution in Moravia. These people, known as the Moravins. The Moravians later came to America where they had a settlement in Zoar, Ohio (in the northeastern part of the state). In the 16th century, the Hutterites arose from the Anabaptist group in Moravia, Slovakia, and Transylvania. After 100 years, they fled to Russian Ukraine for religious freedom, where they lived for 100 years, then moved to America and Canada in the 1870's. In the early 16th century, the Reverend Monsignor Menno Simons, a Catholic Priest, became disturbed by the slaughter of Protestant "heretics" and began to preach according to his conscience. His followers became known as Mennonites.
The Germans Come To North America
Swiss brethren Settlements in America. Most of the Swiss brethren passed baptized each other by immersion in the river near schwarzenau, Germany.
http://www.anabaptists.org/history/ss8001.html

Extractions: The following material is excerpted from the eighth grade social studies course produced by Christian Light Publications Motives for German Migration. Over 100,000 Germans migrated to the English colonies in North America. Most of them settled in Pennsylvania. Others settled in New York, Maryland, Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia. They formed the largest non-English-speaking community in colonial North America. Why did so many Germans migrate to North America? During the 1600s and 1700s, wars ravaged Germany. Marching armies trampled down fields of grain, stole cattle, and burned down farmsteads. In their wake, famines spread over the land. Taxes, levied to pay for the war, added to the people's plight. Religious disputes also drove people to leave their homes. In Europe the rulers chose what church they wanted in their lands. Many pious Germans of strong convictions found this hard to bear. North America, especially Pennsylvania, offered them religious freedom. The First Mennonites Come to Pennsylvania.
The Brethren Church (c) 2005
The roots of the brethren movement are to be found in Germany in the early 1700 s . In 1720 Alexander Mack led the schwarzenau group to Surhuisterveen in
http://www.brethrenchurch.org/History/Sub-History-Scroll.htm

Extractions: European Phase The roots of the Brethren movement are to be found in Germany in the early 1700's. The people who would make up the eight founding members of the Brethren, including their outstanding leader, Alexander Mack, Sr., were originally part of a movement known as Radical Pietism. This movement called people to experience a life-changing spiritual awakening and to separate themselves from the established churches, particularly the Lutheran and Reformed churches, because they were viewed as having departed from true commitment to Jesus Christ. However, Radical Pietists saw no need for external expressions of the faith such as baptism and communion. Mack and other radicals experienced opposition from the state authorities for their beliefs, and therefore sought refuge in the county of Wittgenstein in the small town of Schwarzenau. Here Mack and a small group of fellow radicals came to the conviction in 1708 that full obedience to Jesus Christ and the Word required that they observe the practices of baptism, communion, and discipline. Their act of believer baptism in 1708 founded a new Christian fellowship. Zealous evangelism of their fellow radicals, the established churches, and the Mennonites spread their faith to several other locations in Germany. But this activity also brought persecution on the Brethren from the authorities in Germany including exile, confiscation of property, imprisonment, and service as a galley slave in one case. In 1719 about twenty Brethren families, from the congregation in Krefeld, Germany, were the first Brethren to emigrate to America.
New Catholic Dictionary: Church Of Brethren; Dunkards
Formerly Conservative German Baptist brethren Church, a Protestant sect establishedas a separate church at schwarzenau, 1708, by Alexander Mack, Pietist,
http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/ncd02028.htm

Extractions: Formerly Conservative German Baptist Brethren Church , a Protestant sect established as a separate church at Schwarzenau, , by Alexander Mack, Pietist, and seven of his companions. This group were probably the first to receive trine (triple) immersion in the history of the Protestant Church. They differed from other Pietists in that they were not averse to Church organization and did not abandon ordinances which Christianity held necessary for salvation. Their doctrine, polity, and practise follow the same general line as the Quakers, Mennonites , and similar bodies, though they are entirely distinct from them. They were repressed by the state Churches of Germany , Holland, and Switzerland. Peter Becker settled in Germantown, Pennsylvania, , the rest of the Brethren following shortly afterwards. The Church of the Brethren is Orthodox Trinitarian, believing in baptism by trine forward immersion. The govenlment of the Church is almost Presbyterian. The power of discipline, including trial and excommunication, rests with the local congregation. They have three periodicals. In the United States in there were: 3,500 ministers; 1,036 churches; and 120,103 communicants. The members are most numerous in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Virginia. Foreign missionary work was carried on in
Brethren -- Encyclopædia Britannica
brethren group of Protestant churches that trace their origin to schwarzenau,Hesse, where in 1708 a group of seven persons under the leadership of
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9016376

