21. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Agnosticism A philosophical theory of the limitations of knowledge, professing doubt of or disbelief in some or all of the powers of knowing possessed by the human mind. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01215c.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... A > Agnosticism A B C D ... Z Agnosticism A philosophical theory of the limitations of knowledge, professing doubt of or disbelief in some or all of the powers of knowing possessed by the human mind. I. EXPOSITION (1) The word Agnostic (Greek a, privative + "knowing") was coined by Professor Huxley in 1869 to describe the mental attitude of one who regarded as futile all attempts to know the reality corresponding to our ultimate scientific, philosophic, and religious ideas. As first employed by Huxley, the new term suggested the contrast between his own unpretentious ignorance and the vain knowledge which the Gnostics of the second and third century claimed to possess. This antithesis served to discredit the conclusions of natural theology, or theistic reasoning, by classing them with the idle vapourings of Gnosticism . The classification was unfair, the attempted antithesis overdrawn. It is rather the Gnostic and the Agnostic who are the real extremists; the former extending the bounds of knowledge, and the latter narrowing them, unduly. Natural theology, or theism, occupies the middle ground between these extremes, and should have been disassociated both from the Gnostic position, that the mind can know everything, and from the Agnostic position, that it can know nothing concerning the truths of religion. (See

22. The Atheist Alliance Web Center Atheist Alliance Inc. (AAI) is a democratic association of international, independent, autonomous atheist societies. The Atheist Alliance Web Center http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

23. Philosophical Discussion At Pisteuo.org Talk about epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of religion and science, politics, morality, atheism, agnosticism, and more. http://pisteuo.org

24. Freedom From Religion Foundation, Inc. National organization of freethinkers (atheists, agnostics) in Madison, Wisconsin, working to keep state and church separate and to educate the http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

25. Agnosticism - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia agnosticism is not to be confused with a view specifically opposing the agnosticism in both cases involves scepticism towards religious statements. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosticism

Wikimedia needs your help in the final days of its fund drive. See our fundraising page Over US$225,000 has been donated so far! Other charities also need your help. Agnosticism From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The neutrality of this article is disputed Please see discussion on the talk page Agnosticism is the philosophical view that the truth values of certain claims—particularly theological claims regarding the existence of God gods , or deities —are unknown, inherently unknowable, or incoherent and therefore irrelevant to life. The term and the related agnostic were coined by Thomas Henry Huxley in and are also used to describe those who are unconvinced or noncommittal about the existence of deities as well as other matters of religion . The word agnostic comes from the Greek a (without) and gnosis (knowledge). Agnosticism is not to be confused with a view specifically opposing the doctrine of gnosis and Gnosticism —these are religious concepts that are not generally related to agnosticism. Agnosticism is distinct from strong atheism (also called positive atheism ), which denies the existence of any deities. However, the more general variety of atheism

26. Secular Web: Atheism, Agnosticism, Naturalism, Skepticism And Secularism agnosticism, atheism, freethought, humanism, and rationalism on the Web http://www.infidels.org

Whole Web Secular Web (infidels.org) Forums (iidb.org) KATRINA RELIEF Home Search ... Moral Relativism and the Catholic Church John Bice Constantine's Sword: The Church and the Jews: A History James Carroll A Cafeteria Pope Jan Brazill Logo design by Christopher Lord

27. Agnosticism (1889) This is the full text of Thomas Huxley's essay explaining and defending agnosticism. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

28. Strong Agnosticism - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Strong agnosticism or positive agnosticism is the belief that it is One criticism of strong agnosticism is that it denies the ability of gods to prove http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_agnosticism

Wikimedia needs your help in the final days of its fund drive. See our fundraising page Over US$225,000 has been donated so far! Other charities also need your help. Strong agnosticism From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Strong agnosticism or positive agnosticism is the belief that it is impossible for humans to know whether or not any God or gods exist. Weak agnosticism states that the existence of any gods is simply unknown, but is not necessarily unknowable. Neither type of agnosticism is irreconcilable with theism (belief in a deity or deities) since one can have faith in the existence of a deity without necessarily claiming knowledge of it. Both types can also be reconciled with strong atheism for the same reason, though this can be disputed depending on how one defines both "belief" and "knowledge". Weak agnosticism often overlaps with, and is often confused with, weak atheism , as both are a lack of belief rather than a belief in lack (of either existence or knowledge). One criticism of strong agnosticism is that it denies the ability of gods to prove their existence, but of course, this presupposes that there are gods to prove their existence, or that it is even logically plausible whether there are or not, that they (or we)could prove their existence. One argument for strong agnosticism is that since we live in time and space, with knowledge derived from the natural world alone, we can only know about the world in which we live and cannot be sure about hypothetically supernatural worlds/powers.

