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Retinoblastoma:     more books (46)

Retinoblastoma (Contemporary Issues in Ophthalmology, Vol 2) Regulation of CDKN2A/B and Retinoblastoma genes in Xiphophorus melanoma [An article from: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C] by A.P. Butler, D. Trono, et all 2007-02-01 The Official Parent's Sourcebook on Retinoblastoma: Directory for the Internet Age by Icon Health Publications, 2005-01-31 Retinoblastoma (Pediatric Oncology) Retinoblastoma - A Bibliography and Dictionary for Physicians, Patients, and Genome Researchers by Philip M. Parker, 2007-07-18 Science Magazine 13 March 1987: Human Retinoblastoma by American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1987 Chromosome 20 Gene Introduction: Ncoa6, Retinoblastoma-Like Protein 1, Casein Kinase 2, Alpha 1, Ywhab, Rgs19, Id1, Taf4, Laminin, Alpha 5 Dna Replication: Retinoblastoma Protein Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine: Retinoblastoma by CGC Lisa Andres MS, 2002-01-01 21st Century Complete Medical Guide to Childhood Cancer (including Neuroblastoma, Brain, Bone, Blood Cancers, Retinoblastoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, and others) ... on Diagnosis and Treatment Options by PM Medical Health News, 2002-07-28 Retinoblastoma: An entry from Thomson Gale's <i>Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health: Infancy through Adolescence</i> by Lisa, MS, CGC Andres, Rosalyn, MD Carson-DeWitt, 2006 Transcription Coregulators: Creb Binding Protein, Retinoblastoma Protein, Ep300, Nuclear Receptor Co-Repressor 2 Retinoblastoma: An entry from Thomson Gale's <i>Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer, 2nd ed.</i> by Lisa, M.S., C.G.C. Andres, Rebecca, PhD Frey, 2006 Tumorsuppressor: BRCA1, Retinoblastom-Protein, Mitochondrialer Tumorsuppressor 1, P53, Merlin, BRCA2, Vinculin, Retinoblastoma-like protein 1 (German Edition)

lists with details

81. Retinoblastoma
    The childhood retinoblastoma resource center. Related Pedonc page Warning Signs of Childhood Cancer retinoblastoma. retinoblastoma is a malignancy of  
    http://www.acor.org/ped-onc/diseases/retino.html
    
    Extractions: On this site: Warning Signs of Childhood Cancer: Retinoblastoma R etinoblastoma is a malignancy of the retinal cell layer of the eye. The tumor is composed mainly of undifferentiated anaplastic cells blasts that arise from the nuclear layers of the retina. It is the most common eye tumor in children and it usually occurs before the age of five. It can occur in one eye (unilateral) or in both eyes (bilateral). In about 40% of the cases, retinoblastoma is hereditary. In fact, retinoblastoma was one of the first cancers recognized as "hereditary". Before surgery, children who had retinoblastoma died before they reached childbearing age. When doctors in the first part of this century began removing the affected eye to treat the disease, the children survived the cancer and lived to have their own children, some of whom in turn developed retinoblastoma. In the 1970s, researchers studied the DNA of retinoblastoma carriers and found one of the first "oncogenes". They found that deletions or mutations of the "retinoblastoma" gene within the q14 band of chromosome 13 are highly associated with a predisposition to retinoblastoma.

82. Retinoblastoma
    CHC Wausau Hospital s Medical Library and Patient Education Center provides research services and healthcare information to physicians,  
    http://www.chclibrary.org/micromed/00063670.html
    
    Extractions: The genetic cause of retinoblastoma has been extensively studied. It is described as a "two-hit" process. Normally, individuals have two good copies of the retinoblastoma gene (RB-1) on chromosome 13. The disease develops in individuals in which mutation has occurred in both copies of RB-1. It appears that about 40% of patients are born with a defective copy (first "hit"), inherited from one parent. The second copy is rendered defective by a separate mutation (second "hit") that occurs in the eye. Individuals with an inherited RB-1 defect have high likelihood of developing retinoblastoma in both eyes. For these individuals, diagnosis occurs at age one. These patients also have increased risk of developing other types of cancer. The other 60% of patients inherit two normal copies of RB-1 and develop the disease only after each copy experiences an independent mutation. The likelihood of two independent "hits" is lower, and these individuals are less likely to develop retinoblastoma in both eyes. For these individuals, average age of diagnosis is 2.1 years.

