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Basal Ganglia Diseases: more books (74)

Instrumental Methods and Scoring in Extrapyramidal Disorders
Behavioral Neurology of Movement Disorders (Advances in Neurology)
Extrapyramidal Disorders by Pierre Vinken, George Bruyn, 1987-02-01
Extrapyramidal Disorders in Childhood (International Congress)
Psychotropic Drugs and Dysfunctions of the Basal Ganglia: A Multidisciplinary Workshop by George E. Crane, 1969
Papers on hemiballismus and basal ganglia, 1927-1960 by James Purdon Martin, 1960
Function and Dysfunction in the Basal Ganglia (Studies in Neuroscience) by A. J. Franks, James W. Ironside, et all 1990-05
Basal Ganglia. Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease Research Publications Volume 55 by Melvin D., ed Yahr, 1976-01-01
Extrapyramidal Disorders (Journal of Neural Transmission Supplementum)
Hypokinetic Movement Disorders.: An article from: Journal of Neuroscience Nursing by Ellie Borrell, 2000-10-01
Backward inhibition in Parkinson's disease [An article from: Neuropsychologia] by C.L. Fales, Z.F. Vanek, et all
Dopaminergic basis for deficits in working memory but not attentional set-shifting in Parkinson's disease [An article from: Neuropsychologia] by S.J.G. Lewis, A. Slabosz, et all 2005-01

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Map & Graph: Countries By Mortality: Other Degenerative Diseases Of Basal Gangli
Other degenerative diseases of basal ganglia; HallervordenSpatz disease;Progressive supranuclear ophthalmoplegia Steele-Richardson-Olszewski; Striaton
http://www.nationmaster.com/graph-B/mor_oth_deg_dis_of_bas_gan

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Neuropathology Mini-Course
CHAPTER 6 diseases OF THE basal ganglia AND SUBSTANTIA NIGRA. PRETEST Answerswill be found in the text of this chapter
http://www.pathology.vcu.edu/WirSelfInst/BASALGANG.html

Extractions: Presented by William I. Rosenblum, MD CHAPTER 6 DISEASES OF THE BASAL GANGLIA AND SUBSTANTIA NIGRA PRETEST: Answers will be found in the text of this chapter What neurotransmitter is produced in the substantia nigra and where does it go? What color is the normal substantia nigra and why? What happens to the subst nigra grossly and microscopically in Parkinsons disease? What is the inclusion body that characterizes idiopathic Parkinsons and what peptide does it contain? Parkinsons disease maybe accompanied by dementia. What other disease of basal ganglia is characterized by dementia and is hereditary? In the later disease what is the key genetic feature? The key gross change? What disease is associated with excessive copper deposition in brain, eye and liver? In the diseases discussed here, the primary pathology within the brain is located either in the basal ganglia or in the substantia nigra. The student should review the anatomy of these structures. The diseases involving the basal ganglia are Huntington's chorea and Wilson's disease, or hepatolenticular degeneration. The disease involving the substantia nigra is Parkinson's disease. The reason for grouping the latter disease together with the former is simple: the neuronal cell bodies in the substantia nigra are connected via their axons with cell bodies in the basal ganglia. The neurotransmitter released at the synapse in the basal ganglia is DOPamine (dihydroxyphenylethylamine), a catecholamine closely related to norepinephrine, and synthesized in the neurons of the substantia nigra. The transmitter travels in the axons to the basal ganglia. Hence destruction of the nigra results in depletion of DOPamine in the basal ganglia.
AllRefer Health - Basal Ganglia Dysfunction Information
basal ganglia Dysfunction information center covers definition, You are here AllRefer.com Health diseases Conditions basal ganglia Dysfunction
http://health.allrefer.com/health/basal-ganglia-dysfunction.html

