61. Vesicoureteral Reflux, UPMC | University Of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburg A comprehensive resource describing the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatmentof vesicoureteral reflux from the health care experts at the University http://pediatricurology.upmc.com/VesicoureteralReflux/

Home Vesicoureteral Reflux Reflux of urine is one of the more common reasons that children are referred to a pediatric urologist. Reflux simply means that urine goes backwards in the ureter during urination. Read more Overview Diagnosis Treatment Options ... Contact UPMC Supplemental content provided by EBSCO Publishing Terms and Conditions

62. Vesicoureteral Reflux, Treatment Options, UPMC | University Of Pittsburgh Medica Home Diseases Conditions vesicoureteral reflux. vesicoureteral reflux.Treatment Options. Preventing Infections Treatment at UPMC http://pediatricurology.upmc.com/VesicoureteralReflux/Treatment.htm

Home var ppb = "Vesicoureteral Reflux Treatment Options Preventing Infections Treatment at UPMC The tendency for reflux to cure itself is the basis for current treatment. One of the clues that your doctor will use to determine if the reflux is likely to go away on its own is the "grade" of the reflux. This refers to how the reflux looks in the x-rays the more severe the reflux, the higher the grade, with scores from 1-to-5. The higher the grade, the less likely that the reflux will remedy itself. Also, reflux that occurs into both kidneys appears to be less likely to go away than reflux occurring on only one side. Despite these guidelines, it is almost impossible to predict with certainty for the individual patient whether reflux will go away (except in cases of grade 5 reflux, which rarely resolves beyond infancy). For most children, prophylactic antibiotics are given on a daily basis. As long as there are no urinary infections, a VCUG or nuclear cystogram is obtained yearly to see if the reflux is still present. Most of the time, four or five years will be allowed for the reflux to go away before surgery is suggested. In many cases, the doctor might wait significantly longer. There are reasons, however, that surgery might be performed earlier. The most common reason is "breakthrough" infection: an infection that occurs while taking prophylactic antibiotics. Other reasons might include high-grade reflux, antibiotic allergies, and patient and physician choice.

63. Dr. Koop - Vesicoureteral Reflux not travel long enough in the bladder wall, which can cause vesicoureteralreflux. vesicoureteral reflux is a condition that allows urine to go back up http://www.drkoop.com/ency/93/ImagePages/19502.html

Home Health Reference Vesicoureteral reflux Jul 29, 2005 Search: Dr.Koop MEDLINE Diseases Symptoms Procedures Natural Medicine ... Drug Library Inside DrKoop News Archive Animations Health Videos Health Tools ... Newsletters Vesicoureteral reflux When the ureters enter the bladder, they travel through the wall of the bladder for a distance in such a way that they create a tunnel so that a flap-like valve is created inside the bladder. This valve prevents urine from backing-up into the ureters and kidneys. In some children, the valves may be abnormal or the ureters in the bladder may not travel long enough in the bladder wall, which can cause vesicoureteral reflux. Vesicoureteral reflux is a condition that allows urine to go back up into the ureters and kidneys causing repeated urinary tract infections. The reflux of urine exposes the ureters and kidney to infection from bacteria and high-pressure, which is generated by the bladder during urination.  If left untreated, urinary infections can cause kidney damage and renal scarring with the loss of potential growth of the kidney and high blood pressure later in life. Vesicoureteral reflux is treated with antibiotics, and in severe cases surgically.

64. Welcome To Southern Cross Information on the causes and risks of urinary reflux as well as how it isdiagnosed and treated. http://www.southerncross.co.nz/index.cfm?ACCE6DE8-BAD2-4737-927C-5259FE75FB03

65. Continuity Clinic Notebook: UTIs And Vesicoureteral Reflux UTIs and vesicoureteral reflux B. Renal Growth and Infection More the refluxless the renal growth, and more the severity of urinary tract infection http://www.mcg.edu/pediatrics/CCNotebook/chapter2/urinary.htm

