41. Toxoplasmosis And Pregnancy - DrGreene.com - Caring For The Next Generation Dr. Greene talks about toxoplasmosis and pregnancy, including steps you can take to avoid toxoplasmosis. http://www.drgreene.com/21_1644.html

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42. Toxoplasmosis - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Congenital toxoplasmosis May 15, 2003 - American Family PhysicianAn estimated 400 to 4000 cases of congenital toxoplasmosis occur in the United States In many instances, congenital toxoplasmosis can be prevented by http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmosis

You did it! Over US$240,000 was donated in the 21-day fund drive. Thank you for your generosity! You are still welcome to make a donation or purchase Wikimedia merchandise Toxoplasmosis From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii . It infects most animals and causes human parasitic diseases , but the primary host is the felid (Cat family). People usually get infected by eating raw or undercooked meat, or more rarely, by contact with cat faeces Congenital toxoplasmosis is a special form in which an unborn child is infected via the placenta . This is the reason that pregnant women should be checked to see if they have a titer to toxoplasmosis. A titer At least one third of the world population may have contracted a toxoplasmosis infection in their lifetime, after the acute infection has passed the parasite rarely causes any symptoms in otherwise healthy adults. However, people with a weakened immune system are particularly susceptible, such as people infected with HIV . The parasite can cause encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) and neurologic diseases and can affect the heart liver , and eyes chorioretinitis Treatment is very important for recently infected pregnant women, to prevent infection of the

43. Toxoplasmosis - May 15, 2003 - American Family Physician Cats sometimes carry the parasite that causes toxoplasmosis. If you are pregnant when you first get toxoplasmosis, you can pass the infection to your http://www.aafp.org/afp/20030515/2145ph.html

Advanced Search AAFP Home Page Journals Vol. 67/No. 10 (May 15, 2003) Please note: This information was as current as we could make it on the date given above. But medical information is always changing, and some information given here may be out of date. For regularly updated information on a variety of health topics, please visit familydoctor.org , the AAFP patient education Web site. An article on this topic is available in this issue of AFP. Toxoplasmosis What is toxoplasmosis, and how do you get it? Toxoplasmosis (say: tox-oh-plaz-moh-sis) is an infection caused by a tiny parasite. You would need a microscope to see it. You can get toxoplasmosis in the following ways: By swallowing the parasite in cat litter or dirt that has cat droppings in it. This can happen if you put your hands to your mouth after gardening, cleaning a cat litter box, or touching anything that has been in contact with cat droppings. Cats sometimes carry the parasite that causes toxoplasmosis. By eating raw or partly cooked meat, especially pork, lamb, or wild game.

44. Toxoplasmosis And Pregnancy How can toxo affect my pregnancy and do I need to get rid of the cat? http://www.womens-health.co.uk/toxo.asp

skip to: page content links on this page site navigation footer (site information) ... Links Women's Health Home Information about health conditions unrelated to pregnancy Problems and issues concerning early pregnancy Mid and late pregnancy information Get in touch and let us know what you think! Other websites which might be of interest www.womens-health.co.uk Women's Health Information Toxoplasmosis and pregnancy Toxoplasmosis is caused by a parasite called toxoplasma gondii. This is found in different forms in raw meat, within cats who eat raw meat and their faeces. Toxoplasmosis infection is common in both men and women outside of pregnancy, however it is infection during pregnancy that is of most concern as it can lead to infection in the unborn infant: congenital toxoplasmosis. Who is at risk? Once you have had toxoplasmosis, the body develops immunity and new exposure during pregnancy is not an issue. Peak incidence is between ages 25 and 30 years and in the UK by this time, about 30% of people will have had toxoplasmosis, hence will not be at risk of any problems during pregnancy. In the US, about 30-35% have antibodies and in France more than 65% of women will have already had toxoplasmosis. Because infection is more common in France, congenital toxoplasmosis occurs at over twice the rate in the UK or US. It is not known for sure how many women catch toxoplasmosis during pregnancy, but some research suggests it is of the order 2 in every 1000, which means about 1400 each year in the UK.

