61. Islam-Online Web Site - Your Source To The World Of Islam! Communication Center Is it incombant upon common Muslims to be a mogallid of one of the four mazhabs?Some of the scholars view that to be the best policy, as the four Imams http://www.islamonline.net/livefatwa/english/Browse.asp?hGuestID=0599kk

62. Resume Wizard C. mazhabs INTERNATIONAL CONSULTANTS LIMITED. 2002 ‘The Role of Farmers Associationsin Agricultural Development’ A paper presented at a workshop on Rural http://www.kanoonline.com/ibrahimado/

Curriculum Vitae of Ibrahim Ado-Kurawa Phone 08037034496 • e-mail majekarofi@yahoo.com Office: Pilot Project Services (Rural Development Consultants c/o Tradco Nigeria Limited Mai Tangaran House Trade Fair Complex off Zoo Road Kano) CURRENT POSITIONS Independent Scholar and writer Kano, Nigeria Education 1993 MASTER OF SCIENCE (ZOOLOGY) APPLIED ENTOMOLOLGY Bayero University, Kano 1988 BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS) APPLIED BIOLOGY Bayero University, Kano 1983-85 FOREIGN MISSIONS INSTITUTE, AL-AZHAR UNIVERSITY CAIRO 1983-85 1981-82 INTERIM JOINT MATRICULATION BOARD EXAMINATION School of Basic Studies, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria 1981-82 Awards received Rockefeller Foundation Resident Fellow (Villa Serbelloni) Bellagio Italy April-May 2002 Federal Government Scholar 1990-91 Faisal Islamic Bank Scholarship, 1983-85 The Best Academic Performance (1 st Prize) Form Five Arts, 1980-81 Federal Government College Warri Professional Experience n Convener Seminar on Land Security for Sustainable Rural Development July 2002 Convened for Kano State Government’s Local Government Service Commission n n Adviser, Phoenix Television Documentary on the Shari’ah in Nigeria for South African Broadcasting Corporation April 2000

63. Is Tarâwîh Salâh 20 Raka'ât? In this book, he has not only found fault with the salâh of all four mazhabs,but he has even found errors of the salâh of the Salafis. http://www.islamsa.org.za/library/pamphlets/is_taraawih_salaah_20_raka.htm

Is Tarâwîh Salâh 20 Raka'ât? Compiled by Moulana Ebrahim Kadwa Attested by Allamah Khalid Mahmood Saheb, Director Islamic Academy, Manchester, UK. Introduction Ahle Hadîth sect (or Salafis ) also reject the fact that there is an additional prayer in Ramadân. Their belief is that tahajjud salât which is performed during the latter portion of the night was brought forward in Ramadân. Thus there is no addition in Ramadân. (The Ahle Hadith are a sect that do not ascribe to any mazhab nor do they follow any particular Imam. They claim to derive their rules directly from the hadith. Another name used for this sect is Ghair Muqallideen. The Salafis also hold similar beliefs. The term Ahle Hadith used in this book refers in general to all those who hold such beliefs) (It is interesting to not that Mia Nazir Husain Delhwi, the firts notable scholar of the Ahle Hadith sect remarked to Moulana Thanaullah Amritsari that the Ahle Hadith are small Shias due to the disrespect created by not adopting the taqlid of the Imaams. See Tarikh Ahle Hadith by Moulana Muhammad Ibrahim) According to them, Nabî (

64. The Islamic Responsibility Towards The Sick The other mazhabs prohibit it on account of the latter reason. Therefore, itcould be used externally because it is pure according to them. http://www.islamsa.org.za/library/pamphlets/islamic_responsibility_towards_the_s