Medical College of Georgia Department of Pediatrics A-Z Index MCG Home Continuity Clinic Notebook: Chapter II. The Evaluation of the Sick Child Chapter 2 Index A. Evaluation by system: 1. General 2. HEENT 3. Cardiopulmonary 4. GI 5. GU UTIs and Vesicoureteral Reflux Catherine deVries MD, Pediatric Urologist I. UTI: Neonate: males more than females: only age group in which true. Circumcision: reduces incidence of UTIs (uncirc: 11.2/1000 vs cic: 1.1/1000) Pyelonephritis vs Cystitis: Age group affected: if under 2 years of age much higher incidence of pyelo with 1st infection Renal Scarring: best way to test: DMSA scan; ultrasound shows only 50% - the more episodes of pyelonephritis, the more likely get scarring. II. Work-up: Still controversial; all males with documented UTIs, all females under age two with first UTI, anyone with pyelonephritis. Uncertain about the 3-5 year old girl with signs and symptoms of cystitis. Tests ordered in addition to urine culture: Ultrasound and VCUG; DMSA if pyelonephritis is suspected. I II. Reflux:

66. Www.chop.edu/consumer/your_child/condition_section Global Health Online Directory vesicoureteral reflux-Genetic LinkageThe Global Health Online Directory is a dynamic searchable index of currentprojects, programs, and events involving Columbia University faculty, staff, http://www.chop.edu/consumer/your_child/condition_section_index.jsp?id=-9184

67. Vesicoureteral Reflux Digital Urology Journal vesicoureteral reflux vesicoureteral reflux Additional Information on vesicoureteral reflux The National Kidney and the http://www.health-nexus.com/vesicoureteral_reflux.htm

The #1 Health information site Health-Nexus.Net Health-Nexus.Org Home ... Up Search Health-Nexus for: Match ALL words Match ANY word Email this page to a friend ! Post a question or comment on our Message Board Home Page Health Specialties Health News ... Alternative Health Options Substance Abuse Animal Health Search: Books Magazines Video Keywords: Find it Here Vesicoureteral Reflux Digital Urology Journal: Vesicoureteral Reflux Vesicoureteral Reflux Vesicoureteral Reflux ...ureters, to the bladder. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the abnormal flow...Additional Information on Vesicoureteral Reflux The National Kidney and...the automatic search on Vesicoureteral Reflux.... Vesicoureteral reflux hub A brief definition of vesicoureteral reflux, followed by links to overviews, full text articles, research studies .... Vesicoureteral Reflux VESICOURETERAL REFLUX What is the normal urinary tract? The urinary tract consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. The kidneys are the organs that are responsible for filtering waste .... Report of the Management of Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children American Academy of Pediatrics: The Report is available in PDF format from the American Urological Association.

68. Vesicoureteral Reflux Medical Information vesicoureteral reflux Drug Information from Drugs.com. http://www.drugs.com/enc/image_pages/19502.html

Home New Drugs Latest News Drug Interactions ... Forum Drugs.com - prescription drug and medicine information available on over 24,000 approved- medications and pharmaceuticals, including side effects and drug interactions. Log-in Register Advertisement Buy a Link Now Special Offers From our sponsors Categories Diabetes Gastro Center Weight Loss AIDS/HIV ... Sexual Health Advertisement Advanced Search Or click the first letter of a drug name: A B C D ... Z Vesicoureteral reflux When the ureters enter the bladder, they travel through the wall of the bladder for a distance in such a way that they create a tunnel so that a flap-like valve is created inside the bladder. This valve prevents urine from backing-up into the ureters and kidneys. In some children, the valves may be abnormal or the ureters in the bladder may not travel long enough in the bladder wall, which can cause vesicoureteral reflux. Vesicoureteral reflux is a condition that allows urine to go back up into the ureters and kidneys causing repeated urinary tract infections. The reflux of urine exposes the ureters and kidney to infection from bacteria and high-pressure, which is generated by the bladder during urination.  If left untreated, urinary infections can cause kidney damage and renal scarring with the loss of potential growth of the kidney and high blood pressure later in life. Vesicoureteral reflux is treated with antibiotics, and in severe cases surgically.

69. Vesicoureteral Reflux Treatment By Endoscopic Injection Of Teflon Document Utilities. Print this page Home Clinical Policy Bulletins Medical vesicoureteral reflux Treatment by Endoscopic Injection of Teflon http://www.aetna.com/cpb/data/CPBA0534.html

