81. Types Of Viral Infections Other persistent infections are known as latent (def) viral infection. In a latentviral infection the virus remains in equilibrium with the host for long http://www.cat.cc.md.us/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit2/viruses/virinf.html

V. VIRUSES K. TYPES OF VIRAL INFECTIONS The overall purpose of this Learning Object is to learn some of the common terms used to describe the various types of viral infections in humans. LEARNING OBJECTIVES FOR THIS SECTION Viruses are infectious agents with both living and nonliving characteristics. 1. Living characteristics of viruses a. They reproduce at a fantastic rate, but only in living host cells. b. They can mutate. 2. Nonliving characteristics of viruses a. They are acellular, that is, they contain no cytoplasm or cellular organelles. b. They carry out no metabolism on their own and must replicate using the host cell's metabolic machinery. In other words, viruses don't grow and divide. Instead, new viral components are synthesized and assembled within the infected host cell. c. They possess DNA or RNA but never both. Viral Infections of Humans Most viruses that infect humans, such as those that cause routine respiratory infections (e.g., cold viruses, influenza viruses) and gastrointestinal infections (e.g., Rotaviruses, Norwalk virus), cause acute infections. Acute (def) infections are of relatively short duration with rapid recovery.

82. Entrez PubMed RNA silencing in viral infections insights from poliovirus. Saleh MC, Van RijRP, Andino R. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of http://www.virologyj.com/pubmed/15068875

My NCBI [Sign In] [Register] All Databases ... Books Search PubMed Protein Nucleotide Structure Genome Books CancerChromosomes Conserved Domains 3D Domains Gene Genome Project GENSAT GEO Profiles GEO DataSets HomoloGene Journals MeSH NCBI Web Site NLM Catalog OMIA OMIM PMC PopSet Probe PubChem BioAssay PubChem Compound PubChem Substance SNP Taxonomy UniGene UniSTS for Limits Preview/Index History Clipboard Details About Entrez Text Version Entrez PubMed Overview FAQ Tutorial New/Noteworthy ... E-Utilities PubMed Services Journals Database MeSH Database Single Citation Matcher Batch Citation Matcher ... Cubby Related Resources Order Documents NLM Mobile NLM Catalog NLM Gateway ... PubMed Central Display Summary Brief Abstract Citation MEDLINE XML UI List LinkOut ASN.1 Related Articles Cited Articles Cited in Books CancerChrom Links Domain Links 3D Domain Links GEO DataSet Links Gene Links Gene (GeneRIF) Links Genome Links Project Links GENSAT Links GEO Profile Links HomoloGene Links Nucleotide Links OMIA Links OMIM Links BioAssay Links Compound Links Compound via MeSH Substance Links Substance via MeSH PMC Links Cited in PMC PopSet Links Probe Links Protein Links SNP Links Structure Links UniGene Links UniSTS Links Show Sort by Author Journal Pub Date Send to Text File Clipboard E-mail Order All: 1 Review: 1 Virus Res.

83. Entrez PubMed Dengue viral infections affect up to 100 million individuals per year. Denguehaemorrhagic fever is a clinical form of disease characterised by http://www.virologyj.com/pubmed/10967284

My NCBI [Sign In] [Register] All Databases ... Books Search PubMed Protein Nucleotide Structure Genome Books CancerChromosomes Conserved Domains 3D Domains Gene Genome Project GENSAT GEO Profiles GEO DataSets HomoloGene Journals MeSH NCBI Web Site NLM Catalog OMIA OMIM PMC PopSet Probe PubChem BioAssay PubChem Compound PubChem Substance SNP Taxonomy UniGene UniSTS for Limits Preview/Index History Clipboard Details About Entrez Text Version Entrez PubMed Overview FAQ Tutorial New/Noteworthy ... E-Utilities PubMed Services Journals Database MeSH Database Single Citation Matcher Batch Citation Matcher ... Cubby Related Resources Order Documents NLM Mobile NLM Catalog NLM Gateway ... PubMed Central Display Summary Brief Abstract Citation MEDLINE XML UI List LinkOut ASN.1 Related Articles Cited Articles Cited in Books CancerChrom Links Domain Links 3D Domain Links GEO DataSet Links Gene Links Gene (GeneRIF) Links Genome Links Project Links GENSAT Links GEO Profile Links HomoloGene Links Nucleotide Links OMIA Links OMIM Links BioAssay Links Compound Links Compound via MeSH Substance Links Substance via MeSH PMC Links Cited in PMC PopSet Links Probe Links Protein Links SNP Links Structure Links UniGene Links UniSTS Links Show Sort by Author Journal Pub Date Send to Text File Clipboard E-mail Order All: 1 Review: 1 Microbes Infect.

