Extractions: 1 Figures for age not stated included in "All ages" but not distributed among age groups. 2 Death rates for "Under 1 year" (based on population estimates) differ from Infant mortality rates (based on live births); see Technical notes. 3 For method of computation, see Technical notes. From Table 7. Death rates and age-adjusted death rates for the 15 leading causes of death and selected components in United States, 1979, 1995, and 1996
Extractions: MicroscopyU Site Map Small World Contest Interactive Tutorials Basic Concepts ... MicroscopyU Home Human Pathology Digital Image Gallery Acute myocardial infarction is the medical term for the event commonly referred to as a heart attack. One of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in America and most other industrialized nations, myocardial infarction involves death to tissues of the heart due to a blockage-related inability of sufficient oxygen to reach the organ. Since 90 to 95 percent of individuals in the United States that experience myocardial infarction and are admitted to a hospital survive, it is important to know the warning signs of the condition so that medical help can be obtained in time. Approximately 300,000 Americans die from heart attacks each year before they reach a hospital. Though symptoms of a heart attack vary, they frequently include chest pain or pressure that may radiate into the jaw, shoulders, arms, or back, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, lightheadedness, sweating, and anxiety. A significant number of individuals only experience very mild symptoms that may go unnoticed, in which case the myocardial infarction is sometimes referred to as a silent heart attack. Myocardial infarction is commonly related to the gradual accumulation of cholesterol plaques in the arterial walls known as atherosclerosis . Atherosclerosis is characterized by a narrowing of the lumenal space within arteries and hardening of arterial walls. When atherosclerosis occurs in coronary arteries, there is a risk that a plaque may rupture and a blood clot will form over top of it. If this clot becomes so large that it blocks the blood flow through the artery, acute myocardial infarction occurs. The precise reason that cholesterol plaques rupture and form blood clots is not well understood, but there are a number of factors that can contribute to the event. Some of the best-known contributing factors include high blood pressure, adrenaline levels, and LDL cholesterol, as well as smoking and diabetes mellitus.
Extractions: MicroscopyU Site Map Small World Contest Interactive Tutorials Basic Concepts ... MicroscopyU Home Human Pathology Digital Image Gallery Myocardial infarction is the necrosis of a section of heart muscle tissue, most commonly from coronary occlusion. Often referred to as a heart attack, myocardial infarction occurs suddenly, but is usually the result of long-term conditions. Typically the coronary arteries are thickened with cholesterol plaques over the course of many years, increasingly narrowing the lumenal space. The rupture of a plaque can result in the formation of a blood clot, which causes complete occlusion of the arterial lumen if it grows too large, blocking the flow of blood and the oxygen it contains to the heart. Scientist have not yet determined exactly what causes plaques to rupture, but a number of risk factors for myocardial infarction have been identified, including diabetes, smoking, inactivity, being overweight, high LDL and low HDL cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, and increased adrenaline. Being able to recognize the signs that someone is experiencing a myocardial infarction is important for making sure appropriate care is provided in a timely manner. Patients have a very high survival rate if they are admitted to a hospital, but hundreds of thousands of Americans die each year from heart attacks before the ever reach a medical center. The most common symptoms of myocardial infarction include chest pain or pressure that may radiate into the jaw, shoulders, arms, or back, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, low blood pressure, quickened pulse, lightheadedness, sweating, and anxiety. The severity of such indicators can vary significantly depending upon the extent of heart tissue affected. Some individuals may experience such mild symptoms that they do not realize that anything serious is wrong, resulting in what is often called a silent heart attack.
Extractions: Openbook Linked Table of Contents Front Matter, pp. i-viii Summary, pp. 1-4 Introduction, pp. 5-8 The Knowledge Base for Clinical Issues in Acute Myocardial I..., pp. 9-24 Factors Important for the Selection of Key Patient Managemen..., pp. 25-28 Key Patient Management Topics for Effectiveness Research in ..., pp. 29-42 Conclusions, pp. 43-44 Bibliography, pp. 45-48 Appendix A: Background and Conduct of the Workshop, pp. 49-62 GO TO PAGE: Front Matter i-viii Summary skim Introduction skim ... skim The Open Book page image presentation framework is not designed to replace printed books. Rather, it is a free, browsable, nonproprietary, fully and deeply searchable version of the publication which we can inexpensively and quickly produce to make the material available worldwide. For most effective printing, use the "printable PDF page" link available on each OpenBook page's tool block. The 300 x 150 dpi PDF linked to it is printable on your local printer.
Extractions: from Thrombocyte Activation Antigens G.Valet 1. Introduction: General risk indicators like overweight, smoking, high blood pressure, humoral indicators like altered lipid fractions in the peripheral blood, as well as cellular indicators like monocyte/makrophage lipid receptors indicate the risk for myocardial infarction on a statistical but not at an individual person level. - The appearence of thrombocyte activation antigens like or thrombospondin on the thrombocyte surface membrane is the consequence of accelerated blood flow through arteriosclerotically narrowed coronary arteries. Myocardial infarction is ultimately caused by thrombocyte aggregates obstructing such arteries. It seems of interest to determine thrombocyte activation antigen patterns for individual patient risk assessment of myocardial infarction. A blood test would be substantially easier , with lower risk and less costly than coronary angiography from a cathether.
