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Blepharospasm:     more detail

Blepharospasm: Webster's Timeline History, 1869 - 2007 by Icon Group International, 2010-03-10 The Official Patient's Sourcebook on Benign Essential Blepharospasm: A Revised and Updated Directory for the Internet Age by Icon Health Publications, 2002-10 Blepharospasm - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References by ICON Health Publications, 2004-09-03 Treating the Psychological Consequences of Blepharospasm with Relaxation and Hypnosis by Elizabeth Evans, 1991 The Official Patient's Sourcebook on Blepharospasm: A Directory for the Internet Age by Icon Health Publications, 2005-01-30 Blepharospasm: An entry from Thomson Gale's <i>Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders</i> by Richard Robinson, 2005 Blepharospasm And Related Disorders: A Historical Review Of Etiology And Treatment (Advances In Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Volume 4) The Neurotic Constitution: Outlines of a Comparative Individualistic Psychology and Psychotherapy, by Alfred Adler, 1930 BLEPHAROSPASM Volume 4 in the series ADVANCES IN OPHTHALMIC PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY by Stephen L and Byron C Smith (Editors) BOSNIAK, 1985-01-01 Case of Intense and Long-Continued Photophobia and Blepharospasm, Relieved by the Inhalation of Chloroform. by William MacKenzie, 1857 Blepharospasm & Related Disorders by Stephen L Bosniak, 1985 Blepharospasm: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, And Annotated Research Guide To Internet References by Icon Health Publications, 1980 Blepharospasm-oromandibular dystonia syndrome (Brueghel's syndrome). A variant of adult-onset torsion dystonia? by C. D Marsden, 1976

lists with details

61. Meige S Syndrome,dystonia, Oral Facial Dystonia, Blepharospasm
    Meige s Syndrome,dystonia, oral facial dystonia, blepharospasm oromandibular dystonia,Brueghel Syndrome.  
    http://www.icomm.ca/geneinfo/meiges.htm

62. Blepharospasm Benign Essential,BEB,Blepharospasm,Secondary
    blepharospasm Benign Essential,BEB,blepharospasm,Secondary blepharospasm.  
    http://www.icomm.ca/geneinfo/beb.htm

63. Blepharospasm, Benign Essential
    Benign Essential blepharospasm is a rare disorder in which the muscles of the eyelids (orbiculares oculi) do not function properly.  
    http://www.bchealthguide.org/kbase/nord/nord17.htm
    
    Extractions: It is possible that the main title of the report Blepharospasm, Benign Essential is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report. Benign Essential Blepharospasm is a rare disorder in which the muscles of the eyelids (orbiculares oculi) do not function properly. There are intermittent and involuntary contractions or spasms of the muscles around the eyes. Although the eyes themselves are unaffected, the patient may eventually become functionally blind because of an inability to open the eyelids. Benign Essential Blepharospasm is a form of dystonia, which is a group of neuromuscular disorders characterized by muscle spasms. WE MOVE (Worldwide Education and Awareness for Movement Disorders)

64. Benign Essential Blepharospasm - [Support Group]
    This information is provided as a resource and does not constitute an endorsement for any group. It is the responsibility of the reader to decide whether a  
    http://www.bchealthguide.org/kbase/shc/shc29beb.htm
    
    Extractions: var hwPrint=1;var hwDocHWID="shc29beb";var hwDocTitle="Benign Essential Blepharospasm";var hwRank="1";var hwSectionHWID="shc29beb-Header";var hwSource="en-caQ2_05";var hwDocType="Shc"; This information is provided as a resource and does not constitute an endorsement for any group. It is the responsibility of the reader to decide whether a group is appropriate for his/her needs. For evidence-based information on diseases, conditions, symptoms, treatment and wellness issues, continue searching this site. National. 170 groups. Founded 1981.

65. Blepharospasm - YourDictionary.com - American Heritage Dictionary
    Search Mamma.com for blepharospasm . TYPE IN YOUR WORD CLICK GO! Search. Normal, Definitions, Short defs. (Pronunciation Key)  
    http://www.yourdictionary.com/ahd/b/b0321500.html

66. Blepharospasm
    NINDS benign essential blepharospasm information page. This Web resource on benign essential blepharospasm (a progressive neurological disorder  
    http://omni.ac.uk/browse/mesh/D001764.html
    
    Extractions: low graphics broader: Eyelid Diseases other: Blepharitis Blepharoptosis Ectropion NINDS : benign essential blepharospasm information page This Web resource on benign essential blepharospasm (a progressive neurological disorder characterised by involuntary muscle contractions and spasms of the eyelid muscles) is produced by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). A description of benign essential blepharospasm is provided, and available treatments, prognosis, and current research activities are all discussed. Links to related organisations are provided. This resource has a US focus. Patient Education Handout [Publication Type] Blepharospasm

