21. Thromboangiitis Obliterans Medical Information thromboangiitis obliterans Information from Drugs.com. http://www.drugs.com/enc/thromboangiitis_obliterans.html

Home New Drugs Latest News Drug Interactions ... Forum Drugs.com - prescription drug and medicine information available on over 24,000 approved- medications and pharmaceuticals, including side effects and drug interactions. Log-in Register Advertisement Buy a Link Now Special Offers From our sponsors Categories Diabetes Gastro Center Weight Loss AIDS/HIV ... Sexual Health Advertisement Advanced Search Or click the first letter of a drug name: A B C D ... Z Thromboangiitis obliterans Injury Disease Nutrition Poison ... Circulatory system Thromboangiitis obliterans Definition Thromboangiitis obliterans is a disease that causes obstruction of the blood vessels of the hands and feet. Alternative Names Buerger's disease Causes Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is caused by vasculitis, which is an inflammation of blood vessels. Inflammation is irritation with presence of extra immune cells. The blood vessels of the hands and feet are especially affected, becoming constricted or totally blocked. This reduces blood flow to the tissues of hands and feet, resulting in pain and eventually damage. Thromboangiitis obliterans affects approximately 6 out of every 10,000 people. It almost always affects men 20 to 40 years of age who have a history of smoking or chewing tobacco.

22. Buerger's Disease Also called thromboangiitis obliterans , Buerger's disease is most common with people who smoke. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

23. DermAtlas Online Dermatology Image Library Dermatology Image DermAtlas Dermatology Images thromboangiitis obliterans,dermatology image,Buergerdisease images. thromboangiitis obliterans, Category, other http://dermatlas.med.jhmi.edu/derm/result.cfm?Diagnosis=404925720

24. DermAtlas Online Dermatology Image Library Dermatology Image DermAtlas Dermatology Images ulcer,thromboangiitis obliterans,ischemia,gangrene,dermatologyimage,Buerger disease images. http://dermatlas.med.jhmi.edu/derm/result.cfm?Diagnosis=1020825299

25. Resume-96-t1-res8-a thromboangiitis obliterans is a segmental obliterating inflammatory arteritis In our patient with suspected thromboangiitis obliterans, the occurence of http://www-sante.ujf-grenoble.fr/SANTE/jmv/jmv-a/1996-a/96tome1-a/96-t1-res8-a.h

Summary Pseudothromboangiitis obliterans and qualitative protein C defect : a case report. Reference : J Mal Vasc 1996 ; 21 : pages 47-49. Key-words : Thromboangiitis obliterans. Cerebral venous thrombosis. Protein C deficiency. to the contents

26. ► Thromboangiitis Obliterans A medical encycopedia article on the topic thromboangiitis obliterans. http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/000172.htm

var MenuLinkedBy='AllWebMenus [2]', awmBN='530'; awmAltUrl=''; Disease Nutrition Surgery Symptoms Injury ... Encyclopedia (English) Toggle English Spanish Thromboangiitis obliterans Overview Symptoms Treatment Prevention Definition: Thromboangiitis obliterans is a disease that causes obstruction of the blood vessels of the hands and feet. Alternative Names: Buerger's disease Causes, incidence, and risk factors: Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is caused by vasculitis, which is an inflammation (irritation with presence of extra immune cells) of blood vessels. The blood vessels of the hands and feet are especially affected, becoming constricted or totally blocked. This reduces blood flow to the tissues of hands and feet, resulting in pain and eventually damage. Thromboangiitis obliterans affects approximately 6 out of every 10,000 people. It almost always affects men aged 20 to 40 years old who have a history of smoking or chewing tobacco. The condition may also be associated with a history of Raynaud's disease . This disorder is very uncommon in children, but may occur in those with