Extractions: Could you be at risk for a stroke? This is a 3½-year clinical research study to assess the safety and efficacy of an investigational (not approved by the FDA) medication in subjects with normal or low cholesterol levels who could be at risk for a heart attack or stroke. California Los Angeles; UCLA Medical Center
Extractions: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA To evaluate the association of prior treatment with antibiotics active against Chlamydia pneumoniae with the risk for incident myocardial infarction, we conducted a population-based case-control study. We found that use of erythromycin, tetracycline, or doxycycline during the previous 5 years was not associated with risk for first myocardial infarction. These results suggest little or no association between the use of these antibiotics and the risk for first myocardial infarction in the primary prevention setting. Chlamydia pneumoniae has been associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in seroepidemiologic studies, by detection of the organism in atherosclerotic plaque, and in animal model studies ( ). Two small clinical trials to assess the effect of treatment with antibiotics active against
IM Quiz: Acute Inferior Myocardial Infarction This patient is having an acute inferior wall myocardial infarction. Given the patients early presentation and current EKG he is a candidate for http://meded.ucsd.edu/isp/1994/im-quiz/infmi.htm
Extractions: Acute Inferior Myocardial Infarction This patient is having an acute inferior wall myocardial infarction. Given the patients early presentation and current EKG he is a candidate for thrombolytic therapy with TPA. He should be assessed for risk factors and given TPA. Remember to check a right sided EKG to look for posterior (RV) extension of this infarct. This is apparently described as occurring in as many as 50% of inferior myocardial infarctions and in a range of 14-84% (depending on study criteria) of all left ventricular infarctions (1). The clinical triad of RV infarcts consists of : hypotension elevated jugular venous pressure clear lung fields Although quite specific, this triad has a sensitivity of about 25% (2). These signs may not be entirely present if the patient is volume depleted. Patients with RV infarction are volume dependent and giving them nitroglycerin sublingual can cause them to become profoundly hypotensive. This can iatrogenically extend the area of infarction. It is ALWAYS a good rule to get an EKG before doing any interventions with the exception of administering an aspirin. And ALWAYS get a right sided EKG in inferior infarction patterns. For a good review on RV infarction see: References: Cohn JN, Guiha NH, Broder MI, Limas CJ. Right ventricular infarction: clinical and hemodynamic features. Am J Cardiol 1974; 33:209-14.
Extractions: Contacts AMI Tools and resources Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Cardiovascular disease is responsible for almost 50% of all deaths, with persons age 65 and older accounting for about 84% of cardiovascular deaths. Each year, approximately 1.5 million Americans experience an acute myocardial infarction (AMI); almost one-third of those who are older than 65 die during the acute phase of an AMI. Survivors have a chance of related illness and death from two to nine times as high as that of the general population. AMI remains a leading cause for admissions of older adults, accounting for approximately 12 hospitalizations among every 1,000 Medicare beneficiaries. The associated costs were more than $3.6 billion in 1996 or about $9,780 per discharge (excluding payments for services to patients covered by supplemental insurance through managed care organizations). The number of persons who experience an AMI is growing because AMI is more common with increasing age, and the percentage of the population older than 65 is rising. With that increase comes an increase in the number of persons who incur the secondary effects of AMI, including heart failure, recurrent myocardial infarction, stroke, and sudden death.
Laser Thrombolysis In Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients with acute myocardial infarction with acute ST elevation by EKG in at least two leads, ongoing ischemia, contraindications or failure of http://omlc.ogi.edu/pubs/abs/gregory92.html
Coronary Thrombosis (heart Attack) the blood supply to that area of the heart muscle will stop. This is known as a coronary thrombosis, a myocardial infarction or heart attack. http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/coronarythrombosis.htm
Extractions: Search: All NetDoctor Diseases Medicines NetDoctor.co.uk Home News and features News News archive Newsletter Features Encyclopaedia Diseases Examinations Medicines Premium services SMS services StayQuit thediet Health centres ADHD Allergy and asthma Children's health Depression ... All health centres Discussion and support Discussion forums Support groups Services Ask the doctor Find a hospital Search Medline Test yourself Information About NetDoctor Commercial opportunities NetDoctor.com Coronary thrombosis (heart attack) Reviewed by Dr Neal Uren , consultant cardiologist and Dr Patrick Davey , cardiologist Most commonly a coronary thrombosis will cause severe chest pains behind the sternum (breast bone), often radiating towards the left arm. The area of muscle to which there is insufficient supply stops working properly if the blood clot is not dissolved quickly, eg with thrombosis dissolving (thrombolytic) medication.
Myocardial Ischemia, Injury And Infarction Insufficient blood supply to the myocardium can result in myocardial ischemia, injury or infarction, or all three. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=251
Myocardial Infraction infarction means necrosis of myocardial tissue. This gives a permanent damage, although EKG changes can become normal after a longer period of time. http://www.technion.ac.il/~eilamp/mi.html
Extractions: We can distinct the following: Ischemia and Lesion are respectively the less and most worse form of oxygen shortage, but are usually reversible. Infarction means necrosis of myocardial tissue. This gives a permanent damage, although EKG changes can become normal after a longer period of time. Ischemia According to theory a negative T-wave indicates ischemia of the total heart wall or in the exterior wall layers of the ventricular muscle, and a high positive T-wave indicates ischemia of the interior wall layers. These changes take place in the first minute of occlusion of the coronary artery and is followed shortly with damage of the myocard. This is the reason why this phase is rarely registered electrocardiographically. Lesion (myocardial injury) A lesion causes a displacement of the ST-segment. An ST-depression (descending ST-segment) indicates a lesion of the subendocardial layers and an ST-elevation (ascending ST-segment) a lesion of the total wall. An ST-elevation is also caused by an inflammation of the subepicardial (exterior) layers of the heart muscle, for example pericarditis.
