1. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Thromboangiitis Obliterans The alternative names, causes, incidence and risk factors of thromboangiitis obliterans. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000172.htm

@import url(/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Thromboangiitis obliterans Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Prevention Illustrations Thromboangiites obliterans Circulatory system Alternative names Return to top Buerger's disease Definition Return to top Thromboangiitis obliterans is a disease that causes obstruction of the blood vessels of the hands and feet. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is caused by vasculitis, which is an inflammation of blood vessels. Inflammation is irritation with presence of extra immune cells. The blood vessels of the hands and feet are especially affected, becoming constricted or totally blocked. This reduces blood flow to the tissues of hands and feet, resulting in pain and eventually damage. Thromboangiitis obliterans affects approximately 6 out of every 10,000 people. It almost always affects men 20 to 40 years of age who have a history of smoking or chewing tobacco. The condition may also be associated with a history of Raynaud's disease . This disorder is very uncommon in children, but may occur in those with

2. Buerger's Disease By Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center Types Of Vasculitis A detailed look at thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's Disease). Some pictures of extremities where gangrene has developed. http://vasculitis.med.jhu.edu/typesof/buergers.html

First Description Classic symptoms of Buerger's Disease What causes Buerger's Disease? How is Buerger's Disease diagnosed? ... Treatment and Course of Buerger's Disease First Description thromboangiitis obliterans (top of page) (top of page) Classic symptoms and signs of Buerger's Disease pictured below ) of the digits (fingers and toes) are common in Buerger’s disease. Pain may be very intense in the affected regions. An angiogram demonstrating lack of blood flow to vessels of the hand ( figure below An abnormal result from an angiogram of the hand ( figure below Despite the severity of ischemia (lack of blood flow) to the distal extremities that occurs in Buerger’s, the disease does not involve other organs, unlike many other forms of vasculitis. Even as ulcers and gangrene develop in the digits, organs such as the lung, kidneys, brain, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract remain unaffected. The reasons for the confinement to the extremities and sparing of other organs are not known. (top of page) What Causes Buerger's Disease? Pictured below , are a patient's fingertips that have developed gangrene. This is a very painful condition which sometimes requires amputation of the affected area.

3. EMedicine - Buerger Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans) : Article By Eric J Han Buerger Disease (thromboangiitis obliterans) Buerger disease, also known asthromboangiitis obliterans, is a nonatherosclerotic, segmental, inflammatory, http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic253.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Vascular Surgery Buerger Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans) Last Updated: August 31, 2004 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: Buerger's disease, TAO, endarteritis, endophlebitis, vasoocclusive disease, presenile spontaneous gangrene, corkscrew collaterals, bidi, cigarette smoking, tobacco use, secondhand smoke, smoking cessation, distal ischemic rest pain, ischemic ulcerations, amputation AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Eric J Hanly, MD , Research Instructor, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Fellow, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Coauthor(s): Matthew Carpenter, MD

4. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 16, Ch. 212, Peripheral Vascular Disorders An overview of thromboangiitis obliterans, also known as buerger's disease. http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section16/chapter212/212c.htm

var locationOverride = "http://www.merck.com/pubs/"; This Publication Is Searchable The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Section 16. Cardiovascular Disorders Chapter 212. Peripheral Vascular Disorders Topics [General] Peripheral Arterial Occlusion Thromboangiitis Obliterans Raynaud's Disease and Phenomenon ... Lipedema Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease) An obliterative disease characterized by inflammatory changes in small and medium-sized arteries and veins. Thromboangiitis obliterans occurs in cigarette smokers, predominantly in men aged 20 to 40. Only about 5% of cases occur in women. The frequency of diagnosis has decreased drastically in recent years because of better understanding of clinical and angiographic characteristics of this disease vs. arteriosclerosis obliterans. Although few investigators believe this disease is indistinguishable pathologically from occlusive disease caused by some types of atherosclerosis, idiopathic peripheral thromboses, or systemic emboli, most clinicians agree that the clinical characteristics are sufficiently distinctive to consider thromboangiitis obliterans a discrete entity. Although the cause is unknown, thromboangiitis obliterans has not been documented in nonsmokers, implicating cigarette smoking as a primary etiologic factor, perhaps as a delayed type of hypersensitivity or toxic angiitis. Thromboangiitis obliterans may be a reaction to tobacco by persons with a specific phenotype, because of greater prevalence of HLA-A9 and HLA-B5 in persons with the disease; or an autoimmune disorder with cell-mediated sensitivity to types I and III human collagen, which are constituents of blood vessels.

