81. Log In Problems Direct contact with animals, particularly with sheep body fluids, was the most important modifiable risk factor. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/424739?srcmp=id-031502

82. Disease Archive - Rift Valley Fever The Federation of American Scientists s Animal Health and Emerging Diseases project is the Animal Division of the Program to Monitor Emerging Diseases http://www.fas.org/ahead/disease/rvf/

FAS Index Search Join FAS ... Disease Archive Index News Outbreaks First Out of Africa Rift Valley Fever is a member of the sand fly fever group (Phleborivus genus, Bunyaviridae family), but is the only fever of this group vectored by mosquitoes. It is transmitted from animals to humans, by bite or by exposure to infected animal tissues. Initial clinical signs of the disease in animals are not precisely described. It is often the case that the disease is suspected by a confluence of events - spontaneous abortions, human deaths - after animals die 24-36 hours from the first observance of their appetite loss and listlessness. The mortality rate in animals less than a week old is 90%. In humans, there are symptoms similar to those in Dengue fever – fever, headache, joint and muscle pain, weakness – plus a rash. Complications include hemorrhage, encephalitis and blindness. The mortality rate varies widely. Prior to the 2000 outbreak of Rift Valley fever in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, the disease was confined to the African continent, e.g., Egypt, Kenya, Tanzania and South Africa. While some Western experts claim to have found the reservoir of the virus in wild rodents in the 1970s in Egypt, South African scientists contend that the reservoir is not yet known. Thus, research is still pursued. Rift Valley Fever - First Out of Africa

83. Disease News - Rift Valley Fever The Federation of American Scientists s Animal Health and Emerging Diseases project is the Animal Division of the Program to Monitor Emerging Diseases http://www.fas.org/ahead/disease/rvf/2000/

FAS Index Search Join FAS ... Search ahead 2000 Disease News Rift Valley Fever Back to Disease News Back to Rift Valley Fever Main Page Jan Feb Mar Apr ... Dec December Rift Valley fever - Saudi Arabia ProMED-mail , 18 December 2000 The death toll from Rift Valley fever (RVF), [caused by] a virus that has affected the Arabian peninsula for more than 2 months, has risen to 109 in Saudi Arabia SUDAN: Qatar resumes meat imports , Integrated Regional Information Network, U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, 04 December 2000 The importations have been resumed after a regional ban was imposed by the Gulf States due to Rift Valley fever. November ETHIOPIA: Ogaden livestock traders hit hard by ban , Integrated Regional Information Network, U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, 25 November 2000 When the Gulf States slapped a Rift Valley fever ban on all livestock imports from the Horn of Africa region in October, crisis hit the Ogaden. October Rift Valley fever in Yemen - Update 4 , World Health Organization, 26 October 2000 As of 19 October, the Ministry of Public Health in Yemen has reported 653 suspected cases, including 80 deaths. WHO reports rising death tolls from disease outbreaks in Uganda and Saudi Arabia UN News , 25 October 2000 The death toll from outbreaks of Ebola fever in Uganda and Rift Valley fever in Saudi Arabia continues to rise, the United Nations World Health Organization (WHO) said today.

84. Cocci (Valley Fever) Clinic Cocci (valley fever) Clinic. Mayo Clinic provides the Phoenix area s only to treating Coccidioidomycosis (cocci), often referred to as valley fever. http://www.mayoclinic.org/cocci-clinic-sct/

Home About Mayo Clinic Jobs Contact Us Mayo Clinic Locations: Arizona Florida Minnesota Mayo Clinic ... Medical Specialties Coccidioidomycosis (Cocci) Clinic Cocci (Valley Fever) Clinic Overview Appointments Medical Services Cocci (Valley Fever) Clinic Mayo Clinic provides the Phoenix area's only multidisciplinary approach to treating Coccidioidomycosis (cocci), often referred to as Valley Fever. The Cocci Clinic includes physicians from many specialties who collaborate with one another to ensure the disease is effectively managed. Specialties represented in the Cocci Clinic include: Infectious Disease Pulmonary Medicine Dermatology Cardiothoracic Surgery Any patient infected with cocci can be seen at the Cocci Clinic. Referral would be appropriate for: Routine follow-up in managing the disease. Difficulty in diagnosis when test results fail to give clear-cut answers. Poor response to standard treatment and medications. Patients at risk for complicated or disseminated infection. Contraindicated for standard treatment (i.e. medication interaction, pregnancy, allergies, treatment-induced toxicity). Immune system issues such as transplant recipients, those undergoing chemotherapy and rheumatology patients.