Document Utilities Home Clinical Policy Bulletins Medical Clinical Policy Bulletins Number: Subject: Vesicoureteral Reflux Treatment by Endoscopic Injection of Teflon Reviewed: September 21, 2004 Important Note Each benefit plan defines which services are covered, which are excluded, and which are subject to dollar caps or other limits. Members and their providers will need to consult the member's benefit plan to determine if there are any exclusions or other benefit limitations applicable to this service or supply. The conclusion that a particular service or supply is medically necessary does not constitute a representation or warranty that this service or supply is covered (i.e., will be paid for by Aetna) for a particular member. The member's benefit plan determines coverage. Some plans exclude coverage for services or supplies that Aetna considers medically necessary. If there is a discrepancy between this policy and a member's plan of benefits, the benefits plan will govern. In addition, coverage may be mandated by applicable legal requirements of a State, the Federal government or CMS for Medicare and Medicaid members. CMS's Coverage Issues Manual can be found on the following website: http://cms.hhs.gov/manuals/pub06pdf/pub06pdf.asp

70. Vesicoureteral Reflux - Children's Memorial Hospital (Chicago, IL) vesicoureteral reflux. Reflux is a condition in which urine backs up from thebladder into the kidneys. Produced by the kidneys, the urine travels down http://www.childrensmemorial.org/depts/urology/vesicoureteral.asp

@import "/styles/colorBlue.css"; @import "/styles/master.css"; Skip to main content Find a doctor Employment Store ... Contact Vesicoureteral reflux Reflux is a condition in which urine backs up from the bladder into the kidneys. Produced by the kidneys, the urine travels down small tubes (ureters) into the bladder where the urine is stored prior to voiding (urinating). At the junction between the ureters and the bladder, a valve mechanism normally keeps the urine from backing up or refluxing back into the ureter and kidney. When this valve is faulty, reflux can occur. In the absence of an active kidney infection, reflux does not cause pain, problems with urination, or any other symptoms. Why the concern with urinary reflux? Urine is stored in the bladder and is normally clean (no bacteria). Bacteria may, at times, enter into the urinary tract from the skin around the urethra. If this happens, the bacteria can infect the bladder causing pain with urination and/or frequency. This is known as a bladder infection. In the absence of reflux, the infection stays in the bladder and does not travel to the kidneys. If a child also has reflux, the infected urine in the bladder can now travel to the kidneys and cause a kidney infection (pyelonephritis). Kidney infections are much more serious than bladder infections. Children are much more ill with high fevers. More importantly, kidney infections may cause permanent damage to the kidney which is known as "renal scarring." Thus, the combination of a bladder infection and the presence of reflux allows for the development of a kidney infection. It is important to realize that reflux did not cause the bladder infection, it simply allowed the bladder infection to turn into a kidney infection.

71. Vesicoureteral Reflux - New Treatments, January 22, 2005 Advances in the Treatment of vesicoureteral reflux, January 22, 2005. http://www.medical-library.org/journals2a/vesicoureteral_reflux.htm

Click here to view next page of this article Vesicoureteral Reflux Vesicoureteral reflux is defined as the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the ureter and collecting system. Children who have a urinary tract infection (UTI) have a 45% incidence of vesicoureteral reflux. The incidence increases with decreasing age, and 65% of patients are females. However, in a male who has a UTI, the risk of reflux. Pathophysiology Vesicoureteral reflux may cause renal parenchymal injury, including segmental scarring, global renal atrophy, and Pregnancy may exacerbate already compromised renal function caused by reflux nephropathy. Diagnosis Radiologic evaluation should be undertaken when a urinary tract infection occurs in one of the following patients: UTI in a male UTI in an infant (under two years of age) Pyelonephritis in a female Recurrent UTI in a female Radiologic evaluation of the child with a urinary tract infection consists of a renal ultrasound and a voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). If the child is not toxic, the VCUG and renal ultrasound should be done three weeks after initiation of antibiotics for UTI. However, if the child is toxic or hospitalized, the ultrasound should be done promptly in order to exclude the presence of an obstructive uropathy, which requires prompt urological intervention. Grading Grade I reflux is defined as retrograde urine flow into a non-dilated ureter.

72. Vesicoureteral Reflux vesicoureteral reflux. Urine normally flows in one directiondown from the kidneys, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the abnormal flow of urine from the http://www.clevelandclinic.org/health/health-info/docs/1200/1202.asp?index=5995

73. Show-documents.asp vesicoureteral reflux Written Information. Care Treatment. VesicoureteralReflux New Search Contact Us Disclaimer Send This Link http://www.clevelandclinic.org/health/search/do-query.asp?TopicId=1246

74. Endoscopic Subureteral Injection As A Treatment Of Vesicoureteral Reflux vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder to Minimally invasive treatment of vesicoureteral reflux with endoscopic http://www.regence.com/trgmedpol/surgery/sur133.html