84. Project: Viral Infections In The Immunopathogenesis Of Allergy In Early Childhoo Our hypothesis is that viral infections are able to augment immunopathology ata young Thirty children were investigated during acute viral infection. http://www.onderzoekinformatie.nl/en/oi/nod/onderzoek/OND1258196/toon

Login English KNAW Research Information NOD - Dutch Research Database ... Research entire www.onderzoekinformatie.nl site fuzzy match Project: Viral infections in the immunopathogenesis of allergy in early childhood (VIGALL) Print View Titel Virale infecties bij de immunopathogenese van allergie bij jonge kinderen (VIGALL) Abstract Viral infections are considered to be able to modulate immunoregulation and allergic sensitisation in young children. Evidence for either virus-induced pathology and/or protection in relation to allergic sensitisation has been put forward. However, immunological effects of virus infections in the development of the immune system of young children are largely unknown. Our hypothesis is that viral infections are able to augment immunopathology at a young age, but this is dependent on the type of virus, host factors (genetic factors and others) and age. To investigate this topic we are performing this VIGALL study, which follows up infants from to 2 years of age. End-points are symptoms, allergic features and host immune response. A cohort of 101 children was recruited in 1996-1997, including 67 children with parents with atopy and 25 children of parents without. Thirty children were investigated during acute viral infection.

85. Project: Viral Infections, With Particular Emphasis On HIV (www.onderzoekinforma Project viral infections, with particular emphasis on HIV. Show printerfriendlyview Print View switch to nl mutation http://www.onderzoekinformatie.nl/en/oi/nod/onderzoek/OND1241360/toon

Login English KNAW Research Information NOD - Dutch Research Database ... Research entire www.onderzoekinformatie.nl site fuzzy match Project: Viral infections, with particular emphasis on HIV Print View Titel Virale infecties, met bijzondere aandacht voor HIV Abstract Our research program focusses on the treatment and prevention of viral disorders. A main component of the program is the search to optimize the treatment of HIV-1 infection, with on one hand an effort to increase the potency of antiretroviral therapies, on the other hand an effort to understand and minimize toxicities of drugs utilized. These issues are being addressed in both clinical trials - on a local and on a global scale - and a national cohort study (ATHENA project). Another research line is prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. This research is largely targetted at Africa, in settings where breastfeeding is the norm. The identification of effective, affordable and sustainable antiretroviral therapies for resource poor settings has become a research priority. Additional research lines are the treatment of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections, in both HIV-1 co-infected and in non-co-infected patients, and Varicella zoster virus vaccination. Period 01/1995 - unknown Status completed URL http://www.amc.nl/

86. Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Treatment for these infections is mainly supportive. There is no vaccine toprevent either of these viral infections. What can be done to prevent the spread http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/955159073.html

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Email this article Print this article Find related articles: By topic: Infections/Infectious Diseases Travel Medicine By keywords: Ebola Marburg Receive Health Link via email! Subscribe now >> Viral Hemorrhagic Fever What is viral hemorrhagic fever? Viral hemorrhagic fever is the collective name given to the diseases caused by a group of viruses such as Ebola virus and Marburg virus. The Ebola virus was named for the river in Zaire where it was discovered. Marburg virus was named for the city in Germany where the disease was first diagnosed. Viral hemorrhagic fever begins with fever and muscle aches and can result in a relatively mild illness or can lead to death. Where do these viruses come from? Although the source of these viruses in nature is unknown, this group of viruses can occasionally be found in rodents, ticks, and mosquitoes within endemic areas. Monkeys and humans are also susceptible and may become a source of virus if they become infected. Tissues of infected primates can also serve as a source of infection to staff in laboratories or in import and quarantine facilities that handle primates. How common are Ebola and Marburg viruses?

87. Log In Problems This review discusses the mechanism of action and clinical indications forvalacyclovir. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/500824

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88. Log In Problems Most viral infections in transplant recipients are secondary infections because The individual who has never experienced a primary viral infection by a http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/451788_6

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89. Wiley::Persistent Viral Infections Persistent viral infections R. Ahmed, Irvin SY Chen ISBN 0471-98083-8 Persistent viral infections Edited by Rafi Ahmed Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471980838.html

