21. ADAP Drugs: Clindamycin An antiparasitic drug used in combination with pyrimethamine for maintenance treatment of toxoplasmosis.(Cleocin) http://www.atdn.org/access/drugs/clin.html

clindamycin (Cleocin) Drug description Clindamycin is an antiparasitic drug used in combination with pyrimethamine for maintenance treatment of toxoplasmosis. Clindamycin is used to treat acute toxoplasmosis, although it may not be as effective as pyrimethamine-sulfa. Clindamycin is also used as an experimental treatment for active PCP pneumonia. Clindamycin is used for treatment of skin infections, respiratory tract infections, septicemia, abdominal infections, gynecologic infections, and topical treatment of severe acne. Side effects Clindamycin may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and mild rash. IV administration can cause a bitter taste in the mouth. Dosage Clindamycin comes in oral, injection and ointment formulations. The drug does not significantly cross the blood-brain barrier, but it crosses the placenta and enters breast milk. Clindamycin is mostly processed in the liver, so it should not be prescribed if you have liver impairment. Safety of the drug in pregnant or breast feeding women is not established. By mouth, adults are prescribed 150-450 mg every 6 hours. Pills must be taken with meals. Oral solution should not be refrigerated and is stable for 14 days at room temperature. Shake liquid preparations well. You must finish the drug as directed, even if you are feeling better. IV clindamycin is given 300-600 mg every 6-8 hours. Greater than 600 mg is not recommended. Topical clindamycin is applied in a 1% solution twice daily. The solution is flammable, so do not apply while smoking or near heat or flame. Wait 30 minutes after washing or shaving before applying.

22. MedlinePlus Toxoplasmosis toxoplasmosis http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

23. EMedicine - Toxoplasmosis : Article By Murat Hökelek, MD, PhD toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that produces a wide range of clinical syndromes in humans, other mammals, http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2294.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Infectious Diseases Toxoplasmosis Last Updated: November 8, 2004 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, T gondii, toxoplasma infection, parasite infection, parasitemia, parasitic infection, chorioretinitis, congenital toxoplasmosis, Sabin-Feldman dye test, hydrocephalus, seizures, unilateral microphthalmia, T-cell deficiency, T cell deficiency, immunosuppression, hematologic malignancy, bone marrow transplant, solid organ transplant, AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, tachyzoites, bradyzoites, fly infestation, cockroach infestation, pneumonitis, myocarditis, necrotizing encephalitis, brain abscess, toxoplasmic encephalitis, TE AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: , Technical Consultant of Parasitology Laboratory, Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ondokuz Mayýs University Medical School, Turkey

24. ADAP Drugs: Sulfadiazine A sulfa drug used in combination with pyrimethamine and leucovorin as maintenance treatment to prevent recurrence of toxoplasmosis. (Microsulfon) http://www.atdn.org/access/drugs/sulf.html

sulfadiazine (Microsulfon) Drug description Sulfadiazine is a sulfa drug used in combination with pyrimethamine and leucovorin as maintenance treatment to prevent recurrence of toxoplasmosis. When the immune system becomes weak - typically when a person has below 100 T4 cells - toxoplasmosis becomes active and causes disease. Side effects Many people have allergies to sulfa drugs and get rashes and fevers. Other side effects are suppression of white blood cells, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Kidney problems can also develop. The drug forms crystals in the kidneys which can lead to blockage and kidney failure. Dosage Sulfadiazine comes in 500 mg tablets. You must discontinue ddC until you are stable on sulfadiazine. Sulfadiazine is given in combination with pyrimethamine. The two drugs must be used together to be effective. The drugs are used at relatively high dosage, leading to a strong likelihood of side effects. These drugs cross the blood-brain barrier and can treat toxoplasmosis infection in the brain. The usual dose of sulfadiazine is 2-8 g daily in adults and 100-200 mg/kg daily in children. How long it may take to work Treatment usually is continued for 3-4 weeks. Longer treatment of up to 6 months may be required in people with AIDS. These drugs kill the form of the parasite that causes active disease, but do not kill that form that is the reservoir of infection. Relapse occurs in 50 percent of people who stop taking the drugs. For this reason it is important to continue on maintenance treatment, which is often a lower dose of the combination of pyrimethamine and the sulfa drug

25. Medical References Toxoplasmosis toxoplasmosis is a relatively widespread parasitic infection that can occur after eating raw or undercooked, exposure to cat feces, or soil that has http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

26. Toxoplasmosis Fact Sheet toxoplasmosis is a common disease found in birds and mammals across North America. The infection is caused by a parasite called toxoplasma gondi and affects http://www.metrokc.gov/health/prevcont/toxoplas.htm