The Islamic Responsibility Towards the Sick and those tending to the Sick It is the opinion of some people that there is no need to find out what is permissible and what is prohibited when seeking medical treatment. It is as if the sick person is not answerable for any of his actions. Based on this, they also feel that the sick person's doctor also has full liberty to do whatever he pleases. This is incorrect. Such people should understand that a sick person does not go out of the boundaries of Allâh's power. Allâh Ta'âla has the right of possession over every person's life and wealth. It is in this light that Allâh Ta'âla has said: "If We were to ordain for them: 'Lay down your lives', or, 'forsake your homelands', only a very few of them would do it - although if they did what they are admonished to do, it would indeed be for their own good." ( Surah an-Nisâ' , verse 66) We learn from this that Allâh Ta'âla also has the right to order us to intentionally kill ourselves (i.e. commit suicide). It is only because of the kindness of Allâh Ta'âla, that despite being able to order us to do this, He did not ask us to bear such difficulties. At the same time, He did not leave us completely free. Instead, He laid down certain rules and regulations when seeking medical treatment. These rules and regulations are such that if we had to ponder over them with an open mind, we will find that there are certain concessions and leeways. They are not as restrictive as the laws of a government. As a form of appreciation for this kindness on the part of Allâh Ta'âla, man should be prepared to sacrifice his wealth and life in order to safeguard himself from sins. He should never ever seek illegal and prohibited forms of medical treatment. When a person is sick, he should never ever act contrary to the

65. Hadhrat Eisa Alayhis Salaam During this period all other religions and mazhabs besides Islam will perish,hence there will be no kuffaars in the world. Jihaad will be stopped. http://www.islaam.org/Al_Mahdi/eisa.htm

Hadhrat Eisa Jesus alayhis salaam The Physical Features of Hadhrat Eisa alayhis salaam He will resemble the famous Sahabi Hadhrat Urwa bin Masoodi radhiyallahu anhu . He will be of average height and red and white in colour. His hair spread to the shoulders, straight, neat and shining as after a bath. On bending his head, it will seem as if pearls are falling. He will have an armour on his body. He will be wearing two pieces of cloth light yellow in color. His Descension He will descend on a Jamaa'at (group) that will be righteous at the time and comprising of 800 men and 400 women. The people will be preparing for war at the time against Dajjal (the anti-Christ). It will be time for Fajr prayers, and Imaam Mahdi will be the Amir (leader). From the darkness of the dawn, a sound will suddenly be heard that "one who listens to your pleas has come" the righteous people will look everywhere and their eyes will fall on Eisa alayhis salaam . Briefly, at the time of Fajr, Eisa alayhis salaam will descend. When descending, Eisa alayhis salaam 's hands will be on the shoulders of two angels (according to another source (Kab Abrar), a cloud will carry him). On their insistence Hadhrat Eisa

66. Islam And Muslims In Everyday Life 8. Community life. The umma; mazhabs and Muftis; local communities; race; crime;punishment; violence. 9. Ethics. Slander and hypocrisy; virtues and vices. http://www.aucegypt.edu/faculty/sedgwick/iandm/iandm.html

Islam and Muslims in Everyday Life A Religious and Cultural Guide Mark Sedgwick Forthcoming from Intercultural Press, Boston This book explains Islam in the framework of daily life, and is an in-depth exploration of the diversity of both the religion and its followers. It provides a practical guide to virtually every aspect of Islam, from the role of the Quran to the nature of marriage and the rules of cleanliness. It covers the varying beliefs of such people as liberal professionals, devout and radical students, and traditional farmers. Special attention is paid to Muslims in the West. All those who are in daily contact with Muslims, as well as travelers and residents in Muslim countries, will benefit and learn from this sympathetic yet clear-sighted treatment of Islam and Muslims. Sedgwick weaves Islamic teachings with modern Muslims’ personal understandings, illustrated by numerous vignettes drawn from his own experience. The first part of the book examines the religion and its followers. Sedgwick shows how Islam fits in with other monotheistic religions, and where and how it developed. He then examines the contemporary struggle between hardline and more relaxed interpretations and interpreters, and the difference between Sunnis, Shi’is, Sufis and others. Islamic views on such topics as God, birth, death and judgment are clearly explained. The second part of the book looks at the application of Islam in daily life. Topics covered include prayer and fasting, dress and charity, ethics, and all aspects of Muslim family and community life. The last part of the book looks at Islam and politics, both within the Muslim world and globally.

