21. Vascular Dementia One of the few clear distinctions between vascular dementia and Alzheimer s Stroke specialists suspect that most cases of vascular dementia trace to a http://www.memorylossonline.com/pastissues/summer2000/vasculardementia.html

Summer 2000 From The Editor Memory News Vascular Dementia Crossing The Line ... Memory Tip Vascular Dementia A diagnosis of dementia does not always mean an unavoidable decline. One of the most feared consequences of aging is dementia , a set of symptoms marked by profound memory loss and impaired thinking. Thanks to a lot of research and public education, most people are aware that dementia is not an inevitable part of growing older. In fact, it is most often the result of a specific illness, Alzheimer's disease , that strikes many-but by no means all-people in their senior years. The bottom line is that aging does not necessarily lead to "senility," unless Alzheimer's or some other disease is present. One of those "other" diseases is vascular dementia . It is probably the second leading cause of dementia, but has been somewhat overshadowed by the more well-known Alzheimer's disease. Caused by blockages and breaches in the brain's blood supply that damage the brain, vascular dementia can be prevented and, in some cases, even reversed. Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer's The cardinal sign of dementia is a decline in a person's normal intellectual functionsmost notably, a decline in

22. NEJM Abnormality Of Gait As A Predictor Of Non-Alzheimer's Full Text (2003). Impaired Gait Is a Risk Factor for vascular dementia. Journal Watch Neurology 2003 33 Full Text http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

23. Memory Loss & The Brain vascular dementia refers to dementia that is caused by cerebrovascular disease (ie, vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia, http://www.memorylossonline.com/glossary/vasculardementia.html

Get Your FREE subscription today Current Issues Past Issues Who We Are ... Memory News Forget It Like Freud Memory News Forget It Like Freud Use It Or Lose It The Key to Healthy Brain Aging Estrogen Update Service Dogs: A Brain's Best Friend For people with brain injuries, helping hands sometimes come in the form of helping paws. Memory Tip Pack Up Your Memory Glossary Vascular Dementia Vascular dementia refers to dementia that is caused by cerebrovascular disease (i.e., damage to the body's heart, lungs and/or blood vessels). It may be caused by a single stroke or aneurysm or by a series of smaller strokes or aneurysms ( multi-infarct dementia Vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia, after

24. Postgraduate Medicine: Vascular Dementia vascular dementia stroke risk and sequelae define therapeutic approaches. Persons with vascular dementia are at greater risk for morbidity and http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/2005/01_05/black.htm

SYMPOSIUM ON STROKE Vascular dementia Stroke risk and sequelae define therapeutic approaches Sandra E. Black, MD, FRCPC VOL 117 / NO 1 / JANUARY 2005 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE CME learning objectives To learn the diagnostic features of vascular dementia and appreciate its heterogeneity To recognize the differences and similarities between vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease and the frequency of their comorbidity in the elderly To become familiar with ways to manage risk factors for vascular dementia Dr Black has received consulting fees and speaker honoraria from Eisai Inc, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Ortho Inc, and Pfizer Inc. She discloses unlabeled uses of rivastigmine, donepezil, and galantamine. Preview : The symptoms of vascular dementia are often distinct from those of Alzheimer's disease. The memory deficits that define Alzheimer's disease are not always observed in the initial stages of vascular dementia, which is usually characterized by greater impairment of executive function. However, increasing evidence supports an involvement of the cholinergic system in vascular dementia similar to that seen in Alzheimer's disease. In this article, Dr Black reviews the pathogenesis and diagnosis of vascular dementia, risk factors for the disease, and current treatment approaches, including possible use of cholinesterase inhibitors. Black SE. Vascular dementia: stroke risk and sequelae define therapeutic approaches. Postgrad Med 2005;117(1):15-25

25. Vascular Dementia Overlay Slice 20 HomeHelpClinical, Slice 20. Click on sagittal image to select slice.Click on thin tickmark to change timepoint, or thick tickmark for overlay. http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/cases/case18/mr1-tc1/020.html