45. Complications: Toxoplasmosis toxoplasmosis is a common infection that, when contracted by a pregnant woman, can physical and mental disabilities in her unborn baby or even death. http://www.marchofdimes.com/pnhec/188_667.asp

View All Chapters Find Your Local Chapter September 9, 2005 Before You're Pregnant During Your Pregnancy Complications Caring for Your Baby ... [View All Articles] Toxoplasmosis What you need to know: Toxoplasmosis is a common infection that, when contracted by a pregnant woman, can pose serious risks to her unborn baby. An estimated 400-1,000 babies in the United States are born with toxoplasmosis each year. Babies born with toxoplasmosis often develop eye infections that can cause blindness. Some develop hearing loss and/or learning disabilities. Some babies are so severely infected at birth that they die or have serious long-term physical and mental disabilities. Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy can also cause miscarriage and stillbirth. What you can do: There are simple steps you can take to avoid toxoplasmosis infection: Don’t empty a cat’s litter box. Have someone else do this for you. Don’t feed your cat raw or undercooked meat. Keep your cat indoors, if possible. Don’t eat raw or undercooked meat, especially pork or lamb. Wash your hands immediately after touching raw meat.

46. Toxoplasma Gondii Photomicrographs of the stages of the organism that causes toxoplasmosis. http://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/tox1.htm

BLOOD, BONE MARROW, SPLEEN, LYMPHNODE, CNS AND EYE PARASITES SPOROZOEA Order: Eucoccidiida TOXOPLASMA GONDII tg1-ic Toxoplasma gondii: life cycle. tg2-ic T. gondii: T.gondii encephalitis (TE) is the most common cerebral opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS. The typical lesion is an ipodense focal area with ring contrast-enhancement and edema. (CT scan of a toxoplasmic encephalitis). tg3-ic T. gondii: tissue cysts, 100-300 µm, may contain up to 3.000 bradyzoites. The wall of mature pseudocysts is believed to represent a combination of host and parasitic components. tg4-ic T. gondii: diagnosis of TE is usually presumptive, based on clinical and radiologic findings and on the response to treatment; cerebral biopsy sometimes allows identification of pseudocysts in tissue sections. tg4b-ic T. gondii: toxoplasmic pseudocyst within an inflammatory tissue reaction. toxo100xbis-ic toxo250xbis-ic toxo400xbis-ic toxo1000xbis-ic T. gondii:

47. Medical References: Toxoplasmosis toxoplasmosis is a relatively widespread parasitic infection that can occur after eating raw or undercooked, exposure to cat feces, or soil that has been http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/681_1228.asp

View All Chapters Find Your Local Chapter September 9, 2005 Select one Folic Acid Pregnancy Prenatal Screening Infections/Diseases Loss Concerns Newborn Information Birth Defects Polio Genetics Research Funding Perinatal Statistics Medical References Continuing Education ... Prematurity Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis is a relatively widespread parasitic infection caused by a one-celled organism called Toxoplasma gondii. When contracted by a pregnant woman, the infection can pose serious risks to her fetus. Between one in 1,000 and one in 10,000 babies in this country is born infected with toxoplasmosis. Fortunately, a pregnant woman can follow some simple precautions that can reduce her chances of becoming infected. Since more than half of all pregnancies are unintended, these precautions should be followed by all women who could become pregnant. A pregnant woman who contracts toxoplasmosis for the first time has about a 40 percent chance of passing the infection to her fetus. However, the risk and severity of the baby's infection depend upon when in the pregnancy it occurs. Studies suggest that, when mothers are infected in the first trimester (first three months of pregnancy), about 15 percent of fetuses become infected, as compared to about 30 percent in the second trimester and about 60 percent in the third. However, the consequences of the fetal infection are more severe the earlier in pregnancy the infection occurs. What risks does toxoplasmosis pose to the baby?