67. Dr. Mahathir S Speech An Analysis to be divided into numerous sects, mazhabs and tarikats, each more concernedwith claiming to be the true Islam than our oneness as the Islamic ummah. http://www.faithfreedom.org/oped/MohammadAsghar31026.htm

Dr. Mahathir's Speech: An Analysis By Mohammad Asghar In an article published by News From Bangladesh in its issue of October 24, 2004 under the title of "All the hullabaloo about Mahathir's Speech," Dr. Habib Siddiqui wrote: "I have read Doctor Mahathir's entire speech a couple of times and failed to find signs of anti-Semitism. It is wrong to accuse him of anti-Semitism by quoting a sentence or two out of context from his very long speech." Despite the fact that I have been recuperating from a recent surgery, I could not check myself from writing this rejoinder to put the issues Dr. Habib discussed to their right perspectives. In my effort to do so, I will rely on the official version of Dr. Mahathir's speech, which he delivered at the OIC Conference held on 16th October, 2003 in Malaysia. Dr. Mahathir began his speech with the following words: "Alhamdulillah, All Praise be to Allah, by whose Grace and Blessings we, the leaders of the Organisation of Islamic Conference countries are gathered here today to confer and hopefully to plot a course for the future of Islam and the Muslim ummah worldwide."

68. Islamic Fiqh Academies New Steps In Madrasa Reform It stands for tolerance and respect of differences between the different Sunnimazhabs or schools of fiqh. The IFA s activities are wideranging, http://www.cobrapost.com/documents/Fiqhmadrasa.htm

Islamic Fiqh Academies New Steps In Madrasa Reform By Yoginder Sikand Madrasas were originally intended as institutions for the preservation and transmission of the Islamic religious tradition as a whole. In contemporary India, however, they focus largely, although not exclusively, on the teaching of fiqh or Islamic jurisprudence. Most Indian Muslims adhere to the Hanafi school of jurisprudence and so most madrasas in the country restrict themselves to the teaching of the books of Hanafi fiqh. Almost all these books were written between the ninth and the fourteenth centuries, in a context very different from that of India today. Most of their authors lived and worked in Central Asia, Iran and parts of the Arab world. Consequently, their understanding of fiqh was shaped by the particular environment in which they lived. The questions that they raised and the answers that they provided were a product of the concerns of their own times. Not surprisingly, their books do not deal with many issues of contemporaryconcern and relevance. Despite this, most Indian madrasas continue toemploy these texts, and, consequently, the teaching of fiqh has been gradually distanced from real-world concerns. The IFA's activities are wide-ranging, including publishing books, organising lectures and training programmes and holding seminars. It has produced several texts on a variety of contemporary issues, from insurance and birth control to modern commercial transactions and organ transplants, offering opinions on these based on collective ijtihad. It has held a number of seminars in different parts of the country, in which 'ulama and modern scholars have participated to collectively discuss various issues which the traditional books of fiqh are silent on, but which Muslims have increasingly to face today. A major focus of the IFA's work has been the promotion of new understandings of fiqh in the Islamic madrasas in the country. One of the most successful of its initiatives in this regard was its madrasa

69. Evils Of Debates And Disputations - Imam Ghazali's Ihya Therefore there were differences of opinions among the learned men and there grewdifferent mazhabs or sects as a result. There were argumentations and http://www.bysiness.co.uk/excerpts/extractihyap52.htm