83. Retinoblastoma
    National retinoblastoma Parents Group 603 Fourth Range Rd Pembroke, What is retinoblastoma? Genetics of retinoblastoma; Genetic Testing  
    http://www.kumc.edu/gec/support/retinobl.html
    
    Extractions: Retinoblastoma resources A Parent's Guide to Understanding Retinoblastoma Retinoblastoma Foundation National organizations information on genetic conditions or birth defects Retinoblastoma National Cancer Institute information sheet CancerNet or Retinoblastoma information Other Cancer resources University of Kansas web site Royal National Institute for the Blind United Kingdom , suggestions on designing, setting defaults on web page for those with visual limitatiolns

84. Retinoblastoma: Definition, Symptoms, And Treatment - Kellogg Eye Center
    retinoblastoma defined, description of symptoms, and information on treatment  
    http://www.kellogg.umich.edu/patientcare/conditions/retinoblastoma.html
    
    Extractions: Retinoblastoma is a malignant (cancerous) tumor of the retina. The retina is the thin nerve tissue that lines the back of the eye that senses light and forms images. Although retinoblastoma may occur at any age, it most often occurs in younger children, usually before the age of five years. Retinablastoma affects one in every 18,000 births, with an estimated 250-500 cases diagnosed in the United States each year. The tumor may be in one eye only or in both eyes. Retinoblastoma is usually confined to the eye but, if left untreated, will spread to nearby tissues and other parts of the body. Retinoblastoma may be hereditary (runs in families) or nonhereditary. The hereditary form may be in one or both eyes. Most retinoblastoma occurring in only one eye is not hereditary; when the disease occurs in both eyes, it is always hereditary. Because of the hereditary factor, brothers and sisters of children with retinoblastoma warrant examination to find out if they may develop the disease. If your child has retinoblastoma, particularly the hereditary type, there is an increased chance that he or she may develop a second cancer in later years. Parents should continue taking their child for medical check-ups even after the cancer has been treated.

85. People Living With Cancer - Cancer Type - Cancer Page
    retinoblastoma, Childhood Cancer. People Living With Cancer provides PLWC Guide to retinoblastoma, Print All Articles Overview Medical Illustrations  
    http://www.plwc.org/plwc/MainConstructor/1,1744,_04-0067-00_12-001042-00_14-00Ca
    
    Extractions: Home About Us Contact Us Message Boards Cancer Type: Select a Cancer Type Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Adrenal Gland Tumor Amyloidosis Anal Bile Duct Bladder Bone Brain Tumor Breast Breast, Inflammatory Breast, Male Breast, Metaplastic Carcinoid Tumors Cervical Childhood Central Nervous System Astrocytoma Brain Stem Glioma Ependymoma Medulloblastoma Desmoplastic Infantile Ganglioma Ewing's Sarcoma Germ Cell Tumors Leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic (ALL) Leukemia, Acute Myeloid (AML) Lymphoma, Hodgkin Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Neuroblastoma Osteosarcoma Retinoblastoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Wilms Tumor Colorectal Endocrine Tumor Esophageal Eye Eyelid Fallopian Tube Gallbladder Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor Head and Neck Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Nasopharyngeal Oral and Oropharyngeal Salivary Gland HIV/AIDS-Related Islet Cell Tumors Kidney Lacrimal Gland Tumor Leukemia, Acute Lymphocytic (ALL) Leukemia, Acute Myeloid (AML) Leukemia, B-Cell Leukemia, Chronic Lymphocytic (CLL) Leukemia, Chronic Myeloid (CML) Leukemia, Eosinophilic

86. Retinoblastoma - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
    retinoblastoma is usually confined to the eye but can spread to the brain via the optic retinoblastoma may be hereditary (inherited) or nonhereditary.  
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoblastoma
    