Extractions: AllRefer Channels :: Yellow Pages Reference Health Home ... Contact Us Quick Jump ADD/ADHD Allergies Alzheimer's Disease Arthritis Asthma Back Pain Breast Cancer Cancer Colon Cancer Depression Diabetes Gallbladder Disease Heart Attack Hepatitis High Cholesterol HIV/AIDS Hypertension Lung Cancer Menopause Migraines/Headaches Osteoporosis Pneumonia Prostate Cancer SARS Stroke Urinary Tract Infection 1600+ More Conditions Alternative Medicine Health News Symptoms Guide Special Topics ... Medical Encyclopedia A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's accreditation program is the first of its kind, requiring compliance with 53 standards of quality and accountability, verified by independent audit. A.D.A.M. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s
Elsevier.com - Function And Dysfunction In The Basal Ganglia
Psychiatric Aspects of basal ganglia Dysfunction. diseases of the caudate amodel for manic depressive disorder, SE Folstein. basal ganglia dysfunction in
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/product/librarians/29645

Extractions: Home Site map Regional Sites Advanced Product Search ... Function and Dysfunction in the Basal Ganglia Book information Product description Author information and services Ordering information Bibliographic and ordering information Conditions of sale Book related information Submit your book proposal Other books in same subject area About Elsevier Select your view FUNCTION AND DYSFUNCTION IN THE BASAL GANGLIA The contributions in this book integrate knowledge on the structure, function, pathology and clinical manifestations of diseases of the basal ganglia. It comprises an edited version of selected presentations at a conference held on the subject which drew together basic scientists, pharmacologists, pathologists, neurologists, psychologists and psychiatrists from all over the world. The basal ganglia are considered by many to be the crossroads of neurology and psychiatry, and it becomes obvious through this book that understanding thereof will require extensive interdisciplinary collaboration. Research and interest in this part of the brain have been stimulated over recent years by discoveries about the role of subcortical regions in cognitive functions, and the developments of effective treatment for Parkinson's disease. This book thus draws together recent advances and provides an agenda for future research.
TWO DISEASES, ONE HOPE
The cause of neurodegenerative diseases, like PD and HD, is basically a It is indeed a condition due to cell death in the brain (basal ganglia) but is
http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro98/202s98-paper3/Sangaramoothy3.html

Extractions: the Treatment of Parkinson's and Huntington's Disease Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Huntington's Disease (HD) are neurodegenerative diseases that are caused by malfunctions within the motor sector of the nervous system. These malfunctions, which are caused either by the surplus (as in HD) or absence (as in PD) of hormones, are a direct result of neural cell deterioration within the brain. PD and HD illustrate two very different behavioral patterns that are subsequently caused by two opposite and extreme biological abnormalities. Yet the common thread between the two conditions is that there are major mechanical predicaments arising between cellular connections within the brain. Thus, it is the occurrence of cell death that functions as a key link between these two very different diseases. And it is because of this commonality, that the most controversial experimental treatment for PD and HD, fetal transplant surgery, functions as a possible cure for both these diseases. ( ). The cause of neurodegenerative diseases, like PD and HD, is basically a story of how abnormal chemical interactions result in motor problems. Generally speaking, the brain is the body's communication headquarters. It obtains a myriad of information from various parts of the sensory system and processes this information in an organized fashion. It then relays sensory input to different parts of the motor system. Such messages from the brain dictate specific muscular and behavioral patterns. (
Linking Brain And Behavior
Reflections on Neurodegenerative diseases and Fetal Neural Transplantation Since the basal ganglia plays a largely inhibitory role on the spinal motor
http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro98/202s98-paper2/Sangamoorthy2.html

Extractions: This paper reflects the research and thoughts of a student at the time the paper was written for a course at Bryn Mawr College. Like other materials on Serendip , it is not intended to be "authoritative" but rather to help others further develop their own explorations. Web links were active as of the time the paper was posted but are not updated Contribute Thoughts Search Serendip for Other Papers Serendip Home Page Biology 202 ... Reflections on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Fetal Neural Transplantation Neurodegenerative diseases are caused by malfunctions within the motor sector of the nervous system. These malfunctions, which are caused by the presence or absence of hormones, are a direct result of neural cell deterioration within the brain. Thus, biological problems of the brain, or rather predicaments arising between cellular connections within the brain, and the treatment of such conditions, illustrate how the brain organizes movement and behavior The brain is the body's communication headquarters. It obtains a myriad of information from various parts of the sensory system and processes this information in an organized fashion. It then relays sensory input to different parts of the motor system. Such messages from the brain dictate specific muscular and behavioral patterns. Thus, this neural system is highly depended on a cause and effect system, where the slightest offset to the assembly-line fashion of cellular interaction results in major behavioral abnormalities
Glossary - Nervous System Diseases Health Guide
Glossary of medical terms relating to nervous system disorders and diseases. basal ganglia several large clusters of nerve cells, including the
http://www.umm.edu/nervous/glossary.htm