" .He has not placed any Hardship upon you in Religion " [TM Qur'an 22:78] Classical Books Home Childrens What's New ... Special Offers Page Classical and Contemporary Muslim and Islamic Books in English From: Kitaabun Books Services Leicester UK Excerpt From: Imam Al-Ghazali's Ihya Ulum-id-din The Book of Knowledge, Book 1 Section iv page 52 Translated by Maulana Fazlul Karim, published by the Taj Co., Delhi, 1986. Book Ref: 11d Price: £16.95/Volume Set Harms of the science of polemics and evils of debates and disputations " There are eight conditions of debate (1) The first condition is that where debate is for search of truth is one of farze kefayah duties. one who has not already fulfilled his part in duities of farze Ain n), should not engage himself in the debates, even for searching truth. (2) The second condition is that one should not consider debates more important than Fard Kifayah duties. He commits sin who does other works, leaving aside a more important Farze Kifayah duty. He is like a man who does not give water to drink to people who are thirsty and facing death, even though he has got the power to do so, because he remains busy in giving lessons of cupping. Once the Prophet was asked: "When will the people give up enjoining good and forbidding evil?" He said: "When flattery will grow in good people among you, kingdom will go to the meanest of you, and theology to those who will be corrupt."

70. ON THE OUTCOME OF THE FOUNDING FORUM OF THE WORLD COUNCIL OF RELIGIOUS LEADERS ( Chairman of the Iranian Government s Commission for bringing the mazhabs closertogether; and officials from the Secretariat of the World Islamic League http://www.ln.mid.ru/brp_4.nsf/0/1ad397b4a4a31643c3256ec9001d19bd?OpenDocument

71. Kaucasian Knot Encyclopedia theologicallegal trends (madhabs/mazhabs) in Sunni Islam had been formed (Hanafi,Maliki, Shafii, and Hanbali) and Islamic dogmas developed (X cent.). http://eng.kavkaz.memo.ru/encyclopediatext/engencyclopedia/id/592527.html

72. BANGLAPEDIA: Wazih, Mohammad on Shariyah in the form of questions and answers, and attempted to establishthe superiority of the Hanafi school of thought among the four mazhabs. http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/W_0040.htm

Wazih, Mohammad (c 1803-1864) educationist, Islamic scholar and writer. Born in Bihar, he studied and worked in calcutta . He studied at Aliyah Madrassah in Calcutta and took up a teaching position at the same institution. He retired as Head of the Department of Arabic in 1856. Mohammad Wazih was an influential personality in the Muslim society of Calcutta. He had profound knowledge of Islamic scriptures and Arabic literature. He termed India 'Darul Harb' (an enemy land), and took the view that it was unscriptural and unreasonable to offer Jumma and Eid prayers in this country. He also published a booklet to this effect which was titled Dafush Shurur An Masayilin Nuzur Mohammad Wazih was vice president of Anjuman-e-Islami (1855), the first Muslim organisation in Calcutta, and the first president of Abdul Latif's mohammedan literary society (1863). He wrote a book of explanatory notes on religious issues in Urdu which was titled Nizamul Islam (1841). In it he discussed a variety of topics on Shariyah in the form of questions and answers, and attempted to establish the superiority of the Hanafi school of thought among the four mazhabs. His disciple Nasiruddin Sami wrote a long qasida in Persian in praise of Moulana Wazih. [Wakil Ahmed]

73. Mahathir's Anti-semitism to be divided into numerous sects, mazhabs and tarikats, each more concernedwith claiming to be the true Islam than our oneness of the Islamic ummah. http://www.luc.edu/depts/history/ghazzal/opinions/mahathir.htm

What went wrong? Aleppo, October 22, 2003 totality umma ): the Jew is then like the colonialist who capitalizes on the http://www.luc.edu/depts/history/ghazzal/ghazzal.htm

74. Dialogue Within The Islamic World Asia, Africa, The Muslim As Dr Mahahthir of Malaysia put it, “From being a single Ummah, we have allowedourselves to be divided into numerous sects, mazhabs and tarikats, http://www.passia.org/conferences/2005/Shireen-Mazari-2005.htm

75. Al-Muhajabah's Islamic Blogs: Comments By Author My understanding of the four schools (mazhabs) is that they take the positionthat serious neglect of for example prayers can be punished under the law. http://www.muhajabah.com/islamicblog/allcomments.php?user=WmFjayBBam1hbHx8emFqbW