85. Valley Fever Or San Joaquin Fever (Coccidiodomycosis) valley fever is an airborne fungal infection. It starts in the lungs, In many people, valley fever causes mild, flulike symptoms or none at all. http://www.csmc.edu/pf_5750.html

Valley Fever or San Joaquin Fever (Coccidiodomycosis) Valley Fever or San Joaquin Fever (Coccidiodomycosis) Valley fever is an airborne fungal infection. It starts in the lungs, and if not treated, it spreads to the bones and destroys them. Symptoms In many people, valley fever causes mild, flu-like symptoms or none at all. Valley fever, therefore, often goes undiagnosed and goes away without treatment. Symptoms include: Blood in the sputum Chest pain Chills Cough Fever Sore throat Sputum production In some people, however the infection may become severe and lead to a pneumonia-like illness. The disease may also affect other parts of the body, such as the skin, joints and brain. Valley fever can be fatal in people with weakened immune systems. The severe form of valley fever may develop a few weeks, months or sometimes years after the primary infection, and it may develop even after leaving the area where the fungi live. Symptoms of this form include: Low-grade fever Anorexia Weight loss Weakness The heavy involvement of the lungs may cause difficulty breathing or the skin to turn bluish from lack of oxygen. If it spreads beyond the lungs, it usually involves one or more tissue sites in the bones, joints, skin, organs or brain. Sites away from the lungs often become chronic and recur, sometimes long after antifungal therapy has been completed, seemingly successfully.

86. Rift Valley Fever: Essential Data Safety Precautions for Rift valley fever Casualties (Systematic name in 1997), Rift valley fever virus. ICTV Acronym, RVFV. Alternative Disease Names http://www.cbwinfo.com/Biological/Pathogens/RVFV.html

Web cbwinfo.com Home News History General ... Radiological Gateway Rift valley fever:essential data Viral weapon acting on humans and livestock Synopsis, Diagnosis, Symptoms, Countermeasures, ... IDC Codes Safety Precautions for Rift Valley Fever Casualties Droplet Precautions defined by the 1996 CDC guidelines should be adopted for handling patients. Mosquito control should be practiced. Biosafety level 3 practices should be adopted for handling of samples. Return to Top Synopsis of Agent Properties Causative organism: (Systematic name in 1997) Rift valley fever virus ICTV Acronym RVFV Alternative Disease Names: None Virus classification: A Phlebovirus, a member of the Bunyavirus family: an enveloped spherical virus with two subgenomic single-stranded RNAs. Click here for a detailed description of Bunyaviruses Vector involvement: The virus can be transmitted by the bites of culicine mosquitoes and by sandflies. It has also been caught by handling infected meat and aerosol or respiratory infection are well-documented. Epidemiology of natural outbreaks: The disease is normally limited to the region surrounding Africa's Great Rift Valley but has been seen in the Arabian Peninsula. It is primarily a disease of livestock but can spread to man.

87. REPORTS OF RIFT VALLEY FEVER IN KENYA AND SOMALIA - Travel Medicine Program - Pu REPORTS OF RIFT valley fever IN KENYA AND SOMALIA. http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/tmp-pmv/1998/203_e.html

Travel Health Advisory REPORTS OF RIFT VALLEY FEVER IN KENYA AND SOMALIA Health Canada's Laboratory Centre for Disease Control has been closely monitoring reports of Rift Valley fever in Kenya and Somalia. Based on laboratory tests at the National Institute for Virology in Johannesburg, South Africa, the World Health Organization has confirmed that an outbreak of Rift Valley fever may have affected humans and domestic animals (goat, sheep, cattle and camels) in Kenya's North-Eastern, Eastern, Rift Valley, Central and Coast provinces, including some national parks. Cases have also been reported in areas near Nairobi and Mombasa. An outbreak is also reported in the flooded areas in Somalia delimited by the towns of Belet Weyne and Johar on the Shabelle River. Much of the outbreak areas is difficult to access and the full extent of the outbreak is not yet known but reports indicate that approximately 300 people and hundreds of animals have died from disease in Kenya and a similar number in Somalia. Rift Valley fever is a virus that is widespread in Africa. It is transmitted by mosquitoes as well as exposure to infected animals or their tissues. Symptoms include high fever, diarrhea, jaundice, intestinal problems, and haemorrhagic complications. Currently, there is no vaccine available for Rift Valley fever.