Extractions: Related Resources Within UMM Medical Reference Guide Nervous System Diseases acetylcholine - a chemical in the brain that acts as a neurotransmitter. action tremor - a tremor that increases when the hand is moving voluntarily. activities of daily living (ADLs) - personal care activities necessary for everyday living, such as eating, bathing, grooming, dressing, and toileting; a term often used by healthcare professionals to assess the need and/or type of care a person may require. advance directives - documents (such as a Living Will) completed and signed by a person who is legally competent to explain his or her wishes for medical care should he or she become unable to make those decisions at a later time. agitation - a non-specific symptom of one or more physical, or psychological processes in which vocal or motor behavior (screaming, shouting, complaining, moaning, cursing, pacing, fidgeting, wandering) pose risk or discomfort, become disruptive or unsafe, or interfere with the delivery of care in a particular environment. agonist - a drug that increases neurotransmitter activity by stimulating the dopamine receptors directly.
Basal Ganglia Disorders - Talk Medical
Reliable medical information on basal ganglia Disorders. Talk Medical diseases Disorders basal ganglia Disorders
http://www.talkmedical.com/diseases-disorders/122/Basal-Ganglia-Disorders

Extractions: Tell a friend The basal ganglia are groups of structures within the brain that help with movement. Any condition that affects the function of these structures is a basal ganglia disorder. The basal ganglia are groups of small structures inside the brain. One of the main jobs of these structures is to help with movement. For instance, this part of the brain helps a person start to move. It also affects how fast the person can perform the movement. The basal ganglia are also thought to play a role in thinking and emotions. Symptoms and signs depend on the specific disorder but may include: athetosis, which describes the inability to keep a muscle group in one position. A person with this condition has continuous, slow, writhing movements. These are usually noticed in the arms or legs. chorea, which describes rapid, jerky, forcible, uncontrollable movements. These are also usually noticed in the arms, legs, or face.
UMMS Mind Brain And Behavior 1: Connections Of The Basal Ganglia And Associated
with diseases of the basal ganglia motion, emotion, and cognition). All the connections of the basal ganglia that we will fillin on this diagram
http://courses.umassmed.edu/mbb1/2003/motor_BG/connections_BG.cfm

Extractions: MBB1 Home 1. Reading 2. Pyramidal and Extrapyramidal Divisions 3. Levels of Motor Integration ... 7. The Ventral Striatum Motor System/Basal Ganglia 5. Connections of the Basal Ganglia and Associated "Extrapyramidal" Structures We will begin by considering important connections of the basal ganglia that function in movement. Later we will consider related connections that are likely to play a role in emotion and cognition (recall the trio of problems that are so often associated with diseases of the basal ganglia: motion, emotion, and cognition). First, let's see how six major structures - cerebral cortex primarily of frontal lobe, striatum, globus pallidus externus, globus pallidus internus, motor thalamus, and substantia nigra - are interconnected to provide the input to the pyramidal system. [A piece of terminology: striatum = putamen + caudate + ventral striatum; this last structure will be discussed later on]. KEY IDEA: Connections of the basal ganglia are all unilateral.
UMMS Mind Brain And Behavior 1: Connections Of The Basal Ganglia And Associated
a role in emotion and cognition (recall that diseases of the basal ganglia Below is diagrammed the simplest direct pathway connecting basal ganglia,
http://courses.umassmed.edu/mbb1/2004_2005/Motor_BG/Connections_BG.cfm