29. Colorless Green Homunculi By William L. Benzon Dawkins had little to say about just where one might look in the brain to find memes and other memeticists have been content to follow him in that. Robert Aunger, an anthropologist at the University of Cambridge, believes that it is time memeticists end their agnosticism on this matter. To that purpose he has written an exposition of neuromemetics called The Electric Meme. http://human-nature.com/nibbs/02/benzon.html

Home - Human Nature Review The Human Nature Daily Review Online Dictionary Of Mental Health What is New? Search Feedback Guestbook Free Electronic Books Darwin and Darwinism Science as Culture Free Associations Human Relations, Authority and Justice Kleinian Studies Against All Reason Burying Freud The Seduction Theory Amazon.com Amazon.co.uk The Origin of Species The Expression of the Emotions The Voyage of the Beagle The Descent of Man T.H.Huxley Autobiography Discourse on the Method The Varieties of Religious Experience Proposed Roads to Freedom The Warfare of Science with Theology Psychoanalytic Aesthetics Unfree Associations Mind, Brain and Adaptation Darwin's Metaphor Mental Space The Culture of British Psychoanalysis Whatever Happened to Human Nature? Group Relations Lost for Words The Story of a Mental Hospital Victims of Memory Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge The Evolution of Human Sex Differences How the Mind Works Fashionable Nonsense The Biotech Century Process Press Robert M. Young - Home Page Robert M. Young - Index of Papers Evolutionary Psychology Mental Health Research Radical Science Human Nature Books Human Nature Information Object Relations European Psychotherapy Psychoanalytic Studies Science as Culture Human Nature Review ISSN 1476-1084 Table of Contents What's New Search Feedback ... Search for papers by Benzon, W. L.

30. What Is An Agnostic? Bertrand Russell on agnosticism. http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/humftp/E-text/Russell/agnostic.htm

What is an Agnostic? Bertrand Russell What Is an agnostic? An agnostic thinks it impossible to know the truth in matters such as God and the future life with which Christianity and other religions are concerned. Or, if not impossible, at least impossible at the present time. Are agnostics atheists? No. An atheist, like a Christian, holds that we can know whether or not there is a God. The Christian holds that we can know there is a God; the atheist, that we can know there is not. The Agnostic suspends judgment, saying that there are not sufficient grounds either for affirmation or for denial. At the same time, an Agnostic may hold that the existence of God, though not impossible, is very improbable; he may even hold it so improbable that it is not worth considering in practice. In that case, he is not far removed from atheism. His attitude may be that which a careful philosopher would have towards the gods of ancient Greece. If I were asked to prove that Zeus and Poseidon and Hera and the rest of the Olympians do not exist, I should be at a loss to find conclusive arguments. An Agnostic may think the Christian God as improbable as the Olympians; in that case, he is, for practical purposes, at one with the atheists. Since you deny `God's Law', what authority do you accept as a guide to conduct?

31. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA Agnosticism Home Catholic Encyclopedia A agnosticism agnosticism. A philosophical theory of the limitations of knowledge, professing doubt of or http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

32. Real International Statistics On Religion Religion statistics for many countries. Includes surveys measuring beliefs about God, Bible, reincarnation, hell, life after death, atheism, and agnosticism. http://www.religionstatistics.net/statofrel1.htm

GO TO HOMEPAGE REAL INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS ON RELIGION by Carles Vilar. English version Introduction - Religious Types - The Moral Issue - * Religious countries in Europe * Semi religious countries in Europe * No religious countries in Europe (Part II) HERE * America (Part III) HERE * Africa and other countries (Part IV) HERE * Added Section: General Data HERE LAST UPDATED: 12JUN2005 To download the whole report with just a click: INTRODUCTION How we can understand that in Slovenia, in the majority of statistics in atlas, encyclopedias, etc. they show us the fact that a 71.8 percent is Christian; but really is the 61 % believing in god ? Or in Spain with 95-98 % catholic, only the half believe about the Christian God ? Because of the fact that in these statistics it is considerated the AFFILIATION...; but this is insufficient if the sociologist, the curious, or the analyst want to understand the reality about any country. The next international short statistic of religion was made with polls, surveys, and others sources in order to know better

33. Agnosticism over 400 skeptical definitions and essays on occult, paranormal,supernatural and pseudoscientific ideas and practices with references to the best skeptical http://skepdic.com/agnosticism.html

Robert Todd Carroll SkepDic.com Click to order from Amazon agnosticism Agnosticism is the position of believing that knowledge of the existence or non-existence of God is impossible. It is often put forth as a middle ground between theism and atheism . Understood this way, agnosticism is skepticism regarding all things theological. The agnostic holds that human knowledge is limited to the natural world, that the mind is incapable of knowledge of the supernatural. Understood this way, an agnostic could also be a theist or an atheist. The former is called a fideist , one who believes in God purely on faith. The latter is sometimes accused by theists of having faith in the non-existence of God , but the accusation is absurd and the expression meaningless. The agnostic atheist simply finds no compelling reason to believe in God. The term 'agnostic' was created by T. H. Huxley (1825-1895), who took his cue from David Hume and Immanuel Kant.

