Smallpox Vaccine Injury And Law Guide, 7 June 2004 On 13 Dec 2002 the White House announced its smallpox vaccination plan and the White This article discusses the medical risks of smallpox vaccination, http://biotech.law.lsu.edu/blaw/bt/smallpox/svlaw.htm
Extractions: Public Health Law Online Courses Legal Topics Search Site ... Smallpox Vaccine Injury Law Project Smallpox Vaccine Injury and Law Guide, 7 June 2004 Slides on Vaccine Liability and Compensation, Presented at the Biodefense Vaccine Symposium, , Symposium: Eliminating Legal, Regulatory, and Economic Barriers to Biodefense Vaccine Development. June 9, 2004 Baltimore, Maryland By Edward P. Richards, JD, MPH , Director, Program in Law, Science, and Public Health, Harvey A. Peltier Professor of Law, LSU Law Center, Baton Rouge, richards@lsu.edu; and Katharine C. Rathbun, MD, MPH , Ochsner Clinic Foundation, Baton Rouge. On 13 Dec 2002 the White House announced its smallpox vaccination plan and the White House Smallpox Vaccination FAQ . 500,000 military personnel were to be vaccinated immediately, and 500,000 hospital and health care workers were to follow within a few weeks. It was said that the vaccine would be available to the general public in 2004, that there were no plans to encourage universal immunization. President Bush was immunized first, and there were no reported ill effects. The military vaccinations have slowed after initial complications, and the health care community refused to participate until the liability provisions of the Homeland Security Act took effect on 24 Jan 2003.
Extractions: Smallpox Information and Resources The OVF II program started on May 1, 2003. During this stage, smallpox vaccinations will be offered to first responders (law enforcement, fire fighters, and emergency medical service personnel) as indicated in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Declaration In addition, those individuals who are part of a health response team that did not receive the vaccination during Stage I will be included in the vaccination efforts of Stage II. OVFII Fact Sheet
The First Recorded Smallpox Vaccination In 1774,some twenty years before Edward Jenner first used vaccination on a boy called James Phipps in 1796, at Berkeley in Gloucestershire, Elizabeth Jesty http://www.thedorsetpage.com/history/smallpox/smallpox.htm
Extractions: Edward Jenner is renown as the "father of smallpox vaccination". Perhaps rightly so, for he dedicated his life, money and reputation to spreading the use of vaccination. In 1774,some twenty years before Jenner first used vaccination on a boy called James Phipps in 1796, at Berkeley in Gloucestershire, a farmer's wife, together with her two sons was vaccinated by her husband at Yetminster in Dorset. In 1774 farmer, Benjamin Jesty was living in Yetminster with his pregnant wife Elizabeth, two sons, Robert and Benjamin aged three and two, and a baby also called Elizabeth. During the spring and summer of that year the highly infectious disease of smallpox raged in the area. Benjamin feared for the health of his wife and family. Having had smallpox himself as a child, he was immune to the disease. In common with many country folk, Benjamin was fully aware of the age-old tradition that people who had earlier caught the mild disease of cowpox did not catch the normally fatal disease of smallpox. At this time, the Jestys had two dairymaids, Ann Notley and Mary Reade. Both of these girls had previously had cowpox, and both had nursed family members with smallpox during the current epidemic. I was probably the fact that neither of these girls had caught the disease that decided Benjamin on his subsequent course of action. Benjamin reasoned that if dairymaids who caught cowpox accidentally were immune to smallpox, then someone who caught cowpox deliberately should be equally immune. He therefore resolved to infect his family with cowpox with a procedure that was later to become known as vaccination. The word vaccination derives directly from this connection with cowpox. Vacca is the Latin for cow.
