41. Phoenix Ancient Art - Home Page, Hicham Aboutaam, Ali Aboutaam Features Greek, Roman, mesopotamian, Egyptian, Central European, Byzantine and Islamic antiquities. Located in Geneva. http://www.phoenixancientart.com

Enter and visit us Click to browse antiquities Contact information Visit our New York or Geneva Galleries Investing in antiquities 6000 Years of Jewels

42. Ziggurat Ziggurats were templetowers used in mesopotamian religions, being the foremost religious edifice. They were the pyramidal mounds of the mesopotamians the http://www.crystalinks.com/ziggurat.html

Ziggurats were a form of temple common to the Sumerians, Babylonians and Assyrians. The earliest examples date from the end of the third millenium BC, the latest from the 6th century. BC The ziggurat was a pyramidal structure, built in receding tiers upon a rectangular, oval, or square platform, with a shrine at the summit. The core of the ziggurat was of sun-baked bricks, and the facings were of fired bricks, often glazed in different colors, which are thought to have had cosmological significance. Access to the summit shrine was provided by a series of ramps on one side or by a continuous spiral ramp from base to summit. The number of tiers ranged from two to seven. Notable examples are the ruins at Ur and Khorsabad in Mesopotamia. Similar structures were built by the Mayan people of Central America. - Encyclopedia.com Ziggurats were temple-towers used in Mesopotamian religions, being the foremost religious edifice. They were the pyramidal mounds of the Mesopotamians the civilization that supposedly spanned from a timeline prior to the ancient Egyptians and their great pyramid monuments. All were built with specific places aligned to the heavens and based on the geometry of the land and grid points of energy on planet Earth. The Egyptian built Step Pyramids resembling ziggurats.

43. Sumerian Language Page Halloran lexicon of Sumerian, paper analyzing the protolanguage, and other mesopotamian-related sites. http://www.sumerian.org/sumerian.htm

Sumerian Language Page Sumerian Lexicon The Proto-Sumerian Language Invention Process Symbolic Counting Tokens from the Early Near East Map of Sumerian Neolithic and Chalcolithic Archaeological Sites ... Ancient Near East Books from Undena Publications This page maintained by: John A. Halloran P.O. Box 75713 Los Angeles, CA 90075 U.S.A. E-MAIL: jah7@pacbell.net Last modified on June 12, 2005. http://www.sumerian.org/sumerian.htm You are Visitor: since August 25th, 1999

44. Mesopotamia The capitol CityState of the mesopotamian Civilization was Ur - Uruk 3500 BC. These now dominate the flat mesopotamian plain and, when abandoned by http://www.crystalinks.com/meso.html

MESOPOTAMIA The word 'Mesopotamia' is in origin a Greek name (mesos `middle' and 'potamos' - 'river' so `land between the rivers'). Mesopotamia is the oldest known civilization. It is said that Mesopotamia was the place of the legendary 'Garden of Eden'. Mesopotamia is the name is used for the area watered by the Euphrates and Tigris and its tributaries, roughly comprising modern Irak and part of Syria. South of modern Bagdad, the alluvial plains of the rivers was called the land of Sumer and Akkad in the third millennium. The name does not refer to any particular civilization using that name. Over the course of several millennia, many civilizations developed, collapsed, and were replaced in this fertile region. The history of the land and its people dates back more than to 7,000 BC. Mesopotamia has no natural boundaries and is difficult to defend. The influence of neighboring countries is large. Throughout the history of Mesopotamia trade contacts, slow diffusion of foreign tribes and military confrontations have been of great influence. Mesopotamia - the cradle of civilization - the land between the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers, it is said, hosted the legendary Garden of Eden - if it existed anywhere. To emphasize this the ancient village of Al-Qurna singled out a tree ("Adam's tree") with a sign - in Arabic and English. On this holy spot where the Tigris meets the Euphrates this holy tree of our father Adam grew symbolizing the Garden of Eden. Abraham prayed here 2,000 years B.C.