34. Affirming Humanism What is humanism and what is it all about? How does it compare to religion? Some ideas from the About.com Guide to agnosticism and Atheism. http://atheism.about.com/library/weekly/aa092398.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Agnosticism / Atheism Atheism Essentials ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/6.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Agnosticism / Atheism newsletter! See Online Courses Search Agnosticism / Atheism Affirming Humanism Dateline: September 23, 1998 Considering the level and intensity of attacks levied against humanism by religious conservatives in the media, from the pulpit, and on the internet, one might be lead to think that there is something to all of their allegations. But is there? In an intermittent series of essays, I intend to address a variety of those allegations and examine whether or not they enjoy a solid foundation. One common misconception which is often seen being bandied about is the idea that humanism embodies some sort of dogmatic creed . Most humanists will find this laughable, but they should not shrug it off too quickly. Enough people actually believe it that we really need to deal with it. There are any number of documents, historical and contemporary, which attempt to communicate what humanism is all about - are these creeds? Are they dogmatic? Some definitely think that such documents "read like creeds," and then proceed to assume that if they read like creeds, then they must be creeds. Why? The simplest explanation would be that they are so used to statements of beliefs actually

35. Agnosticism agnosticism is the believe that it is impossible to know certain things for sure. The term agnosticism was coined by Professor Huxley at a meeting of http://www.iwriteiam.nl/GEm_ag.html

Agnostisism The word agnost means `not knowing'. An agnost is someone saying that he does not know, and is usually used in the context of knowledge about God, or the nature of reality. Agnosticism is the believe that it is impossible to know certain things for sure. There are different reasons for which one does not know, and for this reason we make a differnence between weak and strong agnostism. Weak agnosticism A weak agnost simple claims that he does not know whether God exists. This means that he does not exclude the possibility of knowing whether God exists. Strong agnosticism Strong agnoticism claims that it is impossible to know whether God exists. Somehow this is very strong claim, as it requires knowledge about reality to know this for sure. For this reason, some people hold the position that strong agnosticism is self-defeating. A quote from An introduction to Atheism The term 'agnosticism' was coined by Professor Huxley at a meeting of the Metaphysical Society in 1876. He defined an agnostic as someone who disclaimed ("strong") atheism and believed that the ultimate origin of things must be some cause unknown and unknowable. Another way of putting it is an agnostic is someone who believes that we do not and cannot know for sure whether God exists. Since that time, however, the term agnostic has also been used to describe those that do not believe that the question is intrinsically unknowable, but instead believe that the evidence for or against God is inconclusive, and therefore are undecided about the issue.

36. LIFE AFTER DEATH, NIHILISM, AND MODERN PHILOSOPHY Something About Nothing What Nihilism, Rationalism, Humanism, agnosticism, Existentialism, etc., Really Say About Your Future http://www.ws5.com/nihilism

LIFE AFTER DEATH, NIHILISM, AND MODERN PHILOSOPHY (Third Millennium Final Edition - corrections and revisions are continuing) What Nihilism, Rationalism, Humanism, Agnosticism, Existentialism, etc., Really Say About Your Future Do you believe that life does end, or may end, at death? Everyone who believes that death may be the end should read the following essay from cover to cover. It represents a serious attempt to identify what may be a critical flaw in the foundation of many modern philosophies. It will help those who study Nihilism, Rationalism, Humanism, Agnosticism, and Existentialism, recognize questions that are probably already on their minds. It will address essential questions that you need to seek answers for. We will suggest that, whether they realize and admit it or not, anyone who does not believe in an "afterlife" is necessarily a "nihilist". In response to what appears to be a strong, intuitive, predisposition of readers to dismiss the conclusions of this essay as simply wrong, it has grown from a few pages to a lengthy, sometimes difficult to read, somewhat rambling, occasionally boring, text. For those who want a shorter introduction to our thoughts on nihilism, please read the summary of this essay by clicking here . Most readers will want to read the summary before proceeding with the detailed analysis. Those who choose to continue with this version may also find the summary interesting, as it includes some additional materials (the summary is from a chapter in a book we publish, which we provide links to at the end of this essay).