67. Allergan :: At A Glance
    blepharospasm is a localised movement disorder (focal dystonia) that affects the muscles blepharospasm usually affects both eyelids and can progress to  
    http://www.allergan.co.uk/site/treat/treat.asp?id=blepharospasm&largeText=

68. Blepharospasm - Your Questions Answered Patient Information From Ipsen Limited
    Ipsen Limited Pharmaceutical company specialising in controlled release peptides and botulinum toxin.  
    http://www.ipsen.ltd.uk/page.php?sid=patients&tid=dystonia&uid=blepharospasm

69. Blepharospasm
    BEBRF blepharospasm Pages blepharospasm is a condition in which there is Essential blepharospasm and Hemifacial Spasm Essential blepharospasm and  
    http://www.doctorpage.com/findit/Diseases_and_Conditions/Blepharospasm/

70. Healthfinder® — Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Foundation - BEBRF
    The Benign Essential blepharospasm Research Foundation was established in 1981 to promote awareness of and research on the condition and to give support to  
    http://www.healthfinder.gov/orgs/HR2032.htm
    
    Extractions: 409-832-0890 (FAX) The Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Foundation was established in 1981 to promote awareness of and research on the condition and to give support to those afflicted with it. It provides information on treatments and on current research and helps to organize local support groups. The Foundation is funded through private donations. What is Blepharospasm? http://www.blepharospasm.org/#A12 The Foundation disseminates a packet of information on blepharospasm, Meige and hemifacial spasam that includes brochures and medical articles. Serial publication: Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Foundation Newsletter, bimonthlynews on Foundation activities. Blepharospasm Visual Impairment Mon Nov 1, 2004

71. Healthfinder® - Blepharospasm
    Carefully selected government and nonprofit health information on blepharospasm.  
    http://www.healthfinder.gov/Scripts/SearchContext.asp?topic=111

72. Patient Resources
    blepharospasm. What is blepharospasm? blepharospasm is a type of focal dystonia in which there is involuntary contraction of the muscles of the eyelids  
    http://www.aanem.org/education/patientinfo/blepharospasm.cfm
    
    Extractions: Blepharospasm is a type of focal dystonia in which there is involuntary contraction of the muscles of the eyelids causing closure of the lids. This does not have any effect on a person's vision or mental faculties. The only time vision would be affected is if the contractions become so extreme that they force the eyelids closed. Symptoms include frequent blinking and irritation of the eye. Dry eye has also been noted to be present with blepharospasm. Other involuntary movements can occur in addition to blepharospasm such as forceful opening of the jaw, retraction of the lips, or protrusion of the tongue. The cause is unknown, though patients should be evaluated for diseases that may also have blepharospasm as a symptom. Although the cause of blepharospasm is unknown, it is possibly due to abnormal function of the basal ganglia of the brain. The job of the basal ganglia is to help with the start and continuation of movement. What is unknown about this is what makes the basal ganglia function incorrectly.

73. BLEPHAROSPASM // Medical-Conditions.org // Medical Conditions
    blepharospasm information and medical glossary at MedicalConditions.org.  
    http://www.medical-conditions.org/?q=Blepharospasm

74. Blepharospasm
    blepharospasm drug treatment. Definition blepharospasm is the repetitive contraction of eyelid muscles in a rhythmic fashion.  
    http://browse.drugs.com/cond-blepharospasm.html

75. ► Blepharospasm
    A medical encycopedia article on the topic blepharospasm.  
    http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/000756.htm
    
    Extractions: Causes, incidence, and risk factors: The most common causes of muscle twitching in the eyelid are fatigue stress , and caffeine. Once the spasms begin, they may continue intermittently for a day to more than a week, then disappear. Most people experience this type of eyelid twitch on occasion and find it extremely annoying. It usually stops suddenly, without even noticing it. More severe contractions with closure of the eyelid are thought to be caused by irritation of the surface of the eye (cornea), or the membranes lining the eyelids (conjunctival irritation). This type of eyelid twitching is common, especially in certain seasons. Another form of blepharospasm, lasts much longer, is very uncomfortable, and can close the eyelids completely.

76. Conditions For Blepharospasm
    Home Medical Reference Alternative / Complementary Medicine Table of Contents Conditions by symptom blepharospasm. Conditions for blepharospasm  
    http://www.umm.edu/altmed/ConsLookups/Symptoms/blepharospasm.html

77. Blepharospasm : Ipsen, Oncology, Cognitive Disorders And Endocrinology Specialis
    blepharospasm European pharmaceutical group specialized in the oncology, the endocrinology and cognitive disorders, with more than 20 medicinal products  
    http://www.ipsen.com/ipsen-endocrinology/blepharospasm.htm
    
    Extractions: European pharmaceutical group specialized in the oncology, the endocrinology and cognitive disorders, with more than 20 medicinal products marketed in more than 110 countries. It was later developed for the treatment of a wide variety of neuromuscular disorders, smecta is used in the treatment of both chronic and acute diarrhoea in adults and children, and in the symptomatic treatment of pain associated with oesophageal, gastric, duodenal or colonic disorders. Forlax is an oral laxative created by the Group, it is used for the treatment of constipation. cardiovascular disorder