Extractions: MBB1 Home 1. Reading 2. Pyramidal and Extrapyramidal Divisions 3. Levels of Motor Integration ... 7. The Ventral Striatum Motor System/Basal Ganglia 5. Connections of the Basal Ganglia and Associated "Extrapyramidal" Structures We will begin by considering important connections of the basal ganglia that function in movement. Later we will consider related connections that are likely to play a role in emotion and cognition (recall that diseases of the basal ganglia often involve problems in not one but three spheres: motion, emotion, and cognition). First, let's see how six major structures - cerebral cortex, putamen, globus pallidus externus, globus pallidus internus, motor thalamus, and substantia nigra - are interconnected in a motor circuit. The cortex involved in the motor circuit includes the motor cortex itself, associated "premotor" and "supplementary motor" areas, and the somatosensory cortex. These parts of the cortex are all directly interconnected, and all send axons into the pyramidal tract. For simplicity, we're going to call all these areas collectively the "movement" cortex. The putamen is one part of a larger structure called the striatum. Its other parts are the caudate and the ventral striatum, and we'll talk more about them when we get to connections of the basal ganglia involved in cognition and emotion. The substantia nigra contains both dopamine and non-dopamine neurons. The dopamine neurons are essential components of the motor circuit.
WE MOVE - Bradykinesia Mechanism
The basal ganglia are a set of structures buried deep within the brain that areinvolved However, many childhood degenerative diseases, including the
http://www.wemove.org/bradykinesia/bra_mec.html

Extractions: E-mail: wemove@wemove.org Damage to the basal ganglia may produce different movement disorders, including dystonia, chorea, athetosis, or parkinsonism. Loss of dopamine activity seems to "turn down the volume" on the basal ganglia, so that movements become slow and difficult to initiate. The performance of rapidly sequenced or repetitive movements may be particularly difficult. In the most severe cases, the child is unable to initiate any movement and becomes frozen in place. A remarkable feature of parkinsonism is that often a sensory stimulus, such as a line on the ground that must be stepped over or a ball that must be caught, may lead to the very rapid and appropriate initiation of movement. Therefore, the primary problem in parkinsonism seems to be with self-generated, voluntary movements and children may move faster when they are responding to something in the environment outside themselves. In the adult and juvenile forms of Parkinson's disease (PD), cells in the substantia nigra start to die. These two disorders probably have many causes. In some cases, the adult form of PD has been linked to a dominant mutation in the gene for alpha-synuclein. The juvenile form has been linked to recessive mutations in the parkin genes. In both cases, these lead to a progressive decrease of dopamine in the striatum of the basal ganglia. Symptoms do not occur until substantial portions of the cells have died; in some studies, up to 70% of these cells die before the onset of symptoms. In adults, parkinsonism is sometimes caused by strokes in the substantia nigra or striatum; this would be a very unusual in a child.
Basal Ganglia Research | Home
This is the home page of the laboratory of basal ganglia research at the medical as Parkinson s and Huntington s diseases has been known for many years.
http://basalganglia.huji.ac.il/default.htm

Extractions: home personnel projects publications ... search the site The critical role played by the basal ganglia in the pathogenesis of various movement disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases has been known for many years. Recent studies have indicated that the neural networks of the basal ganglia participate in everyday complex behaviors that require coordination between cognition, motivation and movements. Our research is therefore aimed at both directions. First, we try to provide better understanding of the role and way of action of the basal ganglia-cortical networks in normal behavior, and secondly we are studying these networks following the induction of clinical disorders such as Parkinson's disease and dyskinesia. Our group is the only group worldwide that has been able to record the simultaneous activity of several neurons in the basal ganglia of awake, normal, Parkinsonian and dyskinetic monkeys and to combine this data with insights from the field of neural networks and computational neuroscience. Our belief is that only through such broad and interdisciplinary understanding we will be able to provide better methods for diagnosis, follow-up and therapy of these common devastating human diseases. Bergman H., Wichmann T. and DeLong M.R. Reversal of Experimental Parkinsonism by Lesions of the Subthalamic Nucleus.
Leonid L. Rubchinsky, Ph.D.
Networks and Physiology of basal ganglia in Health and Parkinsons diseases . My current research is concentrated on the dynamics of basal ganglia
http://snri.iusm.iu.edu/rubchinsky.htm