48. Toxoplasmosis | The New Mexico Aids Info Net A description of toxoplasmosis, including transmission, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. http://www.aidsinfonet.org/articles.php?articleID=517

49. Toxoplasmosis Before AIDS, toxoplasmosis was of only limited concern to pediatricians. Acquired toxoplasmosis usually is asymptomatic. The acute acquired form however http://home.coqui.net/myrna/toxo.htm

Acquired Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma gondii is a common intracellular protozoan causing asymptomatic infections in most humans. Before AIDS, toxoplasmosis was of only limited concern to pediatricians. Congenital infections occurring in infants born to mothers with active toxoplasmosis were rarely observed. Now, a large number of toxplasmosis encephalitis are seen in AIDS patients caused by reactivation of previously acquired infection when the immunity decreases with the progression of AIDS. Now the significant mortality with this opportunistic infection has created new interest in treatment. In this issue we will discuss treatment of toxoplasma in immunocompetent patients and mention treatment in AIDS patients. Certain precautions diminish the possibility of acquiring toxoplasmosis, and they should be observed by high-risk groups, such as nonimmune pregnant women and immunodeficient patients. These individuals should not eat undercooked meat, should wash their hands after handling raw meat, and should avoid contact with material that is potentially contaminated with cat feces. Cycle: susceptible cats eat meat (mice) that contains tissue cysts or ingest oocytes excreted by other recently infected cats. Then it multiplies in the tips of villi in the cat’s distal ileum. A cat can excrete 10x7 to 10x9 oocytes per day! These can get into water also.

50. Toxoplasmosis The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is problematic and a definitive diagnosis In the past, treatment for toxoplasmosis has been based on a combination of http://www.fabcats.org/toxoplasmosis.html

Feline Advisory Bureau About FAB Membership Make a donation Boarding Catteries ... PKD scheme Toxoplasmosis in cats and man Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular coccidian parasite and is one of the most common parasitic diseases of animals and man. The definitive hosts for the parasite (the only animals in which the organism reproduces sexually) are members of the Felidae family (mainly domestic cats). T gondii is of primary importance since the range of intermediate hosts which can become infected encompasses virtually all warm-blooded animals, including man. Although infection with T gondii is extremely common, it is rarely a cause of significant disease in any species. Life cycle The life cycle of T gondii has been reviewed extensively. Cats usually become infected with T gondii Cats previously unexposed to T gondii usually begin shedding oocysts between 3 and 10 days after ingestion of infected tissue, and continue shedding for around 10-14 days, during which time many millions of oocysts may be produced. Once a cat has developed an immune response, further shedding of oocysts is extremely rare.

51. Dot Pharmacy: Update On Toxoplasmosis The parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis lurks innocently in the soil of your Sue Heap, support and information manager for The toxoplasmosis Trust, http://www.dotpharmacy.co.uk/uptoxo.html

Bog standard parasite The parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis lurks innocently in the soil of your back garden yet, if caught, it can lead to blindness and even congenital damage. Sue Heap , support and information manager for The Toxoplasmosis Trust, looks at how the infection can be managed OBJECTIVES To be aware of the life cycle of the parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis To recognise sources of human infection To be aware of the symptoms and consequences of infection To be aware of prevention measures To be aware of screening Toxoplasmosis is a common infection caused by the coccidian protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Around 30 per cent of the UK population have had the infection by the age of 30. After initial acute infection the normal immune system keeps the toxoplasma parasite inactive, and it remains dormant in muscle and brain tissue. Once a person has had toxoplasmosis they are generally thought to be protected for life unless they suffer an impairment to their immune system. It is an opportunistic infection and may present a significant health risk to the foetus, people with HIV/AIDS and transplant patients. In the immunocompetent it may cause debilitating and long-lasting symptoms similar to glandular fever or ME.