27. ► Thromboangiitis Obliterans A medical encycopedia article on the topic thromboangiitis obliterans. http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/000172trt.htm

var MenuLinkedBy='AllWebMenus [2]', awmBN='530'; awmAltUrl=''; Disease Nutrition Surgery Symptoms Injury ... Encyclopedia (English) Toggle English Spanish Thromboangiitis obliterans Overview Symptoms Treatment Prevention Alternative Names: Buerger's disease Treatment: There is no cure for thromboangiitis obliterans. The goal of treatment is to control symptoms. The affected person must stop smoking if the affected extremity is to be saved. Cold temperatures and other conditions that reduce circulation to the extremities should be avoided. Attempts to increase circulation may include warmth and gentle exercise Surgical sympathectomy (cutting the nerves to the area) may help control pain. Aspirin and vasodilators may also used. Amputation of the extremity may be necessary if infection or extensive tissue death occurs. Expectations (prognosis): Symptoms of thromboangiitis obliterans may disappear if the person stops tobacco use . For some, amputation is unavoidable. Complications: Gangrene (tissue death) Loss of circulation beyond the affected extremity Amputation Calling your health care provider: Call your health care provider if symptoms indicate thromboangiitis obliterans is present, if symptoms worsen despite treatment, or if new symptoms develop.

28. Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease) ICD9-CM 443.1 thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger s disease) The changingclinical spectrum of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger s disease). http://www.5mcc.com/Assets/SUMMARY/TP0910.html

Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) DESCRIPTION: Nonatherosclerotic segmental occlusion of small and medium sized arteries and veins caused by inflammatory changes in these vessels. It primarily occurs in men who smoke. System(s) affected: Cardiovascular Genetics: Greater prevalence of HLA-A54, HLA-A9 and HLA-B5. Familial cases reported rarely. Incidence/Prevalence in USA: Predominant age: 20 to 40 years Predominant sex: CAUSES: (Postulated) Smoking Genetic factors Autoimmune disorder with cell mediated sensitivity to types I and III human collagens (both are normal constituents of blood vessels) Impaired peripheral endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Nonendothelium mechanisms of vasodilation are intact. Arsenic content of tobacco Synonyms: Buerger's disease TAO ICD-9-CM: 443.1 Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) REFERENCES: Case records of the Mass. General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. case 16-1989. A 36 year-old man with peripheral vascular disease. New Eng J Med 1989;20;320(16):1068-76 Olin JW, et al. The changing clinical spectrum of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease). Circulation Supplement IV 1990;82(5)

29. DermIS / Main Menu / DOIA / Alphabetically / Diagnosenames alphabetically / diagnosenames containing thromboangiitis obliterans diagnosenames containing thromboangiitis obliterans http://www.dermis.net/doia/abrowser.asp?zugr=d&lang=e&beginswith=thromboangiitis

30. Thromboangiitis Obliterans - Buerger's Disease - Information Page With HONselect Scientific articles from MEDLINE for thromboangiitis obliterans MedicalConferences/Events for thromboangiitis obliterans http://www.hon.ch/HONselect/RareDiseases/EN/C14.907.137.870.html

InitBulle("navy","#F8F8F8","#000066",1); HONcode sites All Web sites HONselect News ... Images HONselect Search English French German Spanish Portuguese the word the part of word in MeSH term in MeSH term and description Information on "Thromboangiitis Obliterans": Medical hierarchy and definition Research Articles Web resources Medical Images Medical News Medical Conferences Clinical Trials Hierarchy English French German Spanish Portuguese Thromboangiitis Obliterans Synonym(s): Buerger's Disease / Buerger Disease / Thromboangitis Obliterans / Buergers Disease / Browse New search Web resources for "Thromboangiitis Obliterans" English French German Spanish = Site with HON description - = Site with a robot description info: enter the site: (click below) domain of the site: HONcode - eMedicine - Buerger Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans) : Article by Eric J Hanly, MD www.emedicine.com HONcode - Vascularisation of Ischemic Limbs in Severe Occlusive Arterial Diseases, a New Concept and an Easy Technique bharat_kelkar.tripod.com HONcode - Thromboangiitis obliterans www.healthcentral.com

31. HONselect - Thromboangiitis Obliterans Thromboangitis Obliterans - Buergers Disease - Disease, Buerger http://www.hon.ch/HONselect/RareDiseases/C14.907.137.870.html

List of rare diseases: English Deutsch Language: MeSH term: Accepted terms: English: Thromboangiitis Obliterans - Buerger's Disease - Buerger Disease - Thromboangitis Obliterans - Buergers Disease - Disease, Buerger - Disease, Buerger's Français: Thromboangéite oblitérante - Thromboartérite juvénile - Maladie de Buerger Deutsch: Thrombangiitis obliterans - Buerger-Krankheit - Endangitis obliterans - Thrombendangitis obliterans - Winiwarter-Buerger-Krankheit Español: Tromboangiitis Obliterante - Enfermedad de Buerger Português: Tromboangiite Obliterante - Doença de Buerger HONselect ressources Definition: No Articles: Yes Images: Yes News: No Conferences: No Clinical trials: No Web sites: English Yes Français Yes Deutsch No Español Yes Português No Home About us Site map Search ... Contact http://www.hon.ch/HONselect/RareDiseases/C14.907.137.870.html Last modified: Wed May 18 2005