Extractions: I work on the development of biophysically-based models of basal ganglia motor control, which connect the cellular biophysics with the motor program execution and, thus, behavior. The modeling makes it possible to study basal ganglia motor control with mathematical and numerical methods. One cannot easily predict how a changes in the kinetics of several channels or changes in the circuitry (changes that result from the loss of dopaminergic innervation) will affect the behavior of a network composed of many neurons, particularly across several nuclei with various patterns of connectivity. This is where biophysically-based modeling not only helps to integrate and interpret current data, but also can suggest future experiments or potential therapy strategies. Ultimately, both modeling and data analysis research should be advanced to the level at which model networks will be able to adequately describe complex dynamics of synchronization observed in vivo. Understanding of basal ganglia dynamics may open the way for developing treatment techniques, such as novel deep brain stimulation techniques, which would be a low-amplitude control of pathological basal ganglia dynamics. This approach can be potentially extended to other types of neuronal systems.
Demyelinating Diseases
The primary demyelinating disease is multiple sclerosis, but many other metabolicand There is relative sparing of the posterior fossa, basal ganglia,
http://spinwarp.ucsd.edu/NeuroWeb/Text/br-840.htm

Extractions: MR imaging is exquisitely sensitive for detecting brain abnormalities. Particularly in the evaluation of white matter diseases, MR far outperforms any other imaging technique. Lesions that may be quite subtle or even invisible on CT are often clearly seen on the MR scan. The MR signal characteristics of white matter lesions are similar and relatively nonspecific, but other distinguishing features are often present to assist in diagnosis, such as the pattern of the abnormality, location, and enhancement features. The white matter is affected by many disease processes. The primary demyelinating disease is multiple sclerosis, but many other metabolic and inflammatory disorders result in deficient or abnormal myelination. Histologically, myelin abnormalities are either demyelinating or dysmyelinating. Demyelination implies destruction of myelin. Dysmyelination refers to defective formation or maintenance of myelin resulting from dysfunction of the oligodendrocytes. Most of the dysmyelinating disorders are caused by metabolic defects that present in infancy. White matter diseases in older children and adults are generally demyelinating or a combination of the two processes. NORMAL WHITE MATTER The white matter of the brain is located in the central and subcortical regions of the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres and accounts for about 60 % of the total brain volume. The white matter includes the major commissural tracts, the cortical association fibers, and all the cortical afferent and efferent fibers. Histologically, the white matter contains nerve fibers, supporting cells, interstitial space, and vascular structures. White matter consists mostly of axons with their envelope of myelin, along with two types of neuroglia - oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. Axons are extensions of neurons that reside within the gray matter of the brain, spinal cord, and ganglia. The myelin is produced and maintained by oligodendrocytes. Myelin functions as an insulator of the axons, and its structure facilitates rapid transmission of impulses.
Thomas Jefferson University - Farber Institute For Neurosciences
Families Specific diseases Movement Disorders basal ganglia Because the medium spiny neurons of the basal ganglia are so critical to so many
http://www.jefferson.edu/fin/patients/basal.cfm