    Extractions: You did it! Over US$240,000 was donated in the 21 day fund drive. Thank you for your generosity! You are still welcome to make a donation or purchase Wikimedia merchandise Retinoblastoma is a cancer of the retina . It is caused by a mutation in the Rb-1 protein. It occurs mostly in younger children and accounts for about 3% of the cancers occurring in children younger than 15 years. The estimated annual incidence is approximately 4 per million children The tumor may begin in one or both eyes. Retinoblastoma is usually confined to the eye but can spread to the brain via the optic nerve. Retinoblastoma may be hereditary (inherited) or nonhereditary. The hereditary form may be in one or both eyes, and generally affects younger children. Retinoblastoma occurring in only one eye is often not hereditary and is more prevalent in older children. When the disease occurs in both eyes, it is always hereditary. Because of the hereditary factor, patients and their brothers and sisters should have periodic examinations, including genetic counseling, to determine their risk for developing the disease. A statistical study by Dr Alfred G. Knudson

87. Retinoblastoma
    retinoblastoma. DESCRIPTION Malignant congenital hereditary blastoma (autosomal dominant with high penetrance). Characteristics appears in one or both  
    http://www.5mcc.com/Assets/SUMMARY/TP0797.html

88. Oncology - Retinoblastoma
    retinoblastoma occurs due to mutations in a tumor suppressor gene (called In sporadic retinoblastoma (60 percent of the cases), both mutations occur  
    http://uuhsc.utah.edu/healthinfo/pediatric/oncology/retino.htm
    
    Extractions: Retinoblastoma Retinoblastoma is a rare cancer of the retina. The retina is the innermost layer of the eye, located at the back of the eye, that receives light and images necessary for vision. Retinoblastoma occurs due to mutations in a tumor suppressor gene (called RB1) located on chromosome #13. Two mutations (or gene changes) are necessary to "knock-out" this gene, and cause uncontrolled cell growth. In inherited retinoblastoma (40 percent of the cases), the first mutation is inherited from a parent, while the second occurs during the development of the retina. In sporadic retinoblastoma (60 percent of the cases), both mutations occur during development of the retina. Sporadic means "occurs by chance." Alterations in the RB1 gene have also been found in other tumors, including osteosarcoma and breast cancer. Most children with inherited retinoblastoma generally have tumors involving both eyes. (In fact, all cases involving both eyes should be considered hereditary). The RB1 gene is an autosomal dominant gene, which means that both males and females are equally affected, and there is a 50/50 chance, with each pregnancy, for a parent to transmit the gene to a child. When a child inherits the gene, there is a 75 to 90 percent chance for the second mutation to occur, resulting in retinoblastoma. This means that some children who inherit the mutation may never get the second mutation, and may, therefore, never develop retinoblastoma. (They can still transmit the gene to their offspring, however, so that their children could develop the disease.)

89. Eye Care - Retinoblastoma
    retinoblastoma can occur in either eye, however, in about 25 percent of the Seventyfive percent of retinoblastoma cases involve one eye (unilateral).  
    http://uuhsc.utah.edu/healthinfo/pediatric/eye/retino.htm
    
    Extractions: Retinoblastoma Retinoblastoma is a rare cancer of the retina. The retina is the innermost layer of the eye, located at the back of the eye, that receives light and images necessary for vision. About 200 children in the US are diagnosed with this type of cancer each year. It mostly occurs in children under the age of 5; the highest incidence of the disease occurs between infancy and age 2. Both males and females are affected equally. Retinoblastoma can occur in either eye, however, in about 25 percent of the cases, the tumor is present in both eyes. Retinoblastoma cells can, in rare cases, spread (metastasize) to other areas of the body, including the bone marrow. Retinoblastoma occurs due to mutations in a tumor suppressor gene (called RB1) located on chromosome #13. Two mutations (or gene changes) are necessary to "knock-out" this gene, and cause uncontrolled cell growth. In inherited retinoblastoma (40 percent of the cases), the first mutation is inherited from a parent, while the second occurs during the development of the retina. In sporadic retinoblastoma (60 percent of the cases), both mutations occur during development of the retina. Sporadic means "occurs by chance." Alterations in the RB1 gene have also been found in other tumors, including osteosarcoma and breast cancer. Most children with inherited retinoblastoma generally have tumors involving both eyes. (In fact, all cases involving both eyes should be considered hereditary). The RB1 gene is an autosomal dominant gene, which means that both males and females are equally affected, and there is a 50/50 chance, with each pregnancy, for a parent to transmit the gene to a child. When a child inherits the gene, there is a 75 to 90 percent chance for the second mutation to occur, resulting in retinoblastoma. This means that some children who inherit the mutation may never get the second mutation, and may, therefore, never develop retinoblastoma. (They can still transmit the gene to their offspring, however, so that their children could develop the disease.)