Home Help Clinical Slice 20 Click on sagittal image to select slice. Click on thin tickmark to change timepoint, or thick tickmark for overlay. Keith A. Johnson (keith@bwh.harvard.edu), J. Alex Becker (jabecker@mit.edu)

26. Vascular Dementia, Dementia, THE MERCK MANUAL OF HEALTH & AGING Unlike other types of dementia, vascular dementia can sometimes be Vasculardementia often occurs with Alzheimer s disease (as mixed dementia). http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual_ha/sec3/ch27/ch27c.html

var locationOverride = "http://www.merck.com/pubs/"; Committed to Providing Medical Information Table of Contents Enlarge Text Reset Text ... Buy the Book SECTION 3 Medical Conditions CHAPTER 27 Dementia TOPICS Introduction Alzheimer's Disease ~ Vascular Dementia ~ Lewy Body Dementia Vascular Dementia In vascular dementia (multi-infarct dementia), the ability to remember, think, understand, communicate, and control behavior declines because of brain damage due to strokes. Abilities often decline in steps (after each stroke), but they can decline more gradually. Unlike other types of dementia, vascular dementia can sometimes be prevented by correcting or eliminating the risk factors for strokes. Vascular dementia often occurs with Alzheimer's disease (as mixed dementia). The strokes that cause vascular dementia are more common among men and usually begin after age 70. Risk factors for vascular dementia include high blood pressure, abnormal heart rhythms, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. These disorders damage blood vessels in or leading to the brain. People who smoke or have smoked are also at increased risk. In a stroke, the blood supply to an area of the brain is blocked, causing brain tissue in that area to die. The dead tissue is called an infarct. Dementia may result from a few large strokes or from many small strokes (a disorder called Binswanger's disease).

27. THE MERCK MANUAL--SECOND HOME EDITION, Dementia In Ch. 83, Delirium And Dementia In people with vascular dementia, symptoms tend to worsen in steps, Unlike dementia caused by Alzheimer s disease, vascular dementia may progress in http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec06/ch083/ch083c.html

var externalLinkWarning = "The link you have selected will take you to a site outside Merck and The Merck Manuals.*n*nThe Merck Manuals do not review or control the content of any non-Merck site. The Merck Manuals do not endorse and are not responsible for the accuracy, content, practices, or standards of any non-Merck sources."; Search The Second Home Edition , Online Version Search Index A B C D ... Z Sections Accidents and Injuries Blood Disorders Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders ... Women's Health Issues Resources Anatomical Drawings Multimedia Pronunciations Weights and Measures ... , Online Version Section Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders Chapter Delirium and Dementia Topics Introduction Delirium Dementia Dementia Buy The Book Print This Topic Email This Topic Pronunciations anticoagulants cerebrospinal fluid computed tomography dementia ... zidovudine Dementia is a slow, progressive decline in mental function in which memory, thinking, judgment, and the ability to learn are impaired. In the United States, an estimated 6 million people have dementia. Dementia occurs primarily in people older than age 65, affecting about 6 to 8% of people in this age group. More than 30% of those aged 85 or older (the most rapidly growing segment of the population) may have dementia. Nevertheless, dementia is never a normal part of aging. More than 50% of people older than 100 do not have dementia.

28. Vascular Dementia Definition - Medical Dictionary Definitions Of Popular Medical Online Medical Dictionary and glossary with medical definitions. http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=21883

29. Vascular Dementia - Humana Press Humana Press publishes scientific and medical books, journals, ebooks, onlinejournals, and CD-ROMs for the research professional and physicians. http://www.humanapress.com/Product.pasp?txtCatalog=HumanaBooks&txtProductID=1-58

30. Vascular Dementia Axial SPECT First Previous Next Last Index Home Text. Slide 16 of 29. http://www.psych.uic.edu/chat/education/courses/brain/neroimaging uic 4-01/sld01

31. Vascular Dementia Axial SPECT vascular dementia Axial SPECT. Previous slide Next slide Back to first slide View graphic version. http://www.psych.uic.edu/chat/education/courses/brain/neroimaging uic 4-01/tsld0