52. Toxoplasmosis And HIV toxoplasmosis associated with HIV infection is typically caused by HIVinfected patients may develop extracerebral toxoplasmosis with or without http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=kb-05&doc=kb-05-04-03

53. Toxoplasmosis Ocular toxoplasmosis occurs secondary to an infection by the protozoa, Although acquired toxoplasmosis may be seen, the majority of cases are felt to be http://insight.med.utah.edu/opatharch/retina/toxoplasmosis.htm

Home Up Contributors Submission Information ... Site Map Ocular toxoplasmosis occurs secondary to an infection by the protozoa, Toxoplasma gondii. Although acquired toxoplasmosis may be seen, the majority of cases are felt to be a reactivation of a congenital toxoplasmosis infection. Clinically, an active infection is characterized by an acute retino-choroiditis with a marded vitreous reaction overlying the active infection, leading to the characteristic fundus picture of the optic nerve appearing as a "headlight in the fog."(#22226) The healed lesion leads to a large scar, often with the white appearance of sclear near the center of the scar with heavy pigmentation seen peripherally (#22228, #22229). Histopathologically, the active infection is characterized by a protozoal infection of the retinal and the choroid(#9853) leading to coagulative necrosis of the retina with a diffuse granulomatous inflammation of the underlying choroid. The toxoplasma scar shows an abrupt transition of normal retina to the area of scar with extensive destruction of retina, RPE, and choroid with marked disruption of pigment(#22231).

54. UC Davis - Office Of Environmental Health&Safety Animal Use and Care Occupational Health Animals toxoplasmosis The most important step you can take to avoid toxoplasmosis is to avoid eating rare or http://ehs.ucdavis.edu/animal/health/toxoplasma.cfm

Toxoplasmosis Significance Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that can infect many animals, including man. It belongs to a larger group of parasites that are collectively called "coccidia". Toxoplasma occurs worldwide - an estimated 30% of all human beings have been infected by T. gondii at some point in their lives. Most infections are silent and have no ill effect on the patient. Occasionally, T. gondii infections can be devastating. If a woman who has not previously been infected with T. gondii becomes infected while she is pregnant, there is a significant chance that the organism will produce severe neurological damage in the developing fetus. T. gondii is also a special risk in the case of individuals that may have weakened immune systems, such as individuals receiving cancer or transplant therapy or individuals that are positive for HIV. Biology T. gondii is a protozoan parasite that passes one stage of it's life cycle in the gut of cats, and another stage of it's life cycle in the tissues of other animals. Humans can be infected by both phases. Oocysts are produced in the gut of cats that have recently eaten an infected prey animal, such as a mouse.

55. Pregnancy And Toxoplasmosis A woman who acquires toxoplasmosis during pregnancy can transmit the infection to her And a congenital toxoplasmosis infection in utero can lead to http://www.hsus.org/pets/pet_care/pregnancy_and_toxoplasmosis.html

Pet Care All in a Day's Work: How to Turn a Love of Animals into a Career Allergies to Pets Animal Angel: How You Can Help Neighborhood Critters In Need ... Videos Receive action alerts, tips, news and special offers via e-mail. Home Pets Pet Care Pregnancy and Toxoplasmosis Pregnancy and Toxoplasmosis If you're expecting a baby, you may have heard of toxoplasmosis because it can cause serious birth defects. A woman who acquires toxoplasmosis during pregnancy can transmit the infection to her unborn child. And a congenital toxoplasmosis infection in utero can lead to miscarriage or an array of malformations at birth. Because one of the ways to become infected is through contact with the infected feces of cats, many pregnant women try to lower their risk of acquiring toxoplasmosis by giving their cat away or putting the cat outside. Thankfully, you can easily avoid contracting toxoplasmosis from cat feces without giving up your beloved feline "baby." Cats acquire toxoplasmosis from eating contaminated raw meat, birds, mice, or soil. While cats are the only species of animal to shed the infectious stage in their feces, other animals can disseminate toxoplasmosis if their infected meat is eaten without proper cooking. Animal Care Professionals: Print and customize the PDF version of this tip sheet with your contact information.