45. Giorgio Buccellati Brief profile of this University of California, Los Angeles, Emeritus Professor. Research interests include the excavation of late prehistoric and early historic sites in Syromesopotamian, Anatolia, and the Caucasus. http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/ioa/buccellati.htm

Giorgio Buccellati with co-director of Urkesh excavations, Marilyn Kelly-Buccellati (California State University, Los Angeles) Giorgio Buccellati Professor, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Cultures, Department of History, UCLA Ph.D., University of Chicago, 1965 buccella@ucla.edu A311 Fowler, " Tell Mozan/Urkesh is one of the largest, INTERESTS Stratigraphic theory; application of structural methods of analysis to specific aspects of ancient culture, and in particular to language (Akkadian and Amorite); political institutions; religious experience; literary expression; Syro-Mesopotamia in the third and second millennium BC LINKS Near Eastern Archaeology Magazine Cover Article: A Channel to the Underworld in Syria Urkesh Website Backdirt Article: Beyond Clay and Beyond Paper ... Article in Le Monde de la Bible Clay head of bearded man (Royal Storehouse, Mozan, ca. 2300 BC). About the Cotsen Institute Graduate Program Research K-12 ... Search To comment on any aspect of this page, send e-mail to

46. OPTIONS: MESOPOTAMIAN ARCHAEOLOGY OPTIONS mesopotamian ARCHAEOLOGY. Title mesopotamian archaeology; an introduction to the archaeology of Babylonia and Assyria, by Percy SP Handcock. http://fax.libs.uga.edu/DS69x5xH236M/

Click the title to go to a full screen view of: MESOPOTAMIAN ARCHAEOLOGY or search it with the tool linked HERE Author: Handcock, Percy Stuart Peache. Title: Mesopotamian archaeology ; an introduction to the archaeology of Babylonia and Assyria, by Percy S.P. Handcock. Publisher: New York, Putnam, 1912. Description: Book xvi, 423 p. illus., 33 plates, fold. map. 23 cm. LC Subject(s): Iraq Antiquities. Notes: Bibliography: p. 406-407. Call Number: DS69.5 .H236M Link Resource: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/ugafax/DS69x5xH236M No image? http://www.lizardtech.com/plugin Then you need the DjVu plugin! MESOPOTAMIAN ARCHAEOLOGY (in the same browser window) View it with Adobe Acrobat Reader or open source DjVu desktop viewers (no DjVu plug-in required) View it with JAVA (no DjVu plug-in required) SEARCH ALL TITLES First Page Preserving the foundation of knowledge The University of Georgia Libraries Title Menu

47. History Of Astrology - Part 2 A historical view of mesopotamian Astrology. http://accessnewage.com/articles/astro/rhist2.htm

The History of Astrology Another View by Robert Hand Part II Mesopotamian Astrology First Stages In the beginning Mesopotamian astrology was much like that of other cultures, a simple examination of the heavens for omens that might affect the kingdom. Often these observations of omens would include weather phenomena intermixed with true astronomical ones. What made the Mesopotamians different is that they began at an early time to make systematic observations of phenomena with an eye to finding regular patterns in the heavens that might correlate with patterns in human events. According to Van der Waerden (Science Awakening, Vol. II, Oxford Univ. Press) the earliest astronomical writings known in Mesopotamia are from the old Babylonian period, roughly the time of Hammurabi. It is not known whether the Sumerians were involved in astronomical studies or not, but it would seem plausible that they were. There are also some writings which refer to the Akkadian period and which may date from about 2300 B.C.E. Here is an example of one of these early writings. If Venus appears in the East in the month Airu and the Great and Small Twins surround her, all four of them, and she is dark, then

48. Mesopotamian Law Readings - Bernard Hibbitts Albert Goetze, mesopotamian Laws and the Historian , 69 Journal of the American Meir Malul, Studies of Legal Symbolic Acts in mesopotamian Law, http://www.law.pitt.edu/hibbitts/meso.htm