32. Memory Pharmaceuticals vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer vascular dementia can also be caused by a number of other conditions http://www.memorypharma.com/p_1003_vasculardementia.html

Home Contact Us Site Index Pipeline MEM 1003 Alzheimer's Disease Mild Cognitive Impairment Vascular Dementia MEM 1414 PDE4 Inhibitors Nicotinic Alpha-7 Vascular Dementia Disease Information Causes Vascular dementia can be caused in several different ways. Most commonly there is blockage of small blood vessels (arteries) deep within the brain. When any part of the body is deprived of blood, which carries oxygen and nutrients, it dies - this is called an infarct or ischemia. When brain tissue dies it is also called necrosis. Blockages may be caused by build up of plaque on the inside of the arterial wall or by clots which have broken off, jamming a smaller tributary upstream. Clots can also result from abnormal heart rhythms, or other heart pathology, or can form on the inside of the major carotid arteries that run up the side of the neck and supply the brain. Rarer causes of vascular dementia are associated with auto-immune inflammatory diseases of the arteries such as systemic lupus erythermotsis (SLE or lupus) and temporal arteritis. Both of these can be treated with cortisone type drugs or other drugs to suppress the immune system. Types of Vascular Dementia Vascular dementia is due to impaired blood supply to the brain and can be divided into different types depending on the nature of the vascular disease.

33. Memory Pharmaceuticals vascular dementia is the second leading cause of dementia People with vasculardementia may show signs of improvement or remain stable for long periods http://www.memorypharma.com/market_vasculardementia.html

Home Contact Us Site Index Market Psychiatric Indications Age Associated Cognitive Decline Vascular Dementia Mild Cognitive Impairment Alzheimer's Market Opportunity: According to the World Health Organization, over 180 million people worldwide suffer from CNS disorders that exhibit significant impairment of memory and other cognitive functions. Vascular Dementia Vascular Dementia is the second leading cause of dementia Multi Infarct Dementia TIA/Stroke/TBI Arteriosclerosis Changes in the brain’s blood supply may result in the death of some brain tissue (neurons). The initiating event may be a single stroke (brain attack); a number of small strokes; a temporary decrease in brain blood flow transient ischemic attack (TIA); a traumatic brain injury (TBI) or the slow clogging of the arteries in the brain (arteriosclerosis). The location in the brain where the decreased blood flow occurs will determine the seriousness of the impact on cognition and type of symptoms that arise. Symptoms that begin suddenly may be a sign of this kind of dementia. People with vascular dementia may show signs of improvement or remain stable for long periods of time, then quickly develop new symptoms if more damage occurs. In many people with vascular dementia, high blood pressure is the root cause of the problem. Click for more information on Vascular Dementia.

34. Multi-Infarct Dementia Fact Sheet - Alzheimer's Disease Education & Referral Cen The second most common cause of dementia in older adults is vascular dementia, Multiinfarct dementia is the most common form of vascular dementia, http://www.alzheimers.org/pubs/mid.htm

ADEAR A Service of the National Institute on Aging Home About Us Site Map ... Advanced Alzheimer's Disease General Info Causes Symptoms Diagnosis ... Treatment Caregiving Home/Family Professional Health Info News Clinical Trials AD Research Centers Publications Browse/Search Newsletter Resources Literature Search (CHID) Media Room Conference Calendar Multi-Infarct Dementia Fact Sheet Download this fact sheet as a PDF Contents Introduction Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment ... For More Information Introduction Serious forgetfulness, mood swings, and other behavioral changes are not a normal part of aging. They may be caused by poor diet, lack of sleep, or too many medicines, for example. Feelings of loneliness, boredom, or depression also can cause forgetfulness. These problems are serious and should be treated. Often they can be reversed. Sometimes, however, mental changes are caused by diseases that permanently damage brain cells. The term dementia describes a medical condition that is caused by changes in the normal activity of very sensitive brain cells. These changes in the way the brain works can affect memory, speech, and the ability to carry out daily activities. Multi-infarct dementia is the most common form of vascular dementia, and accounts for 10-20% of all cases of progressive, or gradually worsening, dementia. It usually affects people between the ages of 60-75, and is more likely to occur in men than women.