Extractions: menuColor="#828DA5" menuColorOn="#CCCC99" fontColorOn="#336666" fontColorOff="#FFFFFF" lineColor = "#828DA5" menuBorder = "#CCCCCC" menuColor_leftMenu="#CCCC99" menuColorOn_leftMenu="#660000" menuColorOn_leftMenu_N="#FFFFFF" fontColorOn_leftMenu="#FFFFFF" fontColorOff_leftMenu="#660000" lineColor_leftMenu = "#CCCC99" menuBorder_leftMenu = "#660000" spacer="" University Home Hospital Pulse Employment ... News document.write(leftObjDiv) document.write('@ Jefferson . . .' + optionList + '') Specific Diseases Movement Disorders The Basal Ganglia and Movement Disorders Virtually every movement disorder, as well as many neuropsychiatric conditions, can be traced to a region of the brain called the basal ganglia, which includes five discrete structures made up of tightly bundled clusters of cells that are interconnected via complex nerve pathways. Farber's Michelle Ehrlich, M.D., and colleagues are studying these pathways in animal models of Huntington's disease and dystonia to understand the mechanisms underlying these and other diseases, and to identify possible targets for manipulating the pathways with therapeutic agents. Huntington's, dystonia and other movement disorders specifically affect the function of neurons in an area of the basal ganglia called the striatum. The vast majority of neurons in the striatum are a distinct cell type called medium-size spiny neurons (MSNs), so named because of the dense âspinesâ that appear all along their axons, the fine nerve fibers that communicate with other nerve cells. These cells may hold the key to understanding what goes wrong in movement disorders and how they might be treated.
UR Faculty: Suzanne N. Haber
Research basal ganglia and Degenerative diseases The basal ganglia comprisesa diverse group of structures involved in motor control,
http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/GEBS/faculty/suzanne_haber.htm
Jonathan W. Mink, M.D., Ph.D., Strong Children's Research Center
It is well known that children with diseases involving the basal ganglia haveabnormal body postures, slowing of movement, involuntary movements,
http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/scrc/MEMBERS-MENTORS/mink.htm

Extractions: Fax: (585) 275-3683: E-Mail: Jonathan_Mink@urmc.rochester.edu Ongoing experiments include several lines of research into normal basal ganglia function and the pathophysiology of involuntary movements following basal ganglia damage. 1) We are investigating the pathophysiology of dystonia and parkinsonism by studying the activity of basal ganglia neurons in these conditions. 2) We are using quantitative motion analysis to investigate the pathophysiology of chorea in children. 3) We are using quantitative motion analysis and electromyography to investigate the pathophysiology of dystonia in children. 4) We are investigating normal basal ganglia function by studying neuronal activity in the supplementary motor cortex before and during inactivation of the basal ganglia output. 5) We are collaborating with colleagues at Washington University to investigate the mechanism by which deep brain stimulation improves essential tremor and Parkinson disease. Selected References Bastian AJ, Kelly VE, Revilla FJ, Perlmutter JS, Mink JW. Different effects of unilateral versus bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation on walking and reaching in Parkinson disease. Mov Disord, 2003;18:1008-1017.
Tutorials In Neuroscience
Please write essays on the following basal ganglia topics (I dont mind who Neuronal cell transplantation for Parkinson s and Huntington s diseases.
http://users.ox.ac.uk/~mjawood/basal ganglia.htm

Extractions: Tutorials in Neuroscience Essay and presentation Please write essays on the following basal ganglia topics (I dont mind who does which), and be prepared to discuss (present) your topic for 15 minutes to educate and inform your colleagues. Overhead projector, whiteboard and any other aids you might need will be available. WHAT DO WE UNDERSTAND OF THE STRUCTURE (INCLUDING MICROSTRUCTURE) AND FUNCTION OF THE BASAL GANGLIA? Smith, A. D. and Bolam, J. P. (1990) "The neural network of the basal ganglia as revealed by the study of synaptic connections of identified neurones." Trends Neurosci Smith, Y., M. D. Bevan, et al. (1998). Microcircuitry of the direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia. Neuroscience WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY OF PARKINSONS DISEASE? Accelerated in vitro fibril formation by a mutant alpha-synuclein linked to early-onset Parkinson disease. Nat Med. 1998; 4:1318-20 ( article Genetic dissection of familial Parkinson's disease. Mol Med Today. 1998: 4: 438-44. Understanding cell death in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol. 1998; 44(3 Suppl 1):S72-84. Review.
Speech Monitoring Cognitive And Personality Alterations
PD, which affects basal ganglia function, impairs motor control but also These include not only neurodegenerative diseases but also the results of acute
http://www.nsbri.org/Research/Projects/viewsummary.epl?pid=114
Health/Conditions And Diseases/Neurological Disorders/Brain Diseases/Basal Gangl
An article about the basal ganglia. url www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/medicine/anatomy/amygjb mozilla.org url www.mozilla.org/; Wikipedia
http://www.thedoctorslounge.net/dir/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Neurological_

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