Location: United States change location Shopping Cart My Account Help ... Contact Us By Keyword By Title By Author By ISBN By ISSN Wiley Medical Sciences Clinical Microbiology Persistent Viral Infections Related Subjects General Medical Sciences Geriatric Medicine Health Care Administration Hematology ... Neurology Join a Related Titles Clinical Microbiology The Eradication of Infectious Diseases (Hardcover) by W. R. Dowdle (Editor), Donald Hopkins Medical Biofilms, Detection, Prevention and Control (Hardcover) by Jana Jass (Editor), Susanne Surman (Editor), James Walker (Editor) Principles and Practice of Clinical Virology, 5th Edition (Hardcover) by Arie J. Zuckerman (Editor), Jangu E. Banatvala (Editor), J. R. Pattison (Editor), Paul Griffiths (Editor), Barry Schoub (Editor) A Practical Guide to Clinical Virology, 2nd Edition (Hardcover) by L. R. Haaheim (Editor), J. R. Pattison (Editor), R. J. Whitley (Editor) Principles and Practice of Clinical Bacteriology, 2nd Edition (Hardcover) by Stephen H. Gillespie (Editor), Peter Hawkey (Editor) Principles and Practice of Clinical Parasitology (E-Book) by Stephen H. Gillespie (Editor), Richard D. Pearson (Editor)

90. Viral Infections - Detroit, Michigan, Henry Ford Health System viral infections Henry Ford Health System of Detroit, Michigan is one of thenation s leading health care providers and is Michigan s sixth largest http://www.henryfordhealth.org/1571.cfm

3D Tour of the Vattikuti Institute About the Institute The Vattikuti Institute Prostatectomy Prostate Cancer ... Viral Infections Viral Infections Herpes Simplex Virus There are two kinds of herpes simplex viruses. Herpes simplex I is the main cause of blisters or ulcers and itching on your lips. Herpes simplex II is the main cause of blisters on your genitals. Each virus can infect both your genitals and your mouth. Diagnosis is usually made by history of symptoms, physical examination, and viral culture (a cotton swab is used to take a sample from a moist sore and sent to the lab to be examined). Many people have been exposed to herpes. It can be passed on through sex, or from a mother to her baby during delivery. When you're first infected, herpes can cause an outbreak of sores. These outbreaks usually become fewer and further apart over time. Some people who have had herpes before and have recurrent episodes may take acyclovir regularly to help prevent further outbreaks. Active herpes infections are usually treated successfully with acyclovir, famciclovir, or valacyclovir. Sometimes foscarnet is used for herpes infections that fail to respond to the previously mentioned drugs. Herpes Zoster Virus (Shingles) The herpes zoster virus (also called varicella-zoster virus) is the same virus that causes chicken pox. Many people have been exposed to it. Inactive herpes zoster may flare up in HIV positive people. The virus infects nerve cells and causes painful blisters called vesicles. As the vesicles heal, they form hardened layers of scabs that look like shingles on a roof. Shingles often appear on the trunk of your body (chest, belly and back), usually only on one side. You can also get them on your arms, legs and face. An outbreak of shingles can last weeks or months if it's not treated. Since the vesicles are on nerves, shingles are very painful. Most cases of shingles can be diagnosed just by looking at the pattern of the blisters. In other cases, diagnosis is made by testing the fluid and cells scraped from a blister.

91. Epidemiology And Natural History Of Human Viral Infections - Home diagnostic methodologies, immunization, and treatment of viral infections.We will also examine relationships between viral infections and oncogenesis http://distance.jhsph.edu/hvi/

The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Welcome Welcome to Epidemiology and Natural History of Human Viral Infections, offered by the Department of Epidemiology of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The purpose of this course is to provide you with an examination of the biology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of diseases caused by human viruses. We will look at virus interaction with host, diagnostic methodologies, immunization, and treatment of viral infections. We will also examine relationships between viral infections and oncogenesis such as hepatitis/liver cancer, HPV/cervical cancer, EBV/lymphoma, and HTLV/leukemia. We will cover the biology and natural history of major viral families such as retroviruses, rabies, and others. The main framework for presenting the course content is online lectures. There is a wealth of information covered in the lectures and in your course textbook. I encourage you to communicate and collaborate with your fellow students throughout the course, using the tools provided in the course: email (see the roster section for addresses), the bulletin board, LiveTalk, and DED Instant Messenger. You will receive credit for class participation. Please take a few minutes to view the course video introduction Enjoy the course!