76. Ninemsn Encarta - Sunni Eventually these disagreements led to the formation of a number of differents “schoolsof thought” ( mazhabs) among the Sunnis, of which four became http://au.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761565794/Sunni.html

ninemsn Home Hotmail Search Shopping ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Ali ibn Abi Talib Caliphate more... Encarta Search Search Encarta about Sunni Advertisement Sunni Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 1 item Sunni , form of Islam followed by the majority of Muslims; the word is the most usual form of the name and may also be applied to an individual adherent of Sunni Islam. The other main tradition within Islam is that of Shiism , which Sunnis have traditionally regarded as more or less heretical. The Sunnis are so called because they stress the importance of the Sunna. In their understanding, the Sunna, the model behaviour which the Muslim community should follow, consists of the words and deeds of the prophet Muhammad . Together with the Koran , the Sunna is seen as the main source of Islamic law. In fact the Shiites also stress the importance of the Sunna, although their concept of it includes also the words and deeds of the Shiite Imams . Since the importance of the Sunna was established in Sunni Islam rather earlier than it was in Shiism it seems probable that the Sunnis had already began to refer to themselves as “the people of the Sunna” in order to distinguish themselves from other groups of Muslims before the Shiites had fully developed their own legal theory. According to traditional Sunni theory, the idea already existed in Muhammad's own lifetime that one should consult and follow the Prophet when there was some doubt about a religious or legal matter. The admonitions in the Koran to “obey

77. MamaList Of Islamic Links News system at the Islamic school, an academic discussion into the Islamic andAmerican judicial system and into issues dealing with the major mazhabs http://www.jannah.org/mamalist/News/

Top : News MamaList of Islamic Links: News Home Add a Site Modify a Site Report DeadLink ... Search Links: American-Islam - This site views current events from the knowledge of Islam and also deals with moder Muslim culture in America and hiphop new Reviews (0) for http://www.american-islam.org/ (Added: 25-May-2005 Hits: Rating: Votes: 0) Rate It Chechnya War updates new Reviews (0) for http://www.chechnyawar.com/ (Added: 11-May-2005 Hits: 24 Rating: Votes: 0) Rate It Return of Islam - An Islamic Political/News Blog with articles and discussions regarding the Muslim nation from around the world. new Reviews (0) for http://www.returnofislam.com (Added: 17-May-2005 Hits: 20 Rating: Votes: 0) Rate It A True Word - Established to provide an authentic Islamic viewpoint on contemporary issues, and to actively engage the non-Muslim world in a constructive and honest dialogue of ideas. We write for both Muslims and non-Muslims. Reviews (0) for http://www.atrueword.com (Added: 22-Jan-2003 Hits: 760 Rating: 9.57 Votes: 21) Rate It Adam ebrahim's Home Page - Islamic news from the lands of jihad.

78. Religion Sunnah Mukkadah prayers without a valid reason, and please cite what the fourmazhabs say (Hanafi, Shafi, Maliki, and Hanbali) about the above question. http://www.pakistanlink.com/religion/2000/02-11.html

Sunnah Mukkadah, Children of Step Parents, Bid'a, Religion's Role in Success in Life, Eid ul Adha Q 1. Would somebody be committing a sin by leaving Sunnah Mukkadah Prayers without a genuine reason on a regular basis? If yes please give me authentic Hadith regarding the leaving of Sunnah Mukkadah prayers without a valid reason, and please cite what the four mazhabs say (Hanafi, Shafi, Maliki, and Hanbali) about the above question. A 1. In our five daily prayers we have some Rakíahs that are Fard and some that are Sunnah Muíakkadah and some that are Sunnah Ghair Muíakkadah (or Nawafil). The Sunnah Muíakkadah are those Sunnahs that the Prophet -peace be upon him- used to pray regularly along with Fard Rakíahs. Because he never missed them, they are called ìMuíakkadahî which means, ìemphasizedî. They are also called ìSunan al-Rawatibî. The Sunnah that he -peace be upon him- performed sometimes and did not do some other times are called ìSunan Ghair Muíakkadahî (or optional). It is reported by Imam Tirmidhi that the Prophet -peace be upon him- said, ìWhosoever will pray twelve rakíah (Sunnah) in a day and night, a house will be built for him in Jannah: four before Zuhr and two after Zuhr, two after Maghrib, two after ëIsha and two before Fajr.î (al-Tirmidhi, Hadith 380). There are many other Ahadith that specify the importance of these Sunnahs along with each particular Fard prayer. One should not miss the Sunnah Muíakkadah without any genuine reason. There are many blessings in these Sunnahs. According to some scholars one of the benefits of these Sunnahs is that they guard our Fard prayers. They compensate any deficiency or negligence in our Fard prayers. According to Imam Abu Hanifah, a person who neglects these Sunnahs persistently is a sinner, but if a person misses these Sunnahs occasionally, he is not a sinner.