35. Dementia: Update For The Practitioner Recognition of vascular dementia, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Vascular,inflammatory, and infectious causes of dementia are present in a higher http://ci.columbia.edu/c1182/web/sect_5/c1182_s5_1.html

Introduction Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease Karen L. Bell, M.D. Treatment Strategies for Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment Mary Sano, Ph.D. Treatment of Depression, Agitation, and Psychosis in Dementia Davangere P. Devanand, M.D. Recognition of Vascular Dementia, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, and Frontotemporal Dementia Lawrence S. Honig, M.D., Ph.D. Categorization of Dementias Prevalence of Non-Alzheimer's Dementias The Spectrum of Lewy-Body Disease Frontotemporal Dementia ... Neuropsychology of Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, and Frontotemporal Dementia Penne Sims, Ph.D. Neuroimaging in Dementia Scott A. Small, M.D. Genetics of Neurodegenerative Disease: Alzheimer's Disease, Frontotemporal Dementia Jennifer Williamson-Catania, M.S. Legal and Ethical Issues for Patients with Dementia Daniel G. Fish, Esq. Posttest Accreditation Reference List Acknowledgements Recognition of Vascular Dementia, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, and Frontotemporal Dementia Lawrence S. Honig, M.D., Ph.D.

36. Dementia: Update For The Practitioner Recognition of vascular dementia, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, The frequencyof strokes among the elderly makes vascular dementia difficult to diagnose. http://ci.columbia.edu/c1182/web/sect_5/c1182_s5_6.html

Introduction Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease Karen L. Bell, M.D. Treatment Strategies for Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment Mary Sano, Ph.D. Treatment of Depression, Agitation, and Psychosis in Dementia Davangere P. Devanand, M.D. Recognition of Vascular Dementia, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, and Frontotemporal Dementia Lawrence S. Honig, M.D., Ph.D. Categorization of Dementias Prevalence of Non-Alzheimer's Dementias The Spectrum of Lewy-Body Disease Frontotemporal Dementia ... Neuropsychology of Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, and Frontotemporal Dementia Penne Sims, Ph.D. Neuroimaging in Dementia Scott A. Small, M.D. Genetics of Neurodegenerative Disease: Alzheimer's Disease, Frontotemporal Dementia Jennifer Williamson-Catania, M.S. Legal and Ethical Issues for Patients with Dementia Daniel G. Fish, Esq. Posttest Accreditation Reference List Acknowledgements Recognition of Vascular Dementia, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, and Frontotemporal Dementia Lawrence S. Honig, M.D., Ph.D.

37. Aspirin For Vascular Dementia (Cochrane Review) Abstract of a systematic review of the effects of health care prepared by theCochrane Collaboration. http://www.update-software.com/Abstracts/AB001296.htm

From The Cochrane Library, Issue 3, 2005 Aspirin for vascular dementia (Cochrane Review) Rands G, Orrel M, Spector A, Williams P ABSTRACT What's new in this issue Search abstracts Browse alphabetical list of titles Browse by Review Group A substantive amendment to this systematic review was last made on 20 August 2000. Cochrane reviews are regularly checked and updated if necessary. Background: Aspirin is widely prescribed for patients with a diagnosis of vascular dementia; in one study, completed by geriatricians and psychiatrists in the UK, 80% of patients with clinical diagnoses of vascular dementia were prescribed aspirin. However, a number of queries remain unanswered. Is there convincing evidence that aspirin benefits patients with vascular dementia? Does aspirin affect cognition or improve prognosis? In addition, does the risk of cerebral or gastric haemorrhage outweigh any benefit? Objectives: To assess the evidence of effectiveness of the use of aspirin for vascular dementia. Search strategy: Trials were identified from a search of the Specialized Register of the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group on 24 November 2003 using the terms: aspirin and "vascu* or multi-infarct". This database contains records from all major medical databases and major trials databases and is updated regularly.In addition, relevant web sites were searched and some journals were hand searched. Specialists in the field were approached for unpublished material and any publications found were searched for additional references.