92. 791 Viral Infections (symposia Session, 2004 ISPO Meeting) Session 791 viral infections. Date 1 February 2004, Time 1130 1330 Production of EBV genome-chip for screening viral infection and Ggne http://www.cancerprev.org/Meetings/2004/Symposia/791/

93. Viral Skin Infections. DermNet NZ Authoritative facts about the skin from the New Zealand Dermatological Society. http://dermnetnz.org/viral/

@import url("/common/screen.css"); DermNet NZ Ad Authoritative facts about the skin from the New Zealand Dermatological Society Incorporated Home For patients For doctors ... Site map Search: Home Viral Viral skin infections Several common childhood viral infections cause widespread exanthems (rashes): Measles (morbilli) German measles (rubella) Chickenpox (varicella virus) Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum, due to parvovirus) Roseola (erythema subitum, due to herpes virus 6) Echovirus and adenovirus infections Other viral syndromes include: Pityriasis rosea Hand foot and mouth disease , due to coxsackie infection Gianotti-Crosti syndrome (papular acrodermatitis of childhood) is most often caused by infectious mononucleosis (Epstein Barr Virus) or hepatitis B. Laterothoracic exanthem (asymmetric periflexural exanthem of childhood or APEC), cause uncertain Haemorrhagic fevers caused by togavirus, bunyavirus and arenvirus are potentially fatal, with bleeding into the skin Smallpox , a deadly disease hopefully now eradicated by widespread vaccination Various skin complaints are more common with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections (AIDS) including Kaposi's sarcoma Localised skin conditions caused by viral infections include: Herpes simplex (cold sores and genital herpes Herpes zoster (shingles) Vesicular stomatitis (oral ulcers) Molluscum contagiosum Viral warts (verrucas and genital warts or condylomas) Orf Milker's nodules In the future, we expect to classify more skin conditions as viral in origin as more sophisticated tests for viral particles become available.

94. VIRAL RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS (Bacterial infections are usually secondary to viral infection of the nose By far the majority appeared to be viral in origin. Bacterial infections are http://www.uct.ac.za/depts/mmi/jmoodie/vires2.html

VIRAL RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS Respiratory infections are common, eg. colds in both adults and children. Most are fairly mild, self- limiting and confined to the upper respiratory tract (URT) . Most are probably viral induced - at least initially. However, in infants and children, URT infections may spread downwards and cause more severe infections and even death. CLINICAL-ANATOMICAL DEFINITIONS Upper Respiratory Tract 1. Colds Main feature: watery to mucoid, sometimes purulent nasal discharge "coryza". Often preceded by a sore throat, sometimes accompanied by fever and often followed by transient opportunist bacterial infection. 2. Pharyngitis ("sore throat") Generalised erythema of pharynx, not localised to the tonsils and not associated with coryza. Some fever present. 3. Tonsilitis Local infection of tonsils = red, swollen with exudate on the surface. (Bacterial tonsilitis is quite common.) Painful inflammatory conditions of sinuses and middle ear. Drainage of these spaces may be impaired and lead to bacterial infection. (Bacterial infections are usually secondary to viral infection of the nose and pharynx.) 5. Influenza

95. Infections - Bacterial And Viral Many human illnesses are caused by infection with either bacteria or viruses.To cause disease, these microorganisms have to gain access to the body. http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Infections_bacter

96. Fifth Disease Fifth disease is a viral illness that causes a bright red rash among its symptoms. Features signs and symptoms, treatment, risks, prevention, and description of the parvo B19 virus that causes the disease. http://www.kidshealth.org/parent/infections/bacterial_viral/fifth.html

KidsHealth Parents Infections Especially common in children between the ages of 5 and 15, fifth disease typically produces a distinctive red rash on the face that makes the child appear to have a slapped cheek. The rash then spreads to the trunk, arms, and legs. Despite being called a "disease," fifth disease is actually just a viral illness that the majority of children will recover from - with no complications - in a short period of time. Fifth disease (also called erythema infectiosum) is caused by parvovirus B19. A human virus, parvovirus B19 is not the same parvovirus that veterinarians may be concerned about in pets, especially dogs, and it cannot be passed from humans to animals or vice versa. Studies show that although 40% to 60% of adults worldwide have laboratory evidence of a past parvovirus B19 infection, most of these adults can't remember having had symptoms of fifth disease. This leads medical experts to believe that most people with a B19 infection have either very mild symptoms or no symptoms at all. Fifth disease occurs everywhere in the world. Outbreaks of parvovirus tend to happen in the late winter and early spring, but there may also be sporadic cases of the disease any time throughout the year.