79. Islamic Voice - Ramadan / Shawwal 1423 H Forget about ijtihadi-mutlaq (allowing for ijtihad by choosing an opinion fromamong the existing mazhabs), many of them would not even allow for http://www.islamicvoice.com/december.2002/FtoF.htm

Ramadan / Shawwal 1423 H December 2002 Volume 15-12 No : 192 News Community Roundup Editorial Readers Comments ... Contact Us Face To Face "Madrasa Syllabus ought to include Comparitive Religion and Humanities" "Madrasa Syllabus ought to include Comparitive Religion and Humanities" Asghar Ali Engineer is the director of the Mumbai-based Centre for the Study of Secularism and Society and the Institute for Islamic Studies. He has written extensively on Muslim issues and has been in the forefront of the struggle against fascism and inter-communal conflict in India. Here he speaks to Yoginder Sikand on Muslim madrasas in contemporary India. By M. H. Lakdawala Hindutva groups and sections of the government and the Indian press have started a massive campaign against the madrasas, branding them as centres of obscurantism and as breeding grounds for ‘terrorists’. What do you have to say about this? This propaganda against the madrasas in India is unfair. It is nothing short of motivated political propaganda. It is a calculated effort to seek to ‘prove’ that Muslims are ‘terrorists’ and that they are not faithful to India, so that the advocates of Hindutva can pose as saviours of the Hindus and grab their votes. It is a complete travesty of truth to say that all or even most madrasas in India are centers of pro-Pakistani elements or agents of the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). If there is any truth in the allegations against the madrasas, then why does not L.K. Advani publish a white paper on the subject? Most madrasas only impart basic education of Islam to children. How on earth can these children be agents of the ISI? As for the larger madrasas, these are basically centers of higher Islamic learning. One can differ with them on their syllabus and methods of teaching, but one cannot accuse them of engaging in any sort of political activity.

80. Islamic Voice - SHABAN 1424 H It is principally because Muslim have been divided into thousands of sects,mazhabs, each one claiming to be the purest. But the enemy had been targetting http://www.islamicvoice.com/november.2003/editorial.htm

Ramadan 1424 H November 2003 Volume 16-11 No : 203 News Community Roundup Blessings of Ramadan Editorial ... Now you can pay your subscriptions online Editorial Recipe for our ills Recipe for our ills The 1.3 billion Muslims are looking towards the Organisation of Islamic Conference (OIC) to reclaim the Muslim honour. They have been constantly under attack by the enemy without any distinction or discrimination. It is principally because Muslim have been divided into thousands of sects, mazhabs, each one claiming to be the purest. But the enemy had been targetting the Muslims thinking them to be one. And some of us act as proxies of the enemy in joining the attack on our own brethren. The Quran began with the word 'Iqra' but the latter theologians interpreted this so narrowly that it got confined to merely studying theology while the fact is that early Muslims retrieved the Greek scholarly heritage inspired by the same word. They established universities in Granada and Cordova in Spain and lit the lamp of enlightenment in Europe immersed in darkness. Fall of Andalusia was followed by the rise of the Ottoman empire which however could not retain the scholarly traditions and Muslims began to split on minor issues. The Ottomans were then replaced by the British and French colonies. We began to regress, falter and wither.

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