Site Directory Public Health Webpage Directory For Care Providers Care Providers Homepage For Educators Health Educators Toolbox About Us Employee Directory Contact Us Public Health 999 3rd Ave, Ste. 1200 Seattle, WA 98104 Phone: 206-296-4600 TTY: 206-296-4931 Click here to email us Subscribe to Free Email Alerts! Click here to learn more Successful Search Tips Home Communicable disease facts Toxoplasmosis Communicable Diseases and Epidemiology Toxoplasmosis fact sheet What is toxoplasmosis? What are the symptoms? How is it spread? Pregnancy and toxoplasmosis ... Is there a treatment for toxoplasmosis? What is toxoplasmosis? Toxoplasmosis is a common disease found in birds and mammals across North America. The infection is caused by a parasite called toxoplasma gondi and affects 10 to 20 out of every 100 people in North America by the time they are adults. What are the symptoms? Fever Sore throat Sore muscles and tiredness Swollen glands in the neck, armpits or groin In some cases the infection can also cause temporary blurred vision or loss of vision Most people who are infected do not show any signs of the disease.

27. Mujeres Y Gatos Convivencia Posible, Embarazos Posibles. Convivencia posible, embarazos posibles, porque la toxoplasmosis puede evitarse. Descubre los beneficios de un gato en ni±os, adultos y embarazadas. Si a la informaci³n, NO al Abandono, http://mujeresygatos.tripod.com

setAdGroup('67.18.104.18'); var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Search: Lycos Tripod Dating Search Share This Page Report Abuse Edit your Site ... Contador gratuito Bienvenidos a... Convivencia posible Embarazos posibles informarle a la gente de que esta dedicado a desmentir al enterarme que algunos " - si es que dicen "regalen" - al gato sin saber informarnos antes y terminar Prevenciones Consejos para disminuir posibilidades. Datos a saber de Gatos Los beneficios para vos y tus hijos. Links Recomienda Mujeres y Gatos a un/a amigo/a "Toxoplasmosis SI a la NO al abandono mujeresygatos@yahoo.com No te vayas sin firmar!! Recomienda Mujeres y Gatos! Nombre de Tu Amigo: Email de Tu Amigo: Tu nombre: Tu Mail: Gracias por tu visita!! Arriba. Dexter Nani Neurus Piri Tigri Mu jer es y Ga t os un sit io Arg ent ino Acerca de Mujeres y Gatos E-mail: mujeresygatos@yahoo.com Prevenciones Datos a saber de Gatos Coloca un Logo en tu sitio. . - Libro de visitas. Firmar Leer

28. Toxoplasmosis toxoplasmosis is an infection that passes from animals to humans, sometimes without causing any symptoms. Learn more about this infection in this http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

29. Toxoplasma Gondii (toxoplasmosis) Toxoplasma gondii (toxoplasmosis) Toxoplasma gondii has very low host toxoplasmosis can also be transmitted transplacentally resulting in a http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

30. Cornell Feline Health Center--Brochure toxoplasmosis, a disease of cats and other mammalian species, is caused by a toxoplasmosis can also affect the eyes and central nervous system, http://www.vet.cornell.edu/fhc/resources/brochure/toxo.html

Education Research Services Departments ... brochure Search: Toxoplasmosis in Cats T oxoplasmosis, a disease of cats and other mammalian species, is caused by a parasitic protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii The Life Cycle of Toxoplasma During the intraintestinal infection cycle in the cat, some Toxoplasma organisms released from the ingested cysts penetrate more deeply into the wall of the intestine and multiply as tachyzoite forms. Very soon these forms spread out from the intestine to other body sites, starting the extraintestinal infection cycle. Eventually the cat's immune system restrains this stage of the organism, which then enters a dormant or "resting" stage by forming cysts in muscles and brain. Most cysts probably remain dormant for the life of the host. The extraintestinal infection cycle occurs not only in cats but also in the intermediate hosts (including humans). Return to Top Signs toxoplasmosis Diagnosis The presence of significant antibody levels in a healthy cat suggests that the cat has been previously infected and now is most likely immune and not excreting oocysts. The absence of antibody in a healthy cat suggests that the cat is susceptible to infection and thus would shed oocysts for one to two weeks following exposure. Treatment and Prevention No vaccine is as yet available to prevent either Toxoplasma infection or toxoplasmosis in cats, humans, or other species. Research in this area is in progress.

31. CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS Infection of the pregnant mother could be harmful for unborn babies. Prophylaxis, early detection and treatment can avoid Congenital toxoplasmosis http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

32. Care For Animals Protozoan parasitic disease transmissible from animals to people. Includes transmission routes, dangers to people, prevention, and symptoms in cats. http://www.avma.org/careforanimals/animatedjourneys/pethealth/pethealth.asp

Pet Health General Illnesses Pet Health General Illnesses and Diseases ... Equine Health General Illnesses and Diseases Signs of Ill Health Cancer Lyme Disease Parasites ... Toxoplasmosis Other Pet Health Concerns: Dental Health Vaccinations First Aid Signs of Ill Health Top Only a healthy pet is a happy companion. Assuring your pet's daily well-being requires regular care and close attention to any hint of ill health. The American Veterinary Medical Association therefore suggests that you consult your veterinarian if your pet shows any of the following signs: Abnormal discharges from the nose, eyes, or other body openings Loss of appetite, marked weight losses or gains, or excessive water consumption Difficult, abnormal, or uncontrolled waste elimination Abnormal behavior, sudden viciousness, or lethargy Abnormal lumps, limping, or difficulty getting up or lying down Excessive head shaking, scratching, and licking or biting any part of the body Dandruff, loss of hair, open sores, and a ragged or dull coat. Foul breath or excessive tarter deposits on teeth Cancer Top How Common is Cancer?

33. FIV And Toxoplasmosis_For The Cat Owner Diagnosis, treatment and prevention; connections between the conditions. http://www.fiv-toxo.exactpages.com

FREE WEB HOSTING domain registration hosting Teen Chat cheap web hosting ... notebook computer FIV and Toxoplasmosis 1. What is toxoplasmosis? 2. What connection does it have to Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) Infection? 3. How is toxoplasmosis treated? 4. Can toxoplasmosis reactivation be prevented? 5. How is toxoplasmosis diagnosed? 6. What can the owners of FIV cats do to protect them? 1. What is toxoplasmosis? Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that can infect both humans and cats. When it produces symptoms at all, they are usually variable, mild, and of short duration: transient fever, diarrhea, swollen glands, and/or flu-like symptoms. Infection with the organism is dangerous only to pregnant, very young, or immune-suppressed individuals. In humans, pregnant mothers harboring the parasite can pass it on to the fetuses that they are carrying and to whom, because of their undeveloped immune systems, it is mortally dangerous. The advice that pregnant women avoid cleaning cat litter boxes or otherwise coming into contact with feline feces is generally well known. (However, a study published in the July 2000 British Medical Journal 2. What connection does toxoplasmosis have to FIV infection?

34. Toxoplasmosis In Pregnancy Familydoctor.org Information about toxoplasmosis in pregnancy from the American Academy of Family Physicians. http://familydoctor.org/180.xml

Advanced Search familydoctor.org Home Women Pregnancy and Childbirth Toxoplasmosis in Pregnancy What is toxoplasmosis? What happens if I have it? How do I know if I have it? How can I avoid toxoplasma during pregnancy? Toxoplasmosis in Pregnancy Printer-friendly version Email this article What is toxoplasmosis? Toxoplasmosis is an infection that can threaten the health of an unborn child. It is caused by a parasite called Toxoplasma gondii . The parasite multiplies in the intestine of cats and is shed in cat feces, mainly into litter boxes and garden soil. You can get the parasite by handling cat litter or soil where there is cat feces. You can also get the parasite from eating undercooked meat (such as rare beef) from animals infected with the parasite. Return to top What happens if I have it? Healthy adults usually do not suffer ill effects from toxoplasmosis and many times do not have enough symptoms to suggest infection. Symptoms are rare, but can resemble the flu. However, if you become infected while pregnant, your unborn child may also become infected. Infected babies may not develop any disease, or they may become very ill, with serious damage to the brain and eyes. If you have been infected previously (at least 6 to 9 months before your pregnancy) with toxoplasma, you will develop immunity to it. The infection will not be active when you become pregnant, and so there is rarely a risk to your baby.

35. ADAP Drugs: Sulfadoxine An antibiotic that has been used to prevent PCP. It may also be effective in preventing toxoplasmosis.(Fansidar). http://www.atdn.org/access/drugs/sulfa.html

sulfadoxine (Fansidar) Drug description Sulfadoxine is an antibiotic that has been used to prevent PCP. It may also be effective in preventing toxoplasmosis. Sulfadoxine appears to be effective against PCP, but in rare and unpredictable cases it can have very dangerous and even fatal side effects, in some instances an allergic response called Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Use of Bactrim dapsone , or aerosolized pentamidine is preferable. Side effects Stevens-Johnson syndrome, skin allergies, liver damage, high fever and weakness, anemia, sensitivity to light, bleeding and/or bruising, folic acid deficiency (loss of taste, inflammation of the tongue, diarrhea, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, inflammation of the mouth), skin rash, fatigue, aching in joints or muscles, red blood cells in the urine, difficult or painful urination, goiter, tremors, seizures, headache, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Dosage Pyrimethamine comes in tablets combined with sulfadoxine. For treatment of isosporiasis, adults take 50-75 mg of pyrimethamine daily, as needed to control or eliminate infection. For treatment of toxoplasmosis, usual dose is 25 mg daily. For AIDS related toxoplasmosis, treatment begins with a loading dose of 100-200 mg in 2 divided doses daily for the first 2 days, then 50-75 mg daily. Maintenance treatment is 25 mg per day, sulfadiazine 4 grams per day, and leucovorin 10 mg per day. How long it may take to work For maintenance, treatment is ongoing. Maintenance treatment means you keep taking the drug to control an infection so that you don't become ill. For controlling malaria or toxoplasmosis, continual use on a regular schedule for 4-6 weeks is usually necessary.