90. Joey Bergsma Retinoblastoma Awareness
    Joey Bergsma retinoblastoma Awareness. beloved grandson, Joseph Hollander Bergsma, died needlessly from metastatic retinoblastoma on December 22, 2000.  
    http://www.lovejoey.com/
    
    Extractions: A simple photo could save your child's life. Is your pediatrican using an ophthalmoscope? Home About Retinoblastoma Clues To Look For Red Eye Photos ... Contact Us Joseph Hollander Bergsma July 5, 1997 - December 22, 2000 " I realized the last few days of Joey's life that he was to be the last child to die needlessly to this disease Joey was and continues to be a gift of light and life to other children. " Pam Bergsma, (Joey's Grandma) WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW IN ORDER TO PREVENT NEEDLESS BLINDNESS AND DEATH OF OUR CHILDREN You can take a picture of a tumor, cataract, and other eye diseases The ophthalmoscope needs to be used at every exam in a darkened room An infant needs an eye dilation exam in order for the ophthalmoscope to see the retina Joey's Message My beloved grandson, Joseph Hollander Bergsma, died needlessly from metastatic retinoblastoma on December 22, 2000. Joey was three years old. Awareness would have saved his life.

91. Retinoblastoma
    retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor (cancer) of the retina (part of the eye) that generally affects children under the age of 6.  
    http://www.healthscout.com/ency/1/001030.html
    
    Extractions: Search HealthScout Web MEDLINE Special Offers TV Specials Chronic Pain Erectile Dysfunction GERD Diabetes ... High Tech Health Top Features Bipolar Disorder Resources Sleep Skin Cancer Migraines ... Diabetes Health Organizer Resources Healthscout News 3D Health Animations Health Videos Health Encyclopedia ... Drug Library Drug Information Drug Search Drug Interactions Image Database Pill Identifier Causes, incidence, and risk factors: Retinoblastoma occurs when a cell of the growing retina develops a mutation in the RB gene (a tumor suppresser gene). This mutation causes the cell to grow out of control and become cancererous. Sometimes this mutation develops in a child whose family has never had eye cancer, but other times the mutation is present in several family members. If the mutation runs in the family, there is a 50% chance that an affected person's children will also have the mutation and a high risk of developing retinoblastoma.

92. CAGT - Retinoblastoma Protocols
    The CAGT combines Basic Research and Clinical departments at Baylor College of Medicine to discover and develop novel therapies for a range of diseases.  
    http://www.bcm.edu/genetherapy/clinical/retinoblastoma.html
    
    Extractions: H6827; Pediatric Phase I Study of Adv/Rsv-Tk Followed by Gancyclovir for Retinoblastoma: This protocol uses a virus that has been changed so that it cannot make the patient sick to deliver a gene to Retinoblastoma cancer cells. The cancer cells that have been infected with the virus will then die when a certain antibiotic is given to the patients. CAGT Home BCM Home Privacy Notices Baylor College of Medicine

93. AllRefer Health - Retinoblastoma (Cancer - Retina, Tumor - Retina)
    retinoblastoma (Cancer Retina, Tumor - Retina) information center covers causes, prevention, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, incidence, risk factors,  
    http://health.allrefer.com/health/retinoblastoma-info.html
    
    Extractions: AllRefer Channels :: Yellow Pages Reference Health Home ... Contact Us Quick Jump ADD/ADHD Allergies Alzheimer's Disease Arthritis Asthma Back Pain Breast Cancer Cancer Colon Cancer Depression Diabetes Gallbladder Disease Heart Attack Hepatitis High Cholesterol HIV/AIDS Hypertension Lung Cancer Menopause Migraines/Headaches Osteoporosis Pneumonia Prostate Cancer SARS Stroke Urinary Tract Infection 1600+ More Conditions Alternative Medicine Health News Symptoms Guide Special Topics ... Medical Encyclopedia Eye Retinoblastoma occurs when a cell of the growing retina develops a mutation in the RB gene (a tumor suppresser gene). This mutation causes the cell to grow out of control and become cancer. Sometimes this mutation develops in a child whose family has never had eye cancer, but other times the mutation is present in several family members. If the mutation runs in the family, there is a 50% chance that an affected person's children will also have the mutation and a high risk of developing retinoblastoma.