5. EMedicine - Buerger Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans) Article Buerger Disease (thromboangiitis obliterans) Buerger disease, also known as thromboangiitis obliterans, is a nonatherosclerotic, segmental http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

6. EMedicine - Vascular Ulcers : Article By Christian Paletta, MD Vasculitides such as Buerger disease (thromboangiitis obliterans) or Takayasudisease can also be associated with ulceration. The former tends to manifest http://www.emedicine.com/plastic/topic467.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Plastic Surgery Wound Healing Vascular Ulcers Last Updated: July 22, 2005 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: leg ulcer, venous ulcer, ischemic ulcer, neurotrophic ulcer, vein ulcer, vascular surgery, peripheral vascular disease, nonhealing ulcer, chronic ulcer, non-healing ulcer, hypertension, atherosclerosis, vasculitides, Buerger disease, thromboangiitis obliterans, Takayasu disease, Takayasu arteritis, leg ulceration, venous ulceration, ischemic ulceration, vein ulceration, chronic ulceration, arterial ulcer, neurotrophic ulcer, venous ulcer, stasis ulcer AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Indications Relevant Anatomy And Contraindications ... Bibliography Author: Christian Paletta, MD , Chief, Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine Coauthor(s): Brandon Massey, MD

7. Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease) a CHORUS notecard document about thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease) http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Thromboangiitis Obliterans The alternative names, causes, incidence and risk factors of thromboangiitis obliterans. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. Medical Encyclopedia: Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Print Version) thromboangiitis obliterans is a disease that causes obstruction of the thromboangiitis obliterans affects approximately 6 out of every 10000 people. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/print/ency/article/000172.htm

To print this page, use the print option from your browser. To close this window, click on the "x" in the upper right hand corner of the window. Medical Encyclopedia: Thromboangiitis obliterans URL of this page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000172.htm Alternative names Buerger's disease Definition Thromboangiitis obliterans is a disease that causes obstruction of the blood vessels of the hands and feet. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is caused by vasculitis, which is an inflammation of blood vessels. Inflammation is irritation with presence of extra immune cells. The blood vessels of the hands and feet are especially affected, becoming constricted or totally blocked. This reduces blood flow to the tissues of hands and feet, resulting in pain and eventually damage. Thromboangiitis obliterans affects approximately 6 out of every 10,000 people. It almost always affects men 20 to 40 years of age who have a history of smoking or chewing tobacco. The condition may also be associated with a history of Raynaud's disease. This disorder is very uncommon in children, but may occur in those with autoimmune diseases.

10. Buerger's Disease The etiology and pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic studies and duplex scanning of buerger's disease. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. AllRefer Health - Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease) thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger s Disease) information center covers causes,prevention, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, incidence, risk factors, signs, http://health.allrefer.com/health/thromboangiitis-obliterans-info.html

AllRefer Channels :: Yellow Pages Reference Health Home ... Contact Us Quick Jump ADD/ADHD Allergies Alzheimer's Disease Arthritis Asthma Back Pain Breast Cancer Cancer Colon Cancer Depression Diabetes Gallbladder Disease Heart Attack Hepatitis High Cholesterol HIV/AIDS Hypertension Lung Cancer Menopause Migraines/Headaches Osteoporosis Pneumonia Prostate Cancer SARS Stroke Urinary Tract Infection 1600+ More Conditions Alternative Medicine Health News Symptoms Guide Special Topics ... Medical Encyclopedia Web health.allrefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Health Thromboangiitis Obliterans Thromboangiitis Obliterans Definition Prevention Treatment Expectations or Prognosis ... Go To Main Page Alternate Names : Buerger's Disease Definition Thromboangiitis obliterans is a disease that causes obstruction of the blood vessels of the hands and feet. Thromboangiites Obliterans Circulatory System Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is caused by vasculitis, which is an inflammation (irritation with presence of extra immune cells) of blood vessels. The blood vessels of the hands and feet are especially affected, becoming constricted or totally blocked. This reduces blood flow to the tissues of hands and feet, resulting in pain and eventually damage.