88. Rift Valley Fever In Southern Saudi Arabia And Northern Yemen - Travel Medicine Health Canada has been monitoring an outbreak of Rift valley fever (RVF) in southern Saudi Arabia and a suspected outbreak in northern Yemen. http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/tmp-pmv/2000/rvf_sa_e.html

Travel Health Advisory Rift Valley Fever in southern Saudi Arabia and northern Yemen Health Canada is monitoring an outbreak of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) in Saudi Arabia. As of October 24, the World Health Organization (WHO) has confirmed 443 suspected cases of RVF with 85 deaths in the Jizan and Asir Provinces in southwestern Saudi Arabia. Health Canada is also monitoring an outbreak of RVF in northern Yemen as reported by the Yemeni Ministry of Health.As of October 19, there have been 653 suspected cases of RVF with 80 deaths reported in the Hodeidah, Hajjah, Mahweet and Sadeh Governorates in northwestern Yemen. Teams of scientists led by the WHO are in Saudi Arabia and Yemen to carry out extensive investigations, and assist in prevention and treatment efforts. At this time, the Health Ministries of Saudi Arabia and Yemen are implementing control measures against RVF, including the disposal of dead animals and insecticide spraying to destroy mosquitoes. Prior to these outbreaks, RVF, an acute viral haemorrhagic fever affecting domestic animals and humans, had occurred only on the African continent in the eastern and southern areas.

89. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: Valley Fever@ HighBeam Research The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition valley fever@ HighBeam Research. http://www.highbeam.com/ref/doc0.asp?docid=1E1:X-valley

90. Rift Valley Fever: New Therapeutic Targets And A Candidate Vaccine In Trials The Rift valley fever virus is largely transmitted by mosquitoes. In Africa, it is responsible for vast epidemics in animals (epizootics) and in humans. http://www.pasteur.fr/actu/presse/press/04Rift.html

February 20, 2004 Press release RIFT VALLEY FEVER: New Therapeutic Targets and a Candidate Vaccine in Trials Research teams from INSERM and the Institut Pasteur have just discovered the virulence mechanism of the Rift Valley Fever virus. This virus, often fatal in humans, regularly decimates herds of livestock in Africa. Understanding the interactions between the host and this virus should make it possible to identify new therapeutic targets against Rift Valley Fever. This research, published in the journal Cell on 20 February 2004, also emphasizes the importance of the candidate vaccine currently in development by Institut Pasteur researchers. An Emerging Disease The Rift Valley Fever virus is largely transmitted by mosquitoes. In Africa, it is responsible for vast epidemics in animals (epizootics) and in humans. In Kenya and Somalia in 1997-8, it claimed about 500 human victims and killed tens of thousands of heads of livestock. The disease is considered to be emerging since it spread beyond Africa in 2000, affecting 863 individuals in Saudi Arabia (120 deaths), and more than a thousand individuals in Yemen (121 deaths). The Rift Valley Fever virus is a potential agent of bioterrorism: it is listed under the American NIH and CDC's category 'A' alongside plague and anthrax. In humans, the infection can lead to severe encephalitis and to liver illnesses with serious and often fatal hemorrhagic fevers.

91. What Is Valley Fever? valley fever (coccidioidomycosis, or cocci) is caused by the valley fever is a sickness of degree. About 60 percent of the people who breathe the spores http://www.casa.arizona.edu/~peter/valleyfever/web/page4.html