Policies TRG Medical Policy TRG Dental Policy TRG Behavioral Health Policy Surgery Section - Endoscopic Subureteral Injection as a Treatment of Vesicoureteral Reflux Topic: Endoscopic Subureteral Injection as a Treatment of Vesicoureteral Reflux Date of Origin: Section: Surgery Policy No: Approved Date: Effective Date: Next Review Date: IMPORTANT REMINDER This Medical Policy has been developed through consideration of medical necessity, generally accepted standards of medical practice, and review of medical literature and government approval status. Benefit determinations should be based in all cases on the applicable contract language. To the extent there are any conflicts between these guidelines and the contract language, the contract language will control. The purpose of medical policy is to provide a guide to coverage. Medical Policy is not intended to dictate to providers how to practice medicine. Providers are expected to exercise their medical judgment in providing the most appropriate care. Description Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder to the ureter and renal pelvis. The ureter is normally attached to the bladder in an oblique fashion, perforating the detrusor muscle laterally and proceeding between the bladder mucosa and detrusor muscle, creating a flap-valve mechanism that prevents reflux. Reflux occurs when the submucosal tunnel between the mucosa and detrusor muscle is short or absent. Reflux is generally congenital, occurs in families, and affects approximately 1% of children.

75. Expert Advice -- Vesicoureteral Reflux Reflux occurs when the bladder contracts and instead of the urine going down theurethra , it travels back up the toward the kidney. http://parenting.ivillage.com/tp/tphealth/0,,hfjn,00.html

var iv_cimsUid = "417200"; var iv_cimsCid = "129504"; var iv_createDate = "02/11/2002"; var iv_lastModDate = "10/09/2002"; // Tacoda category stamp var dartCatStamp = "parenting_tp_tphealth_tpspecial"; Tacoda_AMS_DDC_addPair("dartCatStamp", dartCatStamp); var iv_secondarytopicID = 129502; @import "/shared/css/global/0,,,00.css"; @import "/shared/css/layout/0,,layout_article,00.css"; @import "/shared/css/content/0,,qa,00.css"; @import "/shared/css/channel/0,,12,00.css"; Skip to Main Content iVillage Entertainment Magazines iVillage web Toddler/ Preschooler Health Special Conditions Trying to Conceive ... more newsletters Vesicoureteral Reflux by Robert Steele, MD (see more from this expert) Email this page Print Scarlet Fever ... Faint? My three year old is experiencing urinary tract infections and the doctor believes it could be vesicoureteral reflux. He has scheduled an ultrasound. What is the course of treatement for this and what can be done to correct it? Is this genetic or just a common problem? The kidney make urine which drains into a tube called the ureter. The ureter allows for the urine to travel to the bladder. When the bladder gets full enough, we get the sensation to urinate which causes the bladder to contract opening a sphincter to another tube called the urethra which carries the urine to the outside world.

76. Vesicoureteral Reflux Reflux occurs when the bladder contracts and instead of the urine going down theurethra , it travels back up the toward the kidney. http://parenting.ivillage.com/baby/bhealth/0,,3q66,00.html

var iv_cimsUid = "100986"; var iv_cimsCid = "129161"; var iv_createDate = "01/01/2000"; var iv_lastModDate = "04/23/2001"; // Tacoda category stamp var dartCatStamp = "parenting_baby_bhealth"; Tacoda_AMS_DDC_addPair("dartCatStamp", dartCatStamp); var iv_secondarytopicID = 129161; @import "/shared/css/global/0,,,00.css"; @import "/shared/css/layout/0,,layout_article,00.css"; @import "/shared/css/content/0,,qa,00.css"; @import "/shared/css/channel/0,,12,00.css"; Skip to Main Content iVillage Entertainment Magazines iVillage web Baby Baby's Health Trying to Conceive Fertility Planner ... more newsletters Vesicoureteral reflux by Robert Steele, MD (see more from this expert) Email this page Print Treating pink eye ... first subluxation [article] My three year old is experiencing urinary tract infections and the doctor believes it could be vesicoureteral reflux. He has scheduled an ultrasound. What is the course of treatement for this and what can be done to correct it? Is this genetic or just a common problem? The kidney make urine which drains into a tube called the ureter. The ureter allows for the urine to travel to the bladder. When the bladder gets full enough, we get the sensation to urinate which causes the bladder to contract opening a sphincter to another tube called the urethra which carries the urine to the outside world.