32. Thromboangiitis Obliterans providing information for patients and clinicians on symptoms, diagnosistreatment and prognosis. Vasculitis; thromboangiitis obliterans; http://omni.ac.uk/browse/mesh/D013919.html

low graphics Thromboangiitis Obliterans broader: Vasculitis other: Behcet Syndrome Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome Degos disease This is the Web site of the Degos Patients Support Network. Degos Disease is a rare disease, also known as malignant atrophic papulosis, initially presenting as a skin condition characterised by red papules with white centres, and telangiectasia. Serious (possibly fatal) gastrointestinal and neurologic symptoms usually follow. This Web site brings together what little is know about the condition, providing information for patients and clinicians on symptoms, diagnosis treatment and prognosis. Vasculitis Thromboangiitis Obliterans Last modified: 09 Sep 2005

33. Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease) a CHORUS notecard document about thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease) http://chorus.rad.mcw.edu/doc/00394.html

CHORUS Collaborative Hypertext of Radiology Cardiovascular system About CHORUS Search Feedback thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease) unknown etiology young males (under 40 y/o) a/w heavy cigarette smoking panarteritis with thrombotic occlusion medium + small arteries of extremities foot + calf aa. most often, also knee + SFA +/- mesenteric vessels Charles E. Kahn, Jr., MD - 2 February 1995 Last updated 26 May 2004 Related CHORUS documents: valvular aortic stenosis bronchiectasis Chilaiditi syndrome esophageal webs and rings ... Hamman-Rich syndrome Search for related articles: AJR American Journal of Roentgenology PubMed : index to biomedical literature ... Medical College of Wisconsin

34. Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease) thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease). unknown etiology; young males (under40 y/o); a/w heavy cigarette smoking http://chorus.rad.mcw.edu/to-go/00394.html

thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease) unknown etiology young males (under 40 y/o) a/w heavy cigarette smoking panarteritis with thrombotic occlusion medium + small arteries of extremities foot + calf aa. most often, also knee + SFA +/- mesenteric vessels Home Cardiovascular system

35. NEJM -- Sign In Correspondence from The New England Journal of Medicine ThromboangiitisObliterans (Buerger s Disease) http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/344/3/230

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36. NEJM -- Sign In Review Article from The New England Journal of Medicine ThromboangiitisObliterans (Buerger s Disease) http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/343/12/864

HOME SEARCH CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES ... HELP Access to this article requires sign-in. Subscribers have access to all content. Other registered users have access to research articles six months old and older. If you're a registered user or an activated subscriber SIGN IN User Name Password Forgot your Password? Click here and we'll e-mail it to you. If you do not use cookies, sign in here. Remember my User Name and Password. Log in via Athens. PURCHASE THIS ARTICLE Purchase a single article and get immediate online access for just $10. If you're a subscriber but have not yet activated your full online access If you'd like to purchase a subscription to NEJM If you're not a subscriber and want FREE limited access... ACTIVATE YOUR SUBSCRIPTION Subscribers to NEJM are entitled to full access to all online content and features, including 20 FREE online CME exams. OR Receive full access to ALL current content and online features including Personal Archives, PDF article downloads, PDA access, E-mail alerts and 20 FREE online CME exams. OR Receive FREE online access to NEJM Original and Special Articles 6 months after publication and choose to receive the Table of Contents and notification of early release articles via e-mail.