What is Valley Fever? What is Valley Fever? Valley Fever (coccidioidomycosis, or cocci) is caused by the soil-dwelling fungus, Coccidioides immitis . The tiny seeds, or spores, become wind-borne and are inhaled into the lungs, where the infection starts. When soils containing the fungus are disturbed and dust is raised, spores may be inhaled with the dust. Dust disturbing activities include, the wind, construction, farming, among others. Once inside the lung, the spore transforms itself into a larger, multicellular structure called a spherule. The spherule continues to grow and will eventually burst, releasing endospores which develop into new spherules, and then repeats the cycle ( Figure 1 Valley Fever is a sickness of degree. About 60 percent of the people who breathe the spores do not get sick at all. For some it may feel like a cold or flu. For those sick enough to go to the doctor, it can be serious, with pneumonia-like symptoms, requiring medications and bed rest. Of all the people infected with Valley Fever, one or more out of 200 will develop the disseminated form, which is devastating, and can be fatal. These are the cases in which the disease spreads beyond the lungs through the bloodstream - typically to the skin, bones and the membranes surrounding the brain, causing meningitis. The Endemic Area Valley Fever derives its name from its discovery in the San Joaquin Valley of California, where it was also referred to as "San Joaquin Valley Fever", "desert rheumatism". Valley Fever is prevalent in the San Joaquin and Central Valleys of California, and in the hot, desert regions of southern Arizona (this includes the major metropolitan areas of Phoenix and Tucson), southern Nevada (including Las Vegas), southern Utah, southern New Mexico, western Texas (including El Paso), and Mexico (especially in the states of Sonora and Chihuahua). In addition

92. General Microbiology/Viruses/Bunyaviridae/Rift Valley Fever Virus: By Microbes.i Rift valley fever By MDtravelhealth.com . WHO Rift valley fever - Fact Sheet By The World Health Organization. http://www.microbes.info/resources/General_Microbiology/Viruses/Bunyaviridae/Rif

Resources General Microbiology Viruses Bunyaviridae : Rift Valley fever virus Links: Rift Valley Fever By The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/rvf.htm Rift Valley Fever By MDtravelhealth.com . http://www.mdtravelhealth.com/infectious/rift_valley_fever.html Rift Valley Fever By Science@NASA . http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2002/17apr_rvf.htm Rift Valley Fever - Fact Sheet By the Association of State and Territorial Directors of Health Promotion and Public Health Education. http://www.astdhpphe.org/infect/rift.html WHO - Rift Valley Fever - Fact Sheet By The World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs207/en/ General Microbiology Environmental Microbiology Food Microbiology Industrial Microbiology ... Site Map

93. Rift Valley Fever News - Healthcare Industry Today Rift valley fever. Service for healthcare industry professionals and analysts. Constantly updated news and information about Rift valley fever. http://www.healthcareindustrytoday.com/news/RiftValleyFever

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94. CIDRAP >> Scientists Worry That Rift Valley Fever Could Reach US Jul 21, 2004 (CIDRAP News) – Rift valley fever (RVF), a mosquitoborne disease that can kill humans and animals, is starting to grab the attention of http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/biosecurity/ag-biosec/news/july2104rift

Home About Us Center Support Contact Us ... Chemical Terrorism BIOSECURITY >> AGRICULTURAL BIOSECURITY NEWS Printable Page Scientists worry that Rift Valley fever could reach US Amy L. Becker Staff Writer The hemorrhagic fever virus has had a reputation for wreaking havoc with occasional outbreaks in Africa since at least the 1930s, when it was identified in Kenya. Rift Valley fever has remained largely confined to Africa since its debut, with brief forays into the Middle East. Experts say it's hard to measure the likelihood that the disease could reach the United States. If it did, however, it could find a home, because mosquitoes found in the US are known to be suitable hosts. The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) includes RVF among its List A pathogens, which means countries must report outbreaks. Such an outbreak in the United States could stop exports in their hoofprints. "It disrupts the trade with live ruminants and meat and meat products," said Will Hueston, DVM, PhD, director of the Center for Animal Health and Food Safety at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul. "All of a sudden you've got people concerned for themselves, their pets, and the food supply." Rift Valley fever is a cunning stalker. It can lie dormant for years in mosquito eggs in small potholes in Africa. Flooding turns potholes into puddles and sparks the disease cycle. Infected adult mosquitoes feed on animals and people, passing along RVF, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Mosquitoes take up the virus along with blood when they bite infected people and many kinds of animals.

95. CIDRAP >> Rift Valley Fever Rift valley fever As a Biological Weapon Clinical Features Rift valley fever (RVF) is caused by a hemorrhagic fever virus (RVF virus) that causes http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/biosecurity/ag-biosec/anim-disease/rvf.