77. Procalcitonin As A Predictor Of Vesicoureteral Reflux In Children With A First F Abbreviations UTI, urinary tract infection • VUR, vesicoureteral reflux Mild renal pelvic dilatation is not predictive of vesicoureteral reflux in http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/115/6/e706

QUICK SEARCH: [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year: Vol: Page: Published online May 2, 2005 PEDIATRICS Vol. 115 No. 6 June 2005, pp. e706-e709 (doi:10.1542/peds.2004-1631) This Article Abstract Full Text (PDF) P ... Citation Map Services E-mail this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal ... Download to citation manager PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Leroy, S. Articles by Chalumeau, M. Related Collections Genitourinary Tract ELECTRONIC ARTICLE Procalcitonin as a Predictor of Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children With a First Febrile Urinary Tract Infection Sandrine Leroy, MD Catherine Adamsbaum, MD Elisabeth Marc, MD Florence Moulin, MD Josette Raymond, MD, PhD Dominique Gendrel, MD and Martin Chalumeau, MD, PhD Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, and Departments of Radiology Emergency Medicine, and ABSTRACT TOP ABSTRACT METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES Objective.

78. Pediatrics -- Sign In Page Among 136 patients included, 25% had vesicoureteral reflux. Mild renal pelvicdilatation is not predictive of vesicoureteral reflux in children. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/peds.2004-1631v1

QUICK SEARCH: [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year: Vol: Page: This item requires a subscription. If you have an individual print subscription to Pediatrics , online access is included. Full Text Procalcitonin as a Predictor of Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children With a First Febrile... Leroy et al. Pediatrics. This Article Abstract Full Text (PDF) P ... Alert me if a correction is posted Services E-mail this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal ... Download to citation manager PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Leroy, S. Articles by Chalumeau, M. Related Collections Genitourinary Tract To view this item, select one of the options below: Sign In: Please use your AAP ID Number or Temporary Activation Code for your User Name. User Name Sign in without cookies. Can't get past this page? Help with Cookies. Need to Activate? Password Forgot your user name or password? Purchase Short-Term Access Pay per Article - You may access this article (from the computer you are currently using) for 2 days for US$12.00

79. Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) What is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)? vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the backwardflow of urine from the bladder into the kidneys . http://www.bchealthguide.org/kbase/topic/special/tv7733spec/sec1.htm

var hwPrint=1;var hwDocHWID="tv7733spec";var hwDocTitle="Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)";var hwRank="1";var hwSectionHWID="tv7734";var hwSectionTitle="Topic Overview";var hwSource="en-caQ2_05";var hwDocType="Special"; Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) Topic Overview What is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)? Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the backward flow of urine from the bladder into the kidneys . Normally, urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder. The muscles of the bladder and ureters, along with the pressure of urine in the bladder, prevent urine from flowing backward through the ureters. VUR allows bacteria, which may be present in the urine in the bladder, to reach the kidneys. This can lead to kidney infection , scarring, and damage ( chronic kidney disease What causes vesicoureteral reflux? There are two types of VUR: Primary VUR is present at birth and is caused by a defect in the development of the tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder (ureter). This is the most common type of VUR and is usually detected shortly after birth. Primary VUR is the most common genetic problem of the urinary tract. Secondary VUR occurs when an obstruction in the bladder or urethra causes urine to flow backward into the kidneys. Secondary VUR can occur at any age and often results from surgery, injury, or a past infection that puts pressure on the bladder or ureters. It is also more common in children who have other birth defects, such as

80. Vesicoureteral Reflux vesicoureteral reflux kidney and high blood pressure later in life.vesicoureteral reflux is treated with antibiotics, and in severe cases surgically. http://www.lifespan.org/ADAM/English/Images/19502.htm

Careers at Lifespan Volunteer your time Other ways to give Lifespan's A - Z Health Information Library When the ureters enter the bladder, they travel through the wall of the bladder for a distance in such a way that they create a tunnel so that a flap-like valve is created inside the bladder. This valve prevents urine from backing-up into the ureters and kidneys. In some children, the valves may be abnormal or the ureters in the bladder may not travel long enough in the bladder wall, which can cause vesicoureteral reflux. Vesicoureteral reflux is a condition that allows urine to go back up into the ureters and kidneys causing repeated urinary tract infections. The reflux of urine exposes the ureters and kidney to infection from bacteria and high-pressure, which is generated by the bladder during urination.  If left untreated, urinary infections can cause kidney damage and renal scarring with the loss of potential growth of the kidney and high blood pressure later in life. Vesicoureteral reflux is treated with antibiotics, and in severe cases surgically.

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