38. Www.alzwisc.org; Vascular Dementia. Information about vascular dementia. The most frequently diagnosed type ofvascular dementia is multiinfarct dementia, in which a series of small http://www.alzwisc.org/vasculardem.html

South Central Wisconsin Chapter, Serving Columbia, Dane, Grant, Green, Iowa, Lafayette, Richland, and Sauk Counties. Vascular dementia. ascular dementia is a general term for thinking impairment resulting from disruptions in the brain’s blood supply to cells involved in memory, reasoning, and emotion. The most frequently diagnosed type of vascular dementia is multi-infarct dementia, in which a series of small strokes block small arteries causing the destruction of brain tissue. The onset may appear sudden as it may take many strokes for symptoms to appear. These strokes may damage areas of the brain responsible for a specific function as well as producing general symptoms of dementia. As a result, many characteristic symptoms of vascular dementia mimic symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. In fact, “isolated” vascular dementia is uncommon. It occurs more frequently as a mixed dementia, such as vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Symptoms may include problems with recent memory, episodes of confusion, wandering or getting lost in familiar places, difficulty following instructions, apathy, sudden personality or mood change, laughing or crying inappropriately, difficulty walking, falls, rigidity or increased reflexes.

39. Aspirin For Vascular Dementia (Cochrane Review) Abstract of a systematic review of the effects of health care prepared by theCochrane Collaboration. http://www.cochrane.org/cochrane/revabstr/AB001296.htm

From The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2005 Aspirin for vascular dementia (Cochrane Review) Rands G, Orrel M, Spector A, Williams P ABSTRACT What's new in this issue Search abstracts Browse alphabetical list of titles Browse by Review Group A substantive amendment to this systematic review was last made on 20 August 2000. Cochrane reviews are regularly checked and updated if necessary. Background: Aspirin is widely prescribed for patients with a diagnosis of vascular dementia; in one study, completed by geriatricians and psychiatrists in the UK, 80% of patients with clinical diagnoses of vascular dementia were prescribed aspirin. However, a number of queries remain unanswered. Is there convincing evidence that aspirin benefits patients with vascular dementia? Does aspirin affect cognition or improve prognosis? In addition, does the risk of cerebral or gastric haemorrhage outweigh any benefit? Objectives: To assess the evidence of effectiveness of the use of aspirin for vascular dementia. Search strategy: Trials were identified from a search of the Specialized Register of the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group on 24 November 2003 using the terms: aspirin and "vascu* or multi-infarct". This database contains records from all major medical databases and major trials databases and is updated regularly.In addition, relevant web sites were searched and some journals were hand searched. Specialists in the field were approached for unpublished material and any publications found were searched for additional references.

40. Zhiling Decoction For Vascular Dementia (Cochrane Review) Abstract of a systematic review of the effects of health care prepared by theCochrane Collaboration. http://www.cochrane.org/cochrane/revabstr/AB004670.htm

From The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2005 Zhiling decoction for vascular dementia (Cochrane Review) Jirong Y, Xiaoyan Y, Taixiang W, Defen S, Birong D ABSTRACT What's new in this issue Search abstracts Browse alphabetical list of titles Browse by Review Group A substantive amendment to this systematic review was last made on 25 June 2004. Cochrane reviews are regularly checked and updated if necessary. Background: Zhiling decoction has a fixed composition of 15 Chinese herbs. The properties of each of these herbs and in combination provide the therapeutic rationale for a possible action of Zhiling decoction in dilating cerebral vessels and increasing cerebral blood flow, as well as reducing serum cholesterol. Thus the aim of this review is to evaluate efficacy and safety of Zhiling decoction for the treatment of vascular dementia. Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of Zhiling decoction for vascular dementia. Search strategy: The Specialized Register of the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group was searched on 2 January 2004 using the term Zhiling. This Register contains records from all major health care databases and many ongoing trials databases and is updated regularly. In addition the reviewers hand searched 83 Chinese Traditional Medicine Journals (1993 to 2003). Selection criteria: Randomised trials comparing Zhiling decoction with placebo in people with vascular dementia.

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