56. Our Prescription For Toxoplasmosis Learn The Facts And Keep Your Clearly, the message is getting out toxoplasmosis is a rare disease in the The HSUS Reaches Out to ObGyn s on the Myths and Facts of toxoplasmosis http://www.hsus.org/pets/pet_care/our_prescription_for_toxoplasmosis_learn_the_f

Pet Care All in a Day's Work: How to Turn a Love of Animals into a Career Allergies to Pets Animal Angel: How You Can Help Neighborhood Critters In Need ... Videos Receive action alerts, tips, news and special offers via e-mail. Home Pets Pet Care Our Prescription for Toxoplasmosis: Learn the Facts and Keep Your Family Together Our Prescription for Toxoplasmosis: Learn the Facts and Keep Your Family Together Let's say you're an expectant mother. Perhaps you're even pregnant with your first child. Like any reasonable parent, you want what's best for your baby, even in utero. You look down at your cat—maybe the animal you've always considered your first "baby"—and vaguely recall a discussion you had with your mother about toxoplasmosis. Something about cats and infections and birth defects. Even miscarriages. Who does a worried mother turn to? The obvious choice, of course, is your obstetrician and gynecologist. But what if the doctor doesn't have the latest information? Or prefers not to offer an opinion on the situation? Where does that leave you? And where does it leave your cat? Too often, the answers to the latter two questions are these: It can leave you without your trusted animal companion, and it can leave the cat at the local shelter. To deal with this completely avoidable situation, The Humane Society of the United States recently contacted more than 31,000 obstetricians and gynecologists nationwide and provided them with a packet of information to help their patients understand the facts about the risks of toxoplasmosis. The bottom-line is this: Pregnant women need not give up their cats.

57. Toxoplasmosis Fact Sheet toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by a singlecelled parasite called Toxoplasma gondii. How does a person acquire toxoplasmosis? http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/dph_bcd/communicable/factsheets/Toxoplasmosis.htm

Topics A-Z Reference Center Search AIDS-HIV ... Tuberculosis Disease Fact Sheet Series: Toxoplasmosis Printable Version What is toxoplasmosis? Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by a single-celled parasite called Toxoplasma gondii. How does a person acquire toxoplasmosis? The disease can be acquired by ingesting raw or undercooked infected meat, especially pork, lamb or venison, or in raw milk that contains the parasite. The parasite is shed primarily in the feces of infected cats, and humans can become infected by the ingestion of food, water, or dirt contaminated with cat feces. After the parasite is shed in cat feces, it takes 1 to 5 days to become infective and then may remain infective for months to years. Toxoplasmosis can also be acquired through a transplacental infection, when an infected mother passes the infection to her fetus What are the symptoms of toxoplasmosis? The infection usually does not cause when acquired after birth. Common symptoms of individuals who do become ill, include fever and swollen lymph nodes. Less frequent symptoms include skin rash, fatigue, muscle and joint pain, pneumonia, and central nervous system problems. The illness tends to be more severe in persons with a weakened immune system. When a pregnant woman passes the infection to her fetus, serious abnormalities or death of the fetus may result, especially if the infection occurs early in the pregnancy.

58. DPDx - Toxoplasmosis http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Toxoplasmosis.htm

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59. Toxoplasmosis - MayoClinic.com toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by a common parasite. http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?id=DS00510

60. Toxoplasmosis Fact Sheet toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii People usually get toxoplasmosis from contact with cat feces (stool) or from http://edcp.org/factsheets/toxoplas.html

EDCP Mission/Vision General Information on Bioterrorism Bioterrorism Information for Health Care Providers Fact Sheets ... ImmuNet Toxoplasmosis Fact Sheet PDF Version for this Fact Sheet Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii The parasite is common in warm-blooded animals including cats, rats, mice, pigs, cows, sheep, chickens, and birds. People usually get toxoplasmosis from contact with cat feces (stool) or from eating undercooked meat The parasites are shed in the feces of infected cats and become infectious after 1 to 5 days. People become infected when they get the parasite in their mouths. This can happen when cleaning cat litter, or through contaminated food, water, or dust. Children can get toxoplasmosis by playing in sandboxes that contain cat feces. People can also get toxoplasmosis from eating infected meat that is undercooked (usually lamb or pork). People don't spread the infection to other people except when a mother gets toxoplasmosis during pregnancy and passes it to her unborn baby. Toxoplasmosis is a very severe infection for unborn babies and for people with weakened immune systems

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