Home About Us Center Support Contact Us ... Chemical Terrorism BIOSECURITY >> AGRICULTURAL BIOSECURITY ANIMAL DISEASES Printable Page Rift Valley Fever Last updated March 31, 2004 Agent Hosts Epidemiology Rift Valley Fever As a Biological Weapon ... References Agent Rift Valley fever (RVF) is caused by a hemorrhagic fever virus (RVF virus) that causes disease in both humans and animals. This document deals only with disease in animals. For more information on RVF in humans, see Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Key features of the viral agent are as follows: Family: Bunyaviridae Genus: Phlebovirus Virions enveloped, slightly pleomorphic, and 80 to 120 nm in diameter Genome contains single-stranded negative-sense RNA with three segments Segments are named S (small), M (medium), and L (large). Each segment is enclosed in a separate nucleocapsid within the virion. Major sites of viral replication: liver and spleen; the brain also a common site, especially in fetuses and neonates Inactivated by disinfectants (eg, sodium or calcium hypochlorite [residual chlorine should exceed 5,000 ppm]) and solutions having a pH of less than 6.2 (eg, acetic acid) (see

96. Valley Fever - YourDictionary.com - American Heritage Dictionary Search Mamma.com for valley fever . TYPE IN YOUR WORD CLICK GO! Search. Normal, Definitions, Short defs. (Pronunciation Key). valley fever http://www.yourdictionary.com/ahd/v/v0014150.html

Search Mamma.com for "valley fever" Search: Normal Definitions Short defs (Pronunciation Key) valley fever n. See coccidioidomycosis Back to Search Back The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition

97. Rift Valley Fever --  Encyclopædia Britannica Rift valley fever viral infection of animals that is transmissible to humans and causes a febrile illness of short duration. Headache, intolerance to light http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9063668

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Rift Valley fever Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Rift Valley fever  Encyclopædia Britannica Article Page 1 of 1 viral infection of animals that is transmissible to humans and causes a febrile illness of short duration. Headache, intolerance to light (photophobia), muscle pain, loss of appetite, and prostration are common symptoms. The virus is borne by mosquitoes Rift Valley fever... (75 of 132 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "Rift Valley fever."

98. Valley Fever valley fever. valley fever Vaccine Project of the Americas Rift valley fever A mosquito-borne virual disease leading to serious economic losses in http://www.ability.org.uk/Valley_Fever.html

"see the ability, not the disability" You to can help support the Ability Project by: Our Aims ... Z Valley Fever Valley Fever Vaccine Project of the Americas Rift Valley Fever - A mosquito-borne virual disease leading to serious economic losses in livestock, particularly sheep. Rift Valley fever in Mauritania Valley Players Theater - Waitsfield, VT. Contains information about theater calendar, Playwrights Award Contest, Cabin Fever Follies, children's theater. Webmaster . Site Design by Ability "see the ability, not the disability" Acknowledgments

99. Valley Fever Classes Artists Calendar Tool Box About Us Archives . valley fever. Annual Members Exhibition. September 22 October 23, 2004 http://www.mountainartcenter.org/Shows/valley_fever.htm

9341 Mill Street, Ben Lomond, CA 95005 831.336.3513 Home Events Classes Artists ... Archives Valley Fever Annual Members' Exhibition September 22 - October 23, 2004 Please click on the thumbnails below to view larger images "Inlet - Outlet" Barbara Lawrence Oil "Rift" Geoff Morton "The Studio" Sanda Jo Spiegel pigment on canvas "Quartanary Carapace" Jenny Morton Ceramic "Untitled" Crystal Kamaroff Ceramic "Plate" Dale Bates Raku "Brush Slope in Autumn" Nancy Fredrick Watercolor "Feral Artichokes" Carla Brennan Pastel Pencils "Wilder Ridge Trail" Linda Levy Digital Monotype "Pinot Noir Series" Joyce Chadderdon "Doorway to Heaven" Sandra Lee Garland Acrylic "Untitled" Rosalind Alley Acrylic "Sunflowers"

100. FRADS - Rift Valley Fever Federation of American Scientists information on Rift valley fever UN Mission report on Rift valley fever in Somalia Egypt s information on Rift Valley http://www.cvm.uiuc.edu/frads/lvl3_rvf.html

Search Faculty Contact Rift Valley Fever Information: CDC Information on Rift Valley Fever CDC report on Rift Valley Fever in East Africa More information on Rift Valley Fever WHO information on Rift Valley Fever ... Yahoo's miscellaneous websites on Rift Valley Fever Consultant Rift Valley Fever: General TM University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign College of Veterinary Medicine Contact: Dr. Kakoma - kakomai@uiuc.edu Phone: 217-333-1859

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