36. Toxoplasmosis Y El Embarazo Familydoctor.org La toxoplasmosis es una infección que puede atentar contra la salud de un niño que aún no ha nacido. Es causada por un parásito llamado Toxoplasma gondii. http://familydoctor.org/e180.xml

familydoctor.org Toxoplasmosis y el Embarazo Toxoplasmosis y el Embarazo Toxoplasma gondii Volver Volver Volver Evite comer carne o ave cruda o poco cocinada y frutas o vegetales sin lavar. Evite comer huevos crudos y leche sin pasteurizar. Volver Revisado/Actualizado: 07/04 Creado: 09/00 American Academy of Family Physicians Contactarnos Sobre Este Sitio

37. Care For Animals Protozoan parasitic disease transmissible from animals to people. Includes transmission routes, dangers to people, prevention, and symptoms in cats. http://www.avma.org/careforanimals/animatedjourneys/pethealth/pethealth.asp#6

Pet Health General Illnesses Pet Health General Illnesses and Diseases ... Equine Health General Illnesses and Diseases Signs of Ill Health Cancer Lyme Disease Parasites ... Toxoplasmosis Other Pet Health Concerns: Dental Health Vaccinations First Aid Signs of Ill Health Top Only a healthy pet is a happy companion. Assuring your pet's daily well-being requires regular care and close attention to any hint of ill health. The American Veterinary Medical Association therefore suggests that you consult your veterinarian if your pet shows any of the following signs: Abnormal discharges from the nose, eyes, or other body openings Loss of appetite, marked weight losses or gains, or excessive water consumption Difficult, abnormal, or uncontrolled waste elimination Abnormal behavior, sudden viciousness, or lethargy Abnormal lumps, limping, or difficulty getting up or lying down Excessive head shaking, scratching, and licking or biting any part of the body Dandruff, loss of hair, open sores, and a ragged or dull coat. Foul breath or excessive tarter deposits on teeth Cancer Top How Common is Cancer?

38. Division Of Parasitic Diseases - Toxoplasmosis Features symptoms, fact sheet, laboratory tests, and articles. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/toxoplasmosis/

Alphabetical Listing Travel Toxoplasmosis (TOX-o-plaz-MO-sis) Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis Brochures Toxoplasmosis: An Important Message for Women (248KB, 2 pages) You Can Prevent Toxo : A Guide for People with HIV Infection Toxoplasmosis: An Important Message for Cat Owners (1.82MB, 2 pages) Toxoplasmosis Top Home Professional Info ... CDC Health Topics A-Z This page last reviewed September 23, 2004 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Infectious Diseases Division of Parasitic Diseases

39. CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS - Symptoms The consequences of the infection can be very different between subclinical and very serious Hydrozephalus, Intracranial calcification, Chorioretinitis. http://www.trojovsky.net/toxo/toxosympt.htm

Congenital Toxoplasmosis Symptoms The consequences of the infection of the fetus can be very different: between subclinical and very serious. Abortion Overt disease . The symptoms vary widely, the classical triad of Congenital Toxoplasmosis is Hydrozephalus Intracranial calcification Chorioretinitis Subclinical infection: no symptoms at birth late onset symptoms (most common in the eyes: Chorioretinitis) no symptoms at all In general You can say: The earlier in pregnancy the mother is infected, the lower is the risk of an infection of the fetus, but the severer is the disease. The later in pregnancy the mother is infected, the higher is the possibility of fetal infection, and the disease is less severe (often subclinical infection) Adults and children can get infected: asymptomatic (90%) or with symptoms like flu: fever, typically swollen lymphatic glands. symptoms which need treatment are very rare In case of immunodeficiency the symptoms can be serious! Some pictures of symptoms of Congenital Toxoplasmosis: Hydrozephalus Intracranial calcification Chorioretinitis Up to the classical triade Congenital Toxoplasmosis This page was established by: Alex Trojovsky Visitors: file last changed: August 20 th

40. Children's Health - Prenatal - DrGreene.com toxoplasmosis and Pregnancy How To Determine and Manage Rh Incompatibility Diabetes Linked to Birth Month Preventable Mental Retardation? http://www.drgreene.com/54_3.html

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