Extractions: Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Brethren Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Brethren Brethren... (75 of 1057 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "Brethren."
Church Of The Brethren History
Some of these dissenters found refuge in the town of schwarzenau, Germany. During the 20th century the focus areas of Church of the brethren have
http://www.reformedreader.org/history/cobhistory.htm

Extractions: Brief History of the Church of the Brethren Eighteenth century Europe was a time of strong governmental control of the church and low tolerance for religious diversity. Nevertheless, there were religious dissenters who lived their faith in spite of the threat of persecution. Some of these dissenters found refuge in the town of Schwarzenau, Germany. Among them was Alexander Mack, a miller who had been influenced by both Pietism and Anabaptism. In August 1708 five men and three women gathered at the Eder River in Schwarzenau for baptism, an illegal act since all had been baptized as infants. They understood this baptism as an outward symbol of their new faith and as a commitment to living that faith in community. An anonymous member of the group first baptized Mack. He, in turn, baptized the other seven. This new group simply called themselves "brethren." Though the early Brethren shared many beliefs with other Protestants, issues which separated them from the state churches included discipleship and obedience, reinstitution of the New Testament church, church discipline, biblicism, and nonresistance. They also shared their faith enthusiastically with others, sending evangelists to other parts of Germany, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. Due to growing persecution and economic hardship, Brethren began emigrating to North America in 1719 under the leadership of Peter Becker. Most Brethren left Europe by 1740, including Mack, who brought a group over in 1729. The first congregation in the New World was organized at Germantown, Pa., in 1723. Soon after its formation, the Germantown congregation sent missionaries to rural areas around Philadelphia. These missionaries preached, baptized, and started new congregations.
Essays.cc - Beowulf
brethren a German Baptist religious group. They were popularly known as organized the first congregation in the town of schwarzenau, Germany in 1708.
http://www.essays.cc/free_essays/f4/skx6.shtml

Extractions: The rapid increase in performance of mass market commodity microprocessors and significant disparity in pricing between PCs and scientific workstations has provided an opportunity for substantial gains in performance to cost ratio by harnessing PC technology in parallel ensembles to provide high end capability for scientific applications. The Beowulf project is a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) initiative to explore the potential of Pile-Of-PCs and to develop the necessary methodologies to apply these low cost system configurations. The creation of the casual computing market now provides system designers with a new type of cost effective components in the form of fully assembled subsystems. The development of publicly available software, GNU compilers and message passing libraries, provide hardware independent software. By taking advantage of these recent hardware and software advancements, Beowulf clusters are becoming a natural evolutionary event.
The History | 125th Ashland University
The first brethren church in AmericaGermantown Pennsylvania 1719. In 1720,Alexander Mack led the schwarzenau group to Surhuisterveen in West Friesland
http://history.ashland.edu/history.asp?page=1
CrossRoads VBMHC History
Like their Mennonite friends before them, the early brethren concluded that to a safer part of Germany, to the small village of schwarzenau in Hesse.
http://www.vbmhc.org/history/stone.shtml

Extractions: Dr. Phillip C. Stone We know that Mennonites constituted one of the earliest of the reformation groups as they left the Roman Catholic Church about the same time Martin Luther was advancing the larger Protestant movement. We are also aware that other Anabaptists emerged as faith communities during the same time in the 16th Century. Not all of those were pacifists and pious people. In fact, some were so politicized and radical that they engaged in outrageous and violent conduct, particularly those associated with Jan of Leyden. The peace-loving Mennonites, however, paid dearly for their devotion to their faith. Many were executed, even more were tortured or imprisoned, eventually most of them had to flee their home countries for more secure areas. By the late 17th Century (1683), some of them had made their way into Pennsylvania where, under the protection of their fellow pacifists, the Quakers, they found their religious freedom at last. It was primarily from those Mennonites in Pennsylvania that Mennonite settlements were eventually established in Virginia in the next century (as early as 1728 near Luray). Starting in 1708, almost 200 years later than the Mennonites who began in 1525 in Europe, the Brethren also made their way to Pennsylvania. Within approximately 20 years after the group conducted its first baptism in Schwarzenau and befriended to a substantial extent by the Mennonites of the Netherlands, the Brethren joined the American Mennonites in Pennsylvania, mostly in German-town. Like the Mennonites, they also made their way to the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th Century, arriving as early as 1730.
DerKeiler Directory - /Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Christianity/Denominati
Church of the brethren, Official web site for six national Church of the brethren Includes a short history of the denomination founded in schwarzenau,
http://directory.derkeiler.com/Top/Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Christianit