78. Ipsen, Oncology, Cognitive Disorders And Endocrinology Specialist
    is twisted or deviated), spasticity of the lower limbs in children with cerebral palsy, blepharospasm (involuntary eye closure) and hemifacial spasm.  
    http://www.ipsen.com/
    
    Extractions: Ipsen is a European pharmaceutical group which currently markets over 20 medicinal products throughout the world, mainly in Europe. The Group focuses its activity on the discovery and development of innovative products in specifically targeted disease areas with the aim of addressing unmet medical needs. The Group’s product portfolio includes those marketed to specialists working in the Group’s targeted disease areas (oncology, endocrinology and neuromuscular disorders) which represent its priority lines of development, as well as products marketed in other disease areas related to the Group’s history (gastroenterology, cardiovascular and cognitive disorders) which are mainly used in general practice, mainly in France. The combination of products in the targeted disease areas and historical disease areas provides the Group with a well-balanced and diversified product portfolio. Worlwide presence : Ipsen has continued to expand on an international scale in order to establish new markets and promote the development of its products. Ipsen operates in more than 110 countries with its own facilities. The Group is firmly established in the five major countries in Western Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom) and also operates through its subsidiaries in most European Union countries, China, Korea and Australia. Testim 1% Gel is a testosterone gel prescribed as a replacement treatment for patients with primary or secondary hypogonadism. It is generally reported that approximately 20% of men aged over 60 years suffer from inadequate testosterone levels. Testim 1% Gel thus helps to restore testosterone to normal levels. Dysport, which acts as a curariform (exhibiting muscle immobilising properties), was initially developed for the treatment of motor disorders and various forms of muscular spasticity, including spasmodic torticollis (a chronic condition in which the neck is twisted or deviated), spasticity of the lower limbs in children with cerebral palsy, blepharospasm (involuntary eye closure) and hemifacial spasm. It was later developed for the treatment of a wide variety of neuromuscular disorders.

79. Botulinum Toxin Type A Therapy For Blepharospasm (Cochrane Review)
    Abstract of a systematic review of the effects of health care prepared by the Cochrane Collaboration.  
    http://www.cochrane.org/cochrane/revabstr/AB004900.htm
    
    Extractions: From The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2005 Botulinum toxin type A therapy for blepharospasm (Cochrane Review) Costa J, Espírito-Santo C, Borges A, Ferreira JJ, Coelho M, Moore P, Sampaio C ABSTRACT What's new in this issue Search abstracts Browse alphabetical list of titles Browse by Review Group A substantive amendment to this systematic review was last made on 25 December 2003. Cochrane reviews are regularly checked and updated if necessary. Background: Blepharospasm is a focal dystonia characterized by chronic intermittent or persistent involuntary eyelid closure due to spasmodic contractions of the orbicularis oculi muscles. Other facial and neck muscles are also frequently involved. Most cases are idiopathic and blepharospasm is generally a life-long disorder. Its severity can range from repeated frequent blinking to persistent forceful closure of the eyelids with functional blindness. Botulinum toxin type A (BtA) is the current first line therapy. Objectives: To determine whether botulinum toxin (BtA) is an effective and safe treatment for blepharospasm. Search strategy: We identified studies for inclusion in the review using the Cochrane Movement Disorders Group trials register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, handsearches of the Movement Disorders Journal and abstracts of international congresses on movement disorders and botulinum toxin, communication with other researchers in the field, reference lists of papers found using above search strategies, and contact with authors and drug manufacturers.

80. Botulinum Toxin Type A Therapy For Blepharospasm
    Botulinum toxin type A local injection therapy for blepharospasm or blepharospasm is a dysfunction of the eyelids showing as involuntary eyelid closure  
    http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab004900.html
    
    Extractions: Access full-text reviews View / sumbit comments Browse reviews by topic Index ... Spanish English The Cochrane Library This is an abstract and plain language summary of a regularly updated, systematic review prepared and maintained by The Cochrane Collaboration. The full text of the review is available in The Cochrane Library (ISSN 1464-780X). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005 Issue 3 Costa J, Espírito-Santo C, Borges A, Ferreira JJ, Coelho M, Moore P, Sampaio C Blepharospasm is a dysfunction of the eyelids showing as involuntary eyelid closure due to spasmodic contractions of eye muscles. Other facial and neck muscles are also frequently involved. It often begins late in life with the severity ranging from repeated frequent blinking of both eyelids to persistent forceful closure and functional blindness. Treatment has included surgery, psychological approaches, biofeedback and drugs. Botulinum toxin type A (BtA) is the current treatment. No randomised controlled trials with sufficient numbers of patients fitted the review criteria. Trials identified found BtA to be superior to placebo as did large case-control and cohort studies, with around 90% of patients benefiting. The most common adverse effects affected the eyes and were short lived.

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