Tell Me More About Smallpox He previously conducted studies of smallpox and other infectious diseases. After about two weeks (the incubation period of the smallpox virus), http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/mspot/arc/smallpox.html
Extractions: Help Dr. Thomas is the Head of the Program in Epidemiology at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. He previously conducted studies of smallpox and other infectious diseases. His current interests are in cancer epidemiology. Smallpox was a disease that was caused by a virus. The virus spread when an uninfected person came in direct contact with a sick person and breathed in the virus. Usually, the virus was in tiny drops that were coughed up by the sick person. After about two weeks (the incubation period of the smallpox virus), the infected person would develop a high fever and muscle aches and pains. After about three days of fever the person would break out in a rash all over his or her body. At first it looked like red spots, but these spots gradually became blisters that were about the size of a pencil eraser. After about 5 days of rash, the fluid in the clear blisters turned to pus. The more pus spots (pustules) that a person had, the more likely he or she was to die. There were two main types of smallpox virus: variola major, which killed about 20 percent of the people who were infected; and variola minor, which killed about 2 percent of its victims. If a person did not die, the pus gradually dried up to form scabs that dropped off after 1 or 2 weeks. The pustules on the face often left permanent scars known as pockmarks.
War On Terrorism - Bioterrorism - Smallpox The World Health Organization (WHO) declared smallpox eradicated in the wild in 1980. smallpox is caused by variola virus. The incubation period is about 12 http://www.pdhealth.mil/wot/smallpox.asp
Extractions: Biological Warfare Smallpox The World Health Organization (WHO) declared smallpox eradicated in the wild in 1980. Smallpox is caused by variola virus. The incubation period is about 12 days (range: 7 to 17 days) following exposure. Initial symptoms include high fever, fatigue, and headache and back pain. A characteristic rash, most prominent on the mouth, face, and forearms, spreading to the trunk and legs, follows in 2-3 days. The rash starts with flat red lesions that evolve at the same rate. Lesions become pus-filled and begin to crust early in the second week. Scabs develop and then separate and fall off after about 3-4 weeks, leaving scars on the face. The majority of patients with smallpox recover, but death occurs in up to 30% of cases. Smallpox is spread from one person to another by infected saliva droplets that expose a susceptible person having face-to-face contact with the ill person. Persons with smallpox are most infectious during the first week of illness, because that is when the largest amount of virus is present in saliva. However, some risk of transmission lasts until all scabs have fallen off. Bedding or clothing from an infected person can also transmit viruses. Routine vaccination of civilians against smallpox ended when the variola virus was eradicated except for small samples kept for scientific research. The level of immunity, if any, among persons who were vaccinated is uncertain. Therefore, these persons are assumed to be susceptible.
Extractions: CNN White House Correspondent CRAWFORD, Texas (CNN) The Bush administration will retain U.S. stockpiles of the smallpox virus for continued research to deal with a potential attack of a new, weaponized form of the virus, CNN has confirmed. The virus stockpile is under the control of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and kept at an undisclosed location. The administration's move reverses a course set two decades ago to eradicate the smallpox virus. The official said the threat of bio-terrorism requires the country to retain the virus stockpiles to prepare for a potential smallpox attack. "This move is a recognition that it's a different climate, a different world," the official said. "Some country could be glad that we have this virus. As you weaponize this stuff, we may have to develop new vaccines to deal with it." The U.S. and Russia have the only known and confirmed stocks of the smallpox virus. But the official said there are concerns that some of Russia's stocks "somehow got loose" and may have fallen into the hands of Iraq, North Korea or a terrorist group such as Al Qaeda.
Small Pox He is referred to as the father of smallpox vaccination. Transmission of smallpox occurs mainly from person to person. This can happen in three ways http://www.goshen.edu/bio/Biol206/Biol206LabProject/smallpox/Smallpox.html
Extractions: Small pox Introduction and history Small pox is a highly contagious human disease caused by the virus variola. There are two strains of the virus: variola major, which is more severe (20-40% mortality rate) and variola minor (1% mortality rate). Since a virus causes the disease, there is no treatment, but a vaccine can protect against the disease. The earliest forms of vaccination was innoculation, which entailed taking fluid from the lesions of an infected person and injected the fluid into an unifected person. This was shown to be effective because when the innoculated people were later exposed to the samllpox virus their symptoms were mild compared to an uninnoculted person.Edward Jenner, a physician is well known for innoculating children who were later exposed to the virus and they did not get infected. He is referred to as the father of smallpox vaccination. The disease is about three thousand years old, and was first discovered in China, and then India. It first appeared in Europe in the 6th century, and it was the most serious infection in the 16th and 17th centuries. Small pox was introduced to the Americas by Europeans and exposure to the disease killed about 3.5 million native inhabitants. Mortality rates varied regionally with Europe having a 10% mortality rate and 90% in America. The low mortality in Europe may have been a result of high resistance that occurred after exposure to the disease. The disease has killed about 100 million people and twice the number have been scarred or blinded.