37. Atheism And Agnosticism Huxley s agnosticism seems nevertheless to go with an extreme empiricism, More on Huxley and the definition of agnosticism, quotations from Huxley on http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/atheism-agnosticism/

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A ... Z This document uses XHTML/Unicode to format the display. If you think special symbols are not displaying correctly, see our guide Displaying Special Characters last substantive content change MAR The Encyclopedia Now Needs Your Support Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Atheism and Agnosticism 1. Atheism 2. An adequate concept of God 3. Agnosticism 4. Ethics of belief ... Related Entries 1. Atheism Scientific Thought (Broad 1923) held that the chemical properties of common salt could not even in principle be deduced from those of sodium and chlorine separately, at the very time at which the quantum theory of the chemical bond was beginning to be developed. Though the mind has seemed to some to be strongly emergent from its physical basis, it can be argued that developments in the philosophy of mind, cognitive science and neuroscience favour weak emergence only. 2. An Adequate Concept of God Foundations of Arithmetic One thing that will not differentiate the theist from the atheist is to say that God, if he exists, is necessary in the sense of not being dependent on anything else for his existence. The atheist will say that the universe fits this bill because the universe contains everything that there is and so is not caused by anything else. It is indeed hard to see what an adequate conception of God and his necessary existence could be. For the purposes of this article, let us explore what the relations and lack of relations between atheism and agnosticism could be. Here we shall neglect the requirement of necessary existence and in a later section we shall consider the case of

38. Clarence Darrow Biographical information, emphasizing his agnosticism. http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/darrow1.htm

Clarence Darrow by Art Thomas (with Emanuel Haldeman-Julius) Index: Historical Writings (Darrow) Index: Historical Writings (Biographies) Home: Positive Atheism Thanks to CRT President Lanny Swerdlow, those who attended the June 18th CRT meeting enjoyed watching a fine video performance by actor Henry Fonda. Fonda portrayed the great Clarence Darrow doing a splendid job busting religious bunk. Lanny also read from a couple of news clippings about Darrow in his late years. Then he read a eulogy to Darrow by Emanuel Haldeman-Julius, who had published several books by the noted lawyer, that follows: Clarence Darrow Clarence Darrow, 80-year-old lawyer, Agnostic, liberal, defender of the "underdog" and fighter for civil rights, died on March 13, 1938. He had lived a full, useful, constructive life. As a speaker, he moved tens of thousands to an appreciation of Freethought and humanism. As a writer, especially in his numerous little volumes which I published during the past 20 years, Darrow reached even a larger audience with his messages of enlightenment and realistic evaluations of supernaturalism. For two decades, Darrow was a warm friend of my establishment, pouring his writings and speeches into my presses and always refusing to accept a dollar in payment for his contributions. I offered him money numerous times, but he always declined to accept, once even returning a check I had sent him for his part in a debate on religion. He told me many times that speaking and writing for Freethought were efforts he wanted to dive to humanity, without financial rewards. Darrow, the lawyer, is known to most Americans. Darrow, the Freethinker, wasn't as widely known, but the spade work he did for Agnosticism stands out as a career in itself, one that will, in time, be placed along side that of Ingersoll and other mind-liberators. Once, when asked his attitude toward religion, Darrow replied:

39. Agnosticism. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 agnosticism. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 200105. http://www.bartleby.com/65/ag/agnostic.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. agnosticism gn s z m) ( KEY ) , form of skepticism that holds that the existence of God cannot be logically proved or disproved. Among prominent agnostics have been Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, and T. H. Huxley (who coined the word

40. The Reverend James Opinion pieces on atheism, agnosticism, and anarchism, as well as on local political issues. http://members.tripod.com/reverend_james/

var TlxPgNm='index'; setAdGroup('67.18.104.18'); var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Search: Lycos Tripod Star Wars Share This Page Report Abuse Edit your Site ... Next The Reverend James Quotes Links Skinny Archive Comments ... Free Speech Online Welcome to The Reverend James web site. Come and be healed... I have created this site for the purpose of self expression. All views and opinions on this site are my own. If you are under 18, leave now! I claim no responsibility for what you see here. Church of the Reverend James Thanks for making a stop at my site. I hope some of the things I have posted on here enlighten you or maybe even anger you, but I will take great pleasure in it either way. If you get a chance, send me an e-mail and tell me what you think of the site. I enjoy fan mail and hate mail equally so both are encouraged; and, if I like the letter, I will post it on here. So, in the meantime, check out my pics, quotes, and other goodies. Enjoy and thanks again for stopping by! I've added even more new quotes again, so check em' out. Also added more links for the newsies, and a comments section, Enjoy!

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