Also available: Ancient Law Course Description / Ancient Law Connections Required Reading Cyrus H. Gordon, The Ancient Near East E.A. Speiser, "Early Law and Civilization", in Collected Writings J.J. Finkelstein, "Law in the Ancient Near East", 5 Encyclopedia Biblica (1968), reprinted in Jewish Law and Decision-Making: A Study Through Time (Aaron M. Schreiber, ed., 1979) J.N. Postgate, "Laws and the Law", in Early Mesopotamia: Society and Economy at the Dawn of History Theodore J. Meek, trans., "The Code of Hammurabi", in Ancient Near Eastern Texts (J. Pritchard, ed., 1955) Jean Bottero, "The Code' of Hammurabi", in Mesopotamia, Writing, Reasoning and the Gods Recommended Reading Fadhil A. Ali, "Blowing the Horn for Official Announcement", 20 Sumer G.R. Driver and J.C. Miles, The Babylonian Laws Veysel Donbaz, "A Middle Babylonian Legal Document Raising Problems in Kassite Chronology", 41 Journal of Near Eastern Studies B.L.Eichler, "Literary Structure in the Laws of Eshnunna", in

49. Tripod | Error A modern revelation channeled from an ancient Sumerianmesopotamian supreme being. http://taospirit55.tripod.com/

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/membererror" Search: Tripod the Web: Lycos the Web: HotBot for Audio for Video Lycos Shop Webmonkey help HOME TOOLS HOST ... MY ACCOUNT Unavailable Tripod Directory The Tripod site you are trying to reach does not have a recognized start page ( index.html ). You have received this error page because Tripod does not allow the automatic listing of directory or subdirectory contents. Are You the Owner of this Tripod Site? If you want your site (and its files) to be accessible to visitors, you must create an index.html page or direct visitors to an alternate main page. If you're a new Tripod member and have not built a site, you'll need to create at least one page ( index.html ) before your site is accessible to visitors. Tripod offers two site-building tools: Site Builder (quick and easy, no HTML skill required) and FreeFrom (HTML editor). You can also use the HTML editor of your choice. For more information, visit Tripod Help BUILDING TOOLS Site Builder Easy, quick building!

50. Mesopotamia European Centre for Upper mesopotamian Studies Centre Européen de Recherches sur la Haute Two Odonata Citations in Ancient mesopotamian Literature http://www.theology.edu/mespotam.htm

MESOPOTAMIAN MATERIALS ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES INSTITUTIONS MUSEUMS AND COLLECTIONS LANGUAGE - PHILOLOGY - TEXTS - TRANSLATIONS ... RESOURCES LISTED ALPHABETICALLY BY AUTHOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES Adab Banks, Edgar James: Bismya or The Lost City of Adab. (Scanned from the University of Chicago Regenstein Library copy of the New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1912 edition of the book, ex libris Robert Francis Harper, with marginalia in an unidentified hand). Tell Afis Venturi, Fabrizio: Mission archŽologique de Tell Afis (Syrie), campagne 1996 . (Orient-Express: 1997/1 - mars) Arslantepe-Malatya Frangipane, Marcella: Scavi ad Arslantepe-Malatya, 1996. (Orient-Express: 1997/1 - mars) The Tall-E Bakun Project Reports Bakhtiari Mountains (Iran) Bakhtiari Archaeological Finds Balikh Valley (Syria) The Archaeological Landscape of the Balikh Valley: 1994-95 Annual Report A Balikh Prospect: (This article originally appeared in The Oriental Institute News and Notes, No. 147, Fall 1995, and is made available electronically with the permission of the editor.) Tell Barri (Syria) Pecorella, P. E.: La missione archeologica italiana a Tell Barri (Siria) - 1996.