97. The Physician And Sportsmedicine: Viral Skin Infections In Brief viral skin infections, such as herpes simplex, For all of the viralinfections discussed, some common strategies that coaches, http://www.physsportsmed.com/issues/2004/0704/cyr.htm

Viral Skin Infections Preventing Outbreaks in Sports Settings Peggy R. Cyr, MD Sports Dermatology Series Editor: William Dexter, MD THE PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE - VOL 32 - NO. 7 - JULY 2004 In Brief: Viral skin infections, such as herpes simplex, molluscum contagiosum, and warts, are common in athletes. Visual inspection alone can often provide a diagnosis. The Tzanck test or a direct fluorescent antibody test for herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 can also establish an early diagnosis. If prevention strategies fail, early detection and treatment will help limit the spread of viral infections to other teammates. National Collegiate Athletic Association rules prohibit participation by players who have herpes virus infections unless they are properly treated; lesions of molluscum contagiosum and warts must be treated or securely covered before return to play in contact sports. T hree points underscore the need for clinicians and team physicians to have a thorough knowledge of viral skin infections: (1) the skin is an athlete's largest organ, (2) sports-related skin disorders are among the most common injuries affecting athletes, and (3) athletes and other active individuals have skin infections more often than sedentary individuals.

98. Medmicro Chapter 46 slow infection may not begin with an acute period of viral multiplication.During persistent infections, the viral genome may be either stably http://gsbs.utmb.edu/microbook/ch046.htm

Persistent Viral Infections Istvan Boldogh Thomas Albrecht David D. Porter General Concepts Definition Persistent infections are characterized as those in which the virus is not cleared but remains in specific cells of infected individuals. Persistent infections may involve stages of both silent and productive infection without rapidly killing or even producing excessive damage of the host cells. There are three types of overlapping persistent virus-host interaction that may be defined as latent, chronic and slow infection. Pathogenesis The mechanisms by which persistent infections are maintained involve both modulation of virus and cellular gene expression and modification of the host immune response. Reactivation of a latent infection may be triggered by various stimuli, including changes in cell physiology, superinfection by another virus, and physical stress or trauma. Host immunosuppression is often associated with reactivation of a number of persistent virus infections. Persistent Infections by Organ System Some viruses can establish persistent infection at the same time in different cell types of one or more tissues or organs. For example, the primary site for latency of cytomegalovirus is thought to be peripheral blood monocytes, but the virus may induce disease and can be detected in cells of several organs (e.g., kidney, lung, and those of the digestive or central nervous system). Table-1 categorizes selected human viruses by organ systems in which the virus is believed to be primarily persistent.

99. HepNet - Hepatitis Update 2:The Consequences Of Hepatitis C Viral Infections There are numerous consequences of hepatitis C viral (HCV) infections in someinstances, as a result of a paucity of data, this review will be confined to http://www.hepnet.com/update2.html

The Hepatitis Information Network HepUpdate Clinical News and Views on Hepatitis The HepUpdate series is comprised of original papers reflecting the views of each of each of the contributing specialists. Would you like to see the complete index Update 2 - December 1995 The Consequences of Hepatitis C Viral Infections Gerald Minuk,MD and Nimer Assy, MD Dr. Sherman is a Hepatologist practicing in Toronto, Canada. This paper has been submitted as a contribution to the Canadian Hepatitis Education Council. There are numerous consequences of hepatitis C viral (HCV) infections in some instances, as a result of a paucity of data, this review will be confined to the physical consequences of HCV infection as they pertain to the infected individual. Psychologic and financial implications of HCV infections will not be discussed nor will the consequences to family members, friends, colleagues, employers and the economy in general. Wherever possible, only data derived from studies or observations in which the diagnosis of HCV has been established serologically will be utilized. Due to the wide geographic distribution of the 20 different genetic variants (HCV genotypes) and the strong probability that the natural history of HCV infections are genotype-dependent, studies from North America and to a lesser extent, Europe, will be highlighted. What are the Consequences of Acute HCV Infections?

100. Communicable Disease Fact Sheet Hand, foot and mouth disease is a viral infection caused by a strain of Coxsackievirus. It causes a blisterlike rash that, as the name implies, http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/communicable_diseases/en/coxsa.htm

skip to main content New York State Governor Pataki map-NY ... Department of Health Information for a Healthy New York Home Contact Help A-Z Index Search Search this site: Site Contents Health Insurance Programs Employment Opportunities Forms Grants/Funding Opportunities ... Related Sites You are Here: Home Page Communicable Disease Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (Coxsackie viral infection) What is hand, foot and mouth disease? Hand, foot and mouth disease is a viral infection caused by a strain of Coxsackie virus. It causes a blister-like rash that, as the name implies, involves the hands, feet and mouth. (Hand, foot and mouth disease is different than foot-and-mouth disease, which is an infection of cattle, pigs, sheep, goats and deer and is caused by a different virus.) Who gets hand, foot and mouth disease? Usually this occurs in children under 10 years old, but occasionally can occur in young adults. How is it spread? The virus is spread by direct contact with nose and throat discharges, blisters and feces of infected people. What are the symptoms and when do they start?

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