94. Institute For Families Of Blind Children_Retinoblastoma
    retinoblastoma is a rare fastgrowing cancer that only occurs in newborns, In the developed world, 97% of infants survive their retinoblastoma,  
    http://www.instituteforfamilies.org/retinoblastoma.html
    
    Extractions: Treatment protocols include chemotherapy, radiation, sequential aggressive local laser or cryotherapy, the removal of one or both eyes (enucleation), or combinations of the above. An estimated 8,000 cases occur annually worldwide. Of these, 7,000 die (mostly in developing countries) due to the delay in diagnosis or because of the lack of access to expert medical care. In the developed world, 97% of infants survive their retinoblastoma, but most have a moderate to severe visual impairment. (For more information, go to http://www.retinoblastoma.net

95. Retinoblastoma - DrGreene.com - Caring For The Next Generation
    Dr. Greene talks about retinoblastoma, which is cancer of the eye, usually found in infants and toddlers.  
    http://www.drgreene.com/21_813.html
    
    Extractions: QUICK SEARCH A - Z Guide ADHD Allergy Care Guide Allergies Asthma Care Guide Asthma Bedwetting Breastfeeding Childhood Obesity Diabetes Care Guide Ear Infections Environmental Health Genetics Infectious Diseases Medical Treatment Mental Health Multimedia Library Potty Training Rashes Safety Sleep About DrGreene.com Archives About Us Context Reviews Awards Readers Comments Press Room Partners and Supporters Children's Health Topic Centers Contact Us Professional Resources Dr. Greene's Welcome Analytical Chemistry Business: Healthcare Cardiology Clinical Pharmacology Clinical Trials Mgmt Cosmetic Surgery Dermatology Diabetes Drug Discovery Emergency Medicine Endocrinology Family Practice Gastroenterology Geriatrics HIV/AIDS Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Managed Care Neurology Nursing Ob/Gyn Oncology Ophthalmology Orthopedics Pediatrics Pharma Marketing Pharma Sales Pharma Science/Tech Pharmacy Psychiatry Pulmonology Radiology Residents / Students Rheumatology Surgery Urology Pediatric Information A-Z Guide Allergy Care Guide Asthma Care Guide Diabetes Care Guide Discussion Boards Dr. Greene´s Chats

96. Retinoblastoma - Lucile Packard Children's Hospital
    About 300 children will be diagnosed with retinoblastoma this year. Most children with inherited retinoblastoma generally have tumors involving both  
    http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/oncology/retino.html
    
    Extractions: Oncology Retinoblastoma Retinoblastoma is a rare cancer of the retina (the innermost layer of the eye, located at the back of the eye, that receives light and images necessary for vision). About 300 children will be diagnosed with retinoblastoma this year. It accounts for 3 percent of childhood cancers. Retinoblastoma occurs due to mutations in a tumor suppressor gene (called RB1) located on chromosome #13. Two mutations (or gene changes) are necessary to "knock-out" this gene, and cause uncontrolled cell growth. In inherited retinoblastoma (40 percent of the cases), the first mutation is inherited from a parent, while the second occurs during the development of the retina. In sporadic retinoblastoma (60 percent of the cases), both mutations occur during development of the retina. Sporadic means "occurs by chance." Alterations in the RB1 gene have also been found in other tumors, including osteosarcoma and breast cancer. Most children with inherited retinoblastoma generally have tumors involving both eyes. (In fact, all cases involving both eyes should be considered hereditary). The RB1 gene is an autosomal dominant gene, which means that both males and females are equally affected, and there is a 50/50 chance, with each pregnancy, for a parent to transmit the gene to a child. When a child inherits the gene, there is a 75 to 90 percent chance for the second mutation to occur, resulting in retinoblastoma. This means that some children who inherit the mutation may never get the second mutation, and may, therefore, never develop retinoblastoma. (They can still transmit the gene to their offspring, however, so that their children could develop the disease.)