12. Buerger's Disease By Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center Types Of A detailed look at thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's Disease). Some pictures of extremities where gangrene has developed. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

13. AllRefer Health - Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease) Information thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger s Disease) information center covers definition,alternative names, Overview, Causes, Risk Factors, Symptoms Signs, http://health.allrefer.com/health/thromboangiitis-obliterans.html

AllRefer Channels :: Yellow Pages Reference Health Home ... Contact Us Quick Jump ADD/ADHD Allergies Alzheimer's Disease Arthritis Asthma Back Pain Breast Cancer Cancer Colon Cancer Depression Diabetes Gallbladder Disease Heart Attack Hepatitis High Cholesterol HIV/AIDS Hypertension Lung Cancer Menopause Migraines/Headaches Osteoporosis Pneumonia Prostate Cancer SARS Stroke Urinary Tract Infection 1600+ More Conditions Alternative Medicine Health News Symptoms Guide Special Topics ... Medical Encyclopedia Web health.allrefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Health Thromboangiitis Obliterans Alternate Names : Buerger's Disease Definition Thromboangiitis obliterans is a disease that causes obstruction of the blood vessels of the hands and feet. Thromboangiites Obliterans Circulatory System Jump to a section Definition Prevention Treatment Expectations or Prognosis ... Calling Your Health Care Provider Topics that might be of interest to you Autoimmune Disorders Raynaud's Phenomenon Biopsy Doppler Ultrasound Exam of An Extremity ... Pulse Other Topics Acute Blockage of Leg Arteries Leg Pain Numbness and Tingling ... Ulcers From Our Sponsors: A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's

14. Thromboangiitis Obliterans thromboangiitis obliterans is a disease that causes obstruction of the blood vessels of the hands and feet. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

15. Thromboangiitis Obliterans -- ECureMe.com UPDATED SARS INFORMATION,Check health symptoms, make a self diagnosis, ask adoctor or veterinarian online, view an encyclopedia of diseases treatments, http://www.ecureme.com/emyhealth/data/Thromboangiitis_Obliterans.asp

DisplayAd("468","60"); eCureMe Life : Your Healthy Living. Click Here! Welcome, eCureMe.com Select a Health Topic ADD/ADHD Allergy Alternative Medicine Arthritis Asthma Beyond Dieting Body Aches and Pains Breast Cancer Cancer Awareness Cardio Health Children's Health Colon Cancer Contraception COPD/Emphysema Dental Health Diabetes Elder Care Emergency Room Epilepsy Erectile Dysfunction Eye Care Fertility Fitness Gastrointestinal Health Glands and Hormones Gynecologic Health Hair Loss Headache Healthcare Today Healthy Aging HIV and AIDS Infectious Diseases Kidney Health Leukemia Liver Health Lung Cancer Lymphoma Multiple Sclerosis Men's Health Mental Health Nutrition Osteoporosis Parkinson's Disease Sexual Health Skin Health Sleep Disorders Special Events Stroke Surgeries and Procedures Teen Health Thyroid Health Urologic Health Vascular Disease Women's Health Workplace Health September 9, 2005 eCureMe Life Medical Supplies Calorie Count Physician Search ... Hospital Directory Thromboangiitis Obliterans more about Thromboangiitis Obliterans Buerger's disease Normal Abnormal Thromboangiitis obliterans is also known as Buerger's disease, and it is most often seen in young men who smoke. This disease causes blood circulation to the hands and feet to cut off, leading to pain, numbness, infections, and/or loss of the affected limb. Treatment is to stop smoking immediately and to take care of the limbs.

16. Dr. Koop - Thromboangiitis Obliterans thromboangiitis obliterans is a disease that causes obstruction of the blood vessels of the hands and feet. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

17. 550 Picture thromboangiitis obliterans. http://www.ecureme.com/atlas/data/thromboangiitis_obliterans550_ab.htm

Thromboangiitis Obliterans

18. Http//www.vascularcenterinfo.com/education/buergers_disease.html http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

19. Thromboangiitis Obliterans thromboangiitis obliterans is a disease that causes obstruction of the bloodvessels of the hands and feet. http://adam.about.com/encyclopedia/000172.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') zfs=0;zCMt='a09' zCMTest=1 About Healthcare Center Heart Disease Related Topics Thromboangiitis obliterans Healthcare Center Essentials A.D.A.M. Illustrated Health Encyclopedia In Depth Reports ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); Search Healthcare Center ENCYCLOPEDIA INDEX Injury Disease Nutrition Poison ... Z Thromboangiitis obliterans Overview Symptoms Treatment Prevention Definition: Thromboangiitis obliterans is a disease that causes obstruction of the blood vessels of the hands and feet. Alternative Names: Buerger's disease Causes, incidence, and risk factors: Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is caused by vasculitis, which is an inflammation of blood vessels. Inflammation is irritation with presence of extra immune cells. The blood vessels of the hands and feet are especially affected, becoming constricted or totally blocked. This reduces blood