51. The Sons Of God Looking at early Sumerian and mesopotamian myths regarding the Watchers. http://www.mystae.com/restricted/streams/scripts/watchers.html

Winged Disk, Persepolis, Iran The Sons of God (1) The Sumerian Watchers "...Man and his early civilizations had a profoundly different mentality from our own, that in fact men and women were not conscious as are we, were not responsible for their actions, and therefore cannot be given the credit or blame for anything that was done over these vast millennia of time; that instead each person had a part of his nervous system that was divine, by which he was ordered about like any slave, a voice or voices which indeed were what we call volition and empowered what they commanded and were related to the hallucinated voices of others in a carefully established hierarchy." "...The astonishing consistency from Egypt to Peru, from Ur to Yucatan, wherever civilizations arose, of death practices and idolatry, of divine government and hallucinated voices, all are witness to the idea of a different mentality than our own." "The gods were in no sense 'figments of the imagination' of anyone. They were man's volition. They occupied his nervous system, probably his right hemisphere, and from stores of admonitory and receptive experience, transmuted this experience into articulated speech which then 'told' the man what to do." "Throughout Mesopotamia, from the earliest times of Sumer and Akkad, all lands were owned by gods and men were their slaves. Of this, the cuneiform texts leave no doubt whatever. Each city-state had its own principal god, and the king was described in the very earliest written documents that we have as 'the tenant farmer of the god'."

52. MEDICINE IN ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA Another important consideration for the study of ancient mesopotamian medicine is Whether or not ancient mesopotamian medicine passed on a legacy that http://www.indiana.edu/~ancmed/meso.HTM

MEDICINE IN ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA Historical Background Mesopotamian Medicine: The Sources Mesopotamian Concepts of Disease and Healing Mesopotamian Medical Practitioners Regardless of the risks associated with performing surgery, at least four clay tablets have survived that describe a specific surgical procedure. Unfortunately, one of the four tablets is too fragmentary to be deciphered. Of the remaining three, one seems to describe a procedure in which the asu cuts into the chest of the patient in order to drain pus from the pleura. The other two surgical texts belong to the collection of tablets entitled "Prescriptions for Diseases of the Head." One of these texts mentions the knife of the asu scraping the skull of the patient. The final surgical tablet mentions the postoperative care of a surgical wound. This tablet recommends the application of a dressing consisting mainly of sesame oil, which acted as an anti-bacterial agent. Other Sources of Health Care Beyond the role of the ashipu and the asu, there were other means of procuring health care in ancient Mesopotamia. One of these alternative sources was the Temple of Gula. Gula, often envisioned in canine form, was one of the more significant gods of healing. While excavations of temples dedicated to Gula have not revealed signs that patients were housed at the temple while they were treated (as was the case with the later temples of Asclepius in Greece), these temples may have been sites for the diagnosis of illness. In his book Illness and Health Care in the Ancient Near East: the Role of the Temple in Greece, Mesopotamia, and Israel, Hector Avalos states that not only were the temples of Gula sites for the diagnosis of illness (Gula was consulted as to which god was responsible for a given illness), but that these temples were also libraries that held many useful medical texts.

53. Lesson: Mesopotamia (Women In World History Curriculum) Discussion, analysis of mesopotamian cuneiform tablets and artifacts to define women's lives in ancient Mesopotamia from Women in World History curriculum. http://www.womeninworldhistory.com/lesson2.html

Classroom Lesson Series Ancient Tablets, Ancient Graves: Accessing Women's Lives in Mesopotamia womeninworldhistory.com This lesson is in response to a communication from a Napa, California teacher who says that her textbook is "woefully remiss in including roles, contributions and lives of women" in Mesopotamia. Can this statement be made about your textbook too? In general, women's rights in Mesopotamia were not equal to those of men. But in early periods women were free to go out to the marketplaces, buy and sell, attend to legal matters for their absent men, own their own property, borrow and lend, and engage in business for themselves. High status women, such as priestesses and members of royal families, might learn to read and write and be given considerable administrative authority. Numerous powerful goddesses were worshiped; in some city states they were the primary deities. Women's position varied between city-states and changed over time. There was an enormous gap between the rights of high and low status women (almost half the population in the late Babylonian period were slaves), and female power and freedom sharply diminished during the Assyrian era. The first evidence of laws requiring the public veiling of elite women come from this period. Read the following excerpts gleaned from Mesopotamian cuneiform tablets and artifacts. Then find the sentence, phrase or idea that shows:

54. Ancient Mesopotamia By History Link 101 mesopotamian Art Lesson Brief look at mesopotamian Art with links for mesopotamian Cities and Farming - Raw research notes on the development of http://www.historylink101.com/ancient_mesopotamia.htm

Ancient Mesopotamia History Link 101's Ancient Mesopotamia page connects you to the best of Art, Biographies, Daily Life, Maps, Pictures, and Research on Ancient Mesopotamia. City of Babylon Code of Hummurabi Judaism and other Mesopotamian Religions Other Daily Life Sites Metropolitan Museum Mesopotamian Art Assyrian Gallery Near East Galleries Ishtar Gate Picture Picture Tour of Jerusalem Sumerian Cities Other Pictures Political Maps Mesopotamia Empire of Sargon Extensive History of Mesopotamian Cultures Code of Hummurabi Dead Sea Scrolls Gilgamesh Story Mythology Archaeology Timelines Abraham, Hummurabi, and Cryus the Great Other Biblical Biographies Mesopotamian Art Lesson - Brief look at Mesopotamian Art with links for further study, bibliography, and follow-up questions. Mesopotamian Cities and Farming - Raw research notes on the development of cities and farms in Ancient Mesopotamian. Visit Our Sponsor New - Greek Mythology Other Picture Galleries China Egyptian Greek India ... Turkey Other New Areas Egyptian Religion Section The Ancient Romans Cultures - Time Periods Prehistory Africa China Egypt ... Home By Subject History of Art Biographies Farming and Cities Games ... About the Author Web historylink101.com

55. Roj TV International Kurdish broadcasting, about the mesopotamian history, culture, arts and news. In nine languages. http://www.roj.tv/

Sitemiz bakim için bir sureligine kapatilmistir. Kendi Bilgisayarinizda Roj TV'yi izlemek için Roj TV Live programini indirip yukleyebilirsiniz veya buraya tiklayarak izleyebilirsiniz

56. Mesopotamian Art Lesson Lesson on mesopotamian (Near Eastern) Art. The lesson has follow up questions and additional links are included to follow for more study and pictures. http://www.historylink101.com/lessons/art_history_lessons/mesopotamian_art_lesso

Mesopotamian Art Lesson The following is a lesson on Mesopotamian (Near Eastern) Art. The lesson has follow-up questions and additional links are included for more study and illustrations. Unlike their southern neighbors, the Mesopotamian area was in conflict between warring nations very frequently. This area also required much more maintenance of their agriculture systems. Because of these and other factors, this area had a more limited development of art as compared to Egypt. Most of the cultures in the Mesopotamian area were polytheistic. In Sumerian cities they built ziggurats for their worship. A ziggurat is a step pyramid with a temple at the top. Normally each city would have one main ziggurat dedicated to the cities special god. Rich people in the city would build small temples for worship also. Sculptures in this area often showed long beards on the peoples faces. The long beard represented power in their society. Most reliefs and paintings would tell stories of battles or proclaimed the power of the ruler. Mesopotamian sculptures also included mythical creatures at times. Some of the sculpted reliefs had cuneiform writing on the pictures. Images which follow: 1) Standard of Ur - British Museum 2) Relief sculpture 3) Lion leading to Ishtar's Gate Visit Our Sponsor New - Greek Mythology Other Picture Galleries China Egyptian Greek India ... Turkey Other New Areas Egyptian Religion Section The Ancient Romans Cultures - Time Periods Prehistory Africa China Egypt ... Home By Subject

57. Journal Of Cuneiform Studies Presents technical and general articles on the history and languages of the ancient mesopotamian and Anatolian literate cultures. English, French, and German. Index. http://www.asor.org/pubs/jcs/jcs.html