97. Retinoblastoma (Rb) & Phospho-RB(ser780) Antibodies From Research Diagnostics In
    retinoblastoma (Rb) PhosphoRB(ser780) antibodies from Research Diagnostics Inc.  
    http://www.researchd.com/tumorabs/rbab.htm
    
    Extractions: A NTIBODIES (anti-Human and others as indicated) Research Diagnostics Inc offers a wide line of antibodies. Since no one antibody works best for all applications (neutralization, blotting, histochemistry, ELISA, etc), we offer many different types of antibodies to help solve this problem. Please inquire for other applications or types of antibodies not listed below. Mouse anti-Phospho-RB Ser780 (human) -cat#RDI-RB2C4abm $469.00/100ug -human reactive -clone 2C4, mIgG1 isotype -immunogen: synthetic human phospho-RB(Ser780) peptide, TRPPTLS(P03)PIPHIP which corresponds to amino acids 774-786 of human Rb -recognizies only the phosphorylation site sequence RPPTLS(P03)PIPHIP. Detects 105kda of human phospho-RB by immunoblot -WB: approx 1ug/ml with chemiluminescence detection system -pos control: Human Jurkat, U937, Molt4, 5637 (ATCC HTB-9 RB mRNA negative) and Saos (ATCC HTB-85, mRNA negative). -no reaction with mouse NIH3T3, WR19L12a, BaF/3 -ref: Cell 81:323(1995, Embo J., 15:7060 (1996), Mol Cells, 5:191(1995)

98. Retinoblastoma And Children's Eyes - From The Cleveland Clinic
    retinoblastoma and Children s Eyes From the Cleveland Clinic.  
    http://my.webmd.com/content/article/63/72013.htm?z=4051_00000_7001_to_16

99. University Of Iowa EyeRounds.org
    Islands of blue cells in a sea of necrosis are typical of retinoblastoma. Fortunately, 95% of children with retinoblastoma survive (because of early  
    http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/case27.htm
    
    Extractions: 4 month old boy with a "blur" in one eye since birth according to his mother. Presented by James Coombs , M.D. Faculty: Culver Boldt, M.D. Edited by Andrew Doan, M.D., Ph.D., Thomas Oetting, M.D., Thomas Weingeist, M.D., Ph.D. CC: 4 month old boy with a "blur" in one eye since birth according to his mother. EXAM OCULAR: Figure 1: Fundus Exam OD Figure 1 OD: Multiple tumors in the posterior pole. Figure 1 OS: Amelanotic large endophytic mass. OS ECHOGRAPHY: OD: 3 lesions, one in the macula with choroidal shadowing. OS: Large, multilobulated calcified lesion with maximum height of 9 mm and choroidal shadowing. No extraocular extension of mass Figure 3 OD One month after chemoreductive therapy. Figure 3 OS One month after chemoreductive therapy. Left eye was removed later.

100. BBC - Health - Conditions - Retinoblastoma
     retinoblastoma (Rb) is a malignant tumour which develops at the back of the eye. The commonest signs of retinoblastoma are an abnormal pupil which tends  
     http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/conditions/retinoblastoma1.shtml
     
     Extractions: This cancer may be unilateral (affecting one eye; about two thirds of children) or bilateral (both eyes; about one third). In 95 per cent of cases the tumour develops before the age of five. Occasionally babies are born with a retinoblastoma. There is an increased risk of developing other tumours later in life. The commonest signs of retinoblastoma are an abnormal pupil which tends to reflect light as a white reflex - and a squint. The child's vision may also start to deteriorate and the eye may become red and inflamed - and sometimes painful. In the UK, about 40 to 50 children develop this tumour each year. 60 per cent are because of a non-genetic cause but 40 per cent of cases are due to an inherited genetic problem (a faulty gene on chromosome 13 is to blame). As an autosomal recessive condition, both copies of the gene must be damaged for Rb to develop. There are several types of Rb depending on how both gene copies become damaged. Retinoblastoma has one of the highest success rates for treatment for all childhood cancers - nine out of ten children can be cured. Cryotherapy (a freezing treatment), radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery are used.

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