Extractions: Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 SWIFTWATER, Pennsylvania (CNN) The drug company Aventis Pasteur will donate to the U.S. government the estimated 85 million to 90 million doses of smallpox vaccine that had been in storage since routine smallpox vaccination ended in 1972, it was announced Friday. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson said a formal agreement had not yet been signed, pending the results of testing to determine the vaccine is safe and effective. "This will bolster our emergency smallpox stockpile, provide an extra layer of protection for all Americans in the event of a smallpox outbreak and strengthen our safety net in the event of a biological attack," Thompson said. EXTRA INFORMATION Smallpox Basics He said scientists have been "extremely encouraged by the initial results" of tests on the vaccine, and called the additional vaccines an "insurance policy" until more vaccines are made.
Extractions: International Edition MEMBER SERVICES The Web CNN.com Home Page World U.S. Weather ... Autos SERVICES Video E-mail Newsletters Your E-mail Alerts RSS ... Contact Us SEARCH Web CNN.com Bush said he will also be getting the smallpox vaccine. Story Tools VIDEO CNN's Elizabeth Cohen on the medical debate over smallpox vaccinations (December 12)
Extractions: PLAY VIDEO RELATED The vaccine who will get it and what are the risks? What is smallpox and how does it spread? The new worry? Smallpox Smallpox, anthrax: What could happen ... Vaccinated people can transmit vaccinia virus WASHINGTON (CNN) President Bush is expected to announce a plan in the next few weeks to protect 500,000 health workers by vaccinating them against smallpox, an administration source said. Under the White House plan, that program will be followed by a second wave of vaccinations for 7 million to 10 million more health workers, firefighters, police and first responders. The vaccine also would be made available to the public, through voluntary participation in clinical trials, but the government would not recommend that anyone besides health workers and first responders take the vaccine, the official said.
Washingtonpost.com: Smallpox A container of smallpox vaccine in 1947. Routine vaccination ceased around the world after the disease was officially declared eradicated in 1979. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/health/conditioncenter/smallpox/
Smallpox: Historical Review Of A Potential Bioterrorist Tool Mandatory vaccination of school children against smallpox ended in 1972 in the United Because the last outbreak of smallpox in the United States was in http://www.jyi.org/volumes/volume6/issue3/features/bourzac.html
Extractions: I n the wake of the October anthrax mailings, America has become attuned to the possibility of terrorists unleashing smallpox on the United States. Unlike anthrax, smallpox is highly contagious and difficult to contain. Although smallpox was eradicated from the United States in 1949 and officially eradicated worldwide in 1980, Americans are currently very vulnerable to the disease, which might spread rapidly throughout the United States - and to other countries - upon release. Mandatory vaccination of school children against smallpox ended in 1972 in the United States. Because the last outbreak of smallpox in the United States was in February 1949, by 1972 the risk of vaccine complications far outweighed the risk of smallpox infection. An estimated 120 million Americans - about half the population - have never been vaccinated and have no immunity to the disease. Those who have been vaccinated have not had a booster shot in decades; their immunity has waned, although no one knows by what factor and how susceptible to smallpox they may be.
Smallpox Facts Panhandle Health District, Idaho Public Health District 1 provides public services to the residents of Idaho s five northern counties, Benewah, Bonner, http://www2.state.id.us/phd1/php_smallpox-facts.html
Extractions: from the world in 1977. Cause of Smallpox: Smallpox is caused by variola virus. The incubation period is about 12 days (range: 7 to 17 days) following exposure. Initial symptoms include high fever, fatigue, and head and backaches. A characteristic rash, most prominent on the face, arms, and legs, follows in 2-3 days. The rash starts with flat red lesions that evolve at the same rate. Lesions become pus-filled and begin to crust early in the second week. Scabs develop and then separate and fall off after about 3-4 weeks. The majority of patients with smallpox recover, but death occurs in up to 30% of cases. Spread of Smallpox: Smallpox is spread from one person to another by infected saliva droplets that expose a susceptible person having face-to-face contact with the ill person. Persons with smallpox are most infectious during the first week of illness, because that is when the largest amount of virus is present in saliva. However, some risk of transmission lasts until all scabs have fallen off. Vaccination: Routine vaccination against smallpox ended in 1972. The level of immunity, if any, among persons who were vaccinated before 1972 is uncertain; therefore, these persons are assumed to be susceptible. Vaccination against smallpox is not recommended to prevent the disease in the general public and therefore is not available. In the absence of a confirmed case of smallpox anywhere in the world, there is no need to be vaccinated against smallpox. There can be severe side effects to the smallpox vaccine, which is another reason to not recommend vaccination.