Extractions: Home UNIX Linux Coding ... Brethren Church of the Brethren Sub-categories See also: Links Church of the Brethren Official web site for six national Church of the Brethren organizations. Includes a short history of the denomination founded in Schwarzenau, Germany, in 1708, as well as an index with links of denominational agencies, ministries, and initiatives. Basic Beliefs Within the Church of the Brethren Online booklet published by Brethren Revival Fellowship. Bible Helps A Church of the Brethren publishing house located in Hanover, Pennsylvania. Includes Bible helps for online reading. Brethren Press Publishing arm of the Church of the Brethren Brethren Revival Fellowship Concern movement within the Church of the Brethren, seeking to call the Church to a firm stand for the authority of the Scriptures, and to an emphasis upon the teachings of the New Testament as historically understood by the Brethren. Copy of "The Br Church of the Brethren Network Membership driven, unofficial web site of the Church of the Brethren, an ecumenical and evangelical Protestant denomination with churches in most of the fifty states and a few other countries.
Free Essays - Brethren
brethren brethren a German Baptist religious group. organized the firstcongregation in the town of schwarzenau, Germany in 1708.
http://www.freeessays.tv/d16114.htm

Extractions: Though the early Brethren shared many beliefs with other Protestants, issuers which separated them from the state churches included discipleship and obedience, reinstitution of the New Testament church, church discipline, biblicism, and nonresistance. They also shared their faith enthusiastically with others, sending evangelists to other parts of Germany, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. Due to growing persecution and economic hardship, Brethren began migrating to North America in 1719 under the leadership of Peter Becker. Most Brethren left Europe by 1740, including Mack, who br... To view the complete essay NOW: You can view download the complete version of this essay for only $8.90 . This is the final price of the essay - there is no extra hidden or fees and no price per page charges. Your purchase is 100% secure . Click on the Paypal icon below and you will have the essay instantaneously.
Wfn.org | Church Of The Brethren
From Church of the brethren News Services 1. 142000. 2. 1708 in schwarzenau,Germany. 3. Five the brethren Church, Grace brethren, Old German Baptist
http://www.wfn.org/1998/08/msg00018.html
Brethren Origin, History Of The Meyersdale COB
History of the Meyersdale Church of the brethren, Meyersdale, Among thethousands who fled, many came to schwarzenau in the Valley of the Huts upon the
http://www.meyersdale.org/churches/cob/origin.html

Extractions: Acknowledgments Our Brethren Origin Born out of chaos and religious upheaval, following the Reformation started by Martin Luther and other activists of this period, the Church of the Brethren was founded by those who studied the New Testament with great zeal and were determined to follow the true teachings of Jesus Christ as they saw them and to adhere to all the ordinances instituted by Him. The highlights were the trine baptism, the complete love feast, the practice of the simple life, and the teachings and the total observance of the Ten Commandments. In understanding the origin of the Brethren, one must have some idea of the conditions that prevailed in the German homeland in the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries. When speaking of Germany during that period, we're talking about all the German-speaking areas of modern Germany and the German-speaking people also of France and Switzerland. The religious struggle of that period was tied to the unrest and political struggles for control of the populace. There were literally hundreds of large and small principalities and territories which were controlled by noble crowned heads of state and bureaucratic rulers who made life impossible. The practice of religious freedom was nonexistent. The theory of the divine right of kings had become firmly established. These rulers felt that they were not responsible to anyone but God. And even from Him they would tolerate no dissent. All of these territories were loosely organized in what was to be known as the Holy Roman Empire. This, in theory, was to be a united Europe under one Temporal ruler and kept together by the one true church, the Roman Catholic Church.

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