Founded in 1947 by the Baghdad School of the American Schools of Oriental Research, the Journal of Cuneiform Studies JCS ) presents technical and general articles on the history and languages of the ancient Mesopotamian and Anatolian literate cultures. Articles appear in English, French, and German. Published once a year; circa 144 pages per issue. Editor: Piotr Michalowski Associate Editors: Gary Beckman Elizabeth Carter Piotr Steinkeller Matthew Stolper Managing Editor: Billie Jean Collins Instructions for Contributors Current Issue Back Issues Volume 54, 2002 Volume 53, 2001 Volume 52, 2000 Volume 51, 1999 ... Subscription Information

58. Gonur Tepe - A Visit To Bronze Age Turkmenistan The work of excavation and analysis of this contemporary of the mesopotamian and Indus Valley civilizations has been accomplished by the Margianan Archeological Expedition. http://www.anahitagallery.com/aharch01.html

Anahita Gallery, Inc. art articles View of the palace complex at Gonur North. At the right, diggers shovel loosened earth from the pits to expose the ancient mud-brick walls. Zoom Gonur Tepe - A Visit to Bronze Age Turkmenistan click on any image to enlarge Zoom Bronze belt stud, 2200-1800 BC, Northern Afghanistan Bronze Age, depicting a winged female figure poised between two griffins. Only in the last quarter century, has the culture of Bronze Age Central Asia become widely known in the West. Since 1972, the work of excavation and analysis of this contemporary of the Mesopotamian and Indus Valley civilizations has in large part been accomplished by the Margianan Archeological Expedition, directed today by the Russian archeologist Victor Sarianidi. Dr. Sarianidi's recent work has focused on the Late Bronze Age sites, dating to the first half of the second millennium BC, located in the ancient delta of the Murgab River, in the southeastern part of present day Turkmenistan. Gonur Tepe was the largest of dozens of scattered Bronze Age sites established here in the early second millennium. Gonur appears to have served as an administrative and religious center for the region, and as a hub for long distance trade. Its sophisticated, monumental architecture, and elegant material remains in art and ornament indicate the high culture achieved before a variety of factors led to the movement of its peoples further south and east. A recent trip to the site brought Kate and Jane Fitz Gibbon first to Ashkabad, capital of Turkmenistan, then five hours northeast by paved road to Mary, and finally, across the open desert in an antique Russian military vehicle

59. ASOR's Baghdad And Damascus Committees The committee offers the mesopotamian Fellowship for researchers studying the The Littoral Foundations of the Sumerian State Southern mesopotamian http://www.asor.org/bagdam.html

The Baghdad and Damascus Committees of ASOR ASOR committees focusing on work in Syria and Iraq have been functioning for decades to coordinate American research efforts in these countries while actual Institutes are not possible. Committee members include scholars from around the country. The Baghdad Committee (whose formal name is the Committee on Mesopotamian Civilization) oversees the production of the Journal of Cuneiform Studies , has published a newsletter on archaeological and other research in Iraq, has coordinated field projects throughout Iraq, and for a period of time had an Institute functioning in Baghdad. The committee offers the Mesopotamian Fellowship for researchers studying the region, through the generosity of the James B. Nies bequest. Review the recent efforts of ASOR members and staff to help rebuild archaeology in Iraq on our Iraq information page or read a history of ASOR's Baghdad School which operated in Iraq from 1923-1969. The Damascus Committee has been functioning for a shorter period of time. It serves as a clearinghouse for information on projects in Syria, expedites research work in that country as much as possible, supports the excavation of a key ancient site at Tell Qarqur in the Orontes River Valley, and has provided a newsletter for interested researchers.

60. UTARP A multiyear excavation and survey project aimed at defining archaeological correlates of ancient imperialism, colonialism and culture contact in the mesopotamian frontier zone. http://www.utarp.org/

Upper Tigris Archaeological Research Project Overview Maps Reports Upper Tigris Archaeological Research Project Overview Maps Reports ... Contact

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 3     41-60 of 138    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  | Next 20