37. Update On Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease) - March 15, 2001 - Amer Update on thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger s Disease). thromboangiitis obliterans,also known as Buerger s disease, is a nonatherosclerotic inflammatory http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010315/tips/7.html

Advanced Search Tips from Other Journals Previous Next Update on Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease) Thromboangiitis obliterans, also known as Buerger's disease, is a nonatherosclerotic inflammatory disease of the small-sized and medium-sized arteries and veins of the arms and legs. Although inflammatory by nature, it spares the blood vessel walls. Unlike other types of vasculitis, the acute-phase reactants (such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein) are normal in patients with Buerger's disease. A pathologic finding of acute disease is an occlusive, highly cellular, inflammatory thrombus. The disease is found worldwide, but the highest incidence of thromboangiitis obliterans occurs in the Middle East and Far East. Prevalence ranges from about 12 percent in the United States to 63 percent in India to 80 percent among Jews of Ashkenazi ancestry living in Israel. Part of this difference in disease incidence may be due to variability in diagnostic criteria. Olin reviewed the current concepts of this disease. Although the cause of Buerger's disease is unknown, the strongest association is with tobacco use. Occurrences of the disease have been reported, but uncommonly, in persons who use smokeless tobacco or snuff. A current or previous history of smoking is usually a required diagnostic criterion.

38. Thromboangiitis Obliterans - General Practice Notebook thromboangiitis obliterans. Buerger s disease typically occurs in heavy smokerswho started smoking at an early age. It begins in young adult life, http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/cache/241893391.htm

thromboangiitis obliterans Buerger's disease typically occurs in heavy smokers who started smoking at an early age. It begins in young adult life, usually between 20 and 35 years of age, and historically, has been regarded as a male disease. However, several cases have now been reported both in women, perhaps coincidental with the increase in women smokers, and in non-smokers. Click here for more information...

39. Thromboangiitis Obliterans - Alegent Health Serving Eastern Nebraska And Southwe thromboangiitis obliterans courtesy of Alegent Health serving eastern Nebraskaand southwest Iowa - Council Bluffs, Iowa - Corning, Iowa - Missouri Valley http://www.alegent.com/14191.cfm

@import url(default.css); Back to Health Library Print This Page Email to a Friend Thromboangiites obliterans ... Circulatory system Thromboangiitis obliterans Definition: Thromboangiitis obliterans is a disease that causes obstruction of the blood vessels of the hands and feet. Alternative Names: Buerger's disease Causes, incidence, and risk factors: Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is caused by vasculitis, which is an inflammation of blood vessels. Inflammation is irritation with presence of extra immune cells. The blood vessels of the hands and feet are especially affected, becoming constricted or totally blocked. This reduces blood flow to the tissues of hands and feet, resulting in pain and eventually damage. Thromboangiitis obliterans affects approximately 6 out of every 10,000 people. It almost always affects men 20 to 40 years of age who have a history of smoking or chewing tobacco. The condition may also be associated with a history of Raynaud's disease . This disorder is very uncommon in children, but may occur in those with autoimmune diseases Symptoms: Pain in the hands and feet Acute , severe Burning or tingling Often occuring at rest Pain in the legs , ankles, or feet when walking (intermittent claudication Often located in the arch of the foot Skin changes or ulcers on hands or feet Hands or feet may be pale, red, or bluish

40. Thromboangiitis Obliterans Von Winiwarter first described thromboangiitis obliterans in a client in 1879 The prevalence of thromboangiitis obliterans has been in decline over the http://www.csu.edu.au/faculty/health/cmhealth/Podiatry/Encyclopedia/E_7/TAO1.htm

Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s Disease) By Belinda Sanford BREIF SYNOPSIS Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s Disease) is a nonatherosclerotic, segmental, inflammatory, vasoocclusive disease (Hanly, 2002). Which most commonly affects the small and medium sized arteries, veins, and nerves; chiefly in the arms and legs (Olin, 2000). Von Winiwarter first described thromboangiitis obliterans in a client in 1879 as “A strange endarteritis and endophlebitis with gangrene of the feet” then more thanTwenty -five years later Leo Buerger provided a more accurate and detailed clinical description being “presenile spontaneous gangrene” as cited in Hanly , (2002, pp 2). The prevalence of thromboangiitis obliterans has been in decline over the last fifty years. This is hypothesized to be due to the decline in smoking a believe causative of thromboangiitis obliterans in addition to the more stringent diagnostic criteria. However others believe there may be equally valid reasons contributing to this decline such as the change of contents of cigarettes, and the use of other recreational drugs. The decline of the diseases is reflected by the prevalence of the disease in 1947 to now. In 1947 104 cases per 100,000 patients now estimated to be 12.6-20 per 100,000 patients (Hanly, 2002). Thromboangiitis obliterans is believed to have a genetic component with tobacco use triggering the disease. There is also escalating evidence for the suggestion that an alteration in autoimmune response plays a role in thromboangiitis obliterans (Szuba, 1998).

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