History Of Smallpox smallpox has plagued the Earth for longer than people think. The first complete medical report on smallpox, Treatise on smallpox and Measles, http://www.wfu.edu/users/turnaw2/smallpoxhistory.htm
Extractions: Before Edward Jenner, there were numerous attempts to cure, treat, and ease the symptoms of smallpox. The first complete medical report on smallpox, Treatise on Smallpox and Measles, was written by Rhazes, a man born around 865 A.D. in the Persian city of Rai (3). While most of his treatments for smallpox are not completely understood - in the sense, "how did he come to the conclusion that that would help" - but his treatment for fever was unique compared to what would come later. He told his patients to drink cold water, chilled by snow, in the attempt to make them sweat to release surplus humors (3). The cold probably did provide some relief of the fever. His practice is compared mostly to what was done in Europe when smallpox reached that area. In England, those sick would be placed under heavy blankets with a fire burning in the room, and no windows could be opened (3). It was only later discovered through a mistake that the cold could help the disease. The most practiced treatment in the later centuries though was variolation, a primitive form of vaccination. The practice of variolation was brought to England by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, the wife of an ambassador, who observed its use in Constantinople and wrote to her doctor about the practice (3). It consisted of taking some of the scab material from a person who was sick with a mild strain and deliberately infecting another, giving them the disease while hoping that they would not die. It was hard, however, to identify a mild strain and many people died anyway (4).
Extractions: ATLANTA, Georgia (CNN) A government advisory panel decided Thursday not to reinstate widespread smallpox vaccination, yet the equivalent of the population of a small town will be eligible for inoculation against the disease. An estimated 10,000 to 15,000 people could receive the vaccine, agreed the Centers for Disease Control's Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices. Included in the group are those who would be on the front lines in treating smallpox should there ever be an outbreak doctors, nurses and possibly even hospital housekeeping staff. The decision came after the panel heard Wednesday from scientists who argued against reinstating mass vaccinations for the general public. Routine smallpox vaccinations were discontinued in the United States in 1972, and the disease was eradicated globally in 1980. But after the September 11 terrorist attacks, government officials began stockpiling vaccine and looking at U.S. vaccination policy because of the possible use of the virus in a biological weapon.
Bioterrorism Readiness smallpox Questions and Answers The Disease and the Vaccine The smallpox Vaccine What You Need to Know Who Should NOT be Vaccinated? http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/bt/smallpox/smallpox.htm
Extractions: skip to main content Information for a Healthy New York You are Here: Home Page Bioterrorism Readiness INSERT PAGE TITLE HERE Information for the General Public Smallpox Questions and Answers: The Disease and the Vaccine The Smallpox Vaccine What You Need to Know Who Should NOT be Vaccinated? Smallpox Vaccination Side Effects ... Smallpox - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Information for Health Care Providers Smallpox: What Every Clinician Should Know CDC public response hotline: English: (888) 246-2675 Español: (888) 246-2857 TTY: (866) 874-2646 If you are not a resident of New York and need further information contact the public health department in your state Revised: December 2002
Extractions: Yes No Not now, but maybe in the future VIEW RESULTS (CNN) Experts poring over data from past widespread smallpox vaccinations conclude the live virus used in the vaccine may result in cases of contact vaccinia the spreading of the vaccinia virus from someone recently vaccinated to someone who has not had the shot. Vaccinia, a less virulent relative of smallpox, is the live virus used in smallpox vaccinations. People with skin disorders like eczema can spread the virus across their own skin and potentially infect others who aren't vaccinated. The vaccinia virus may cause a rash, fever and head or body aches. The researchers, led by Dr. John Neff, a former researcher with the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Smallpox Eradication Program, discussed what they found in a commentary in this week's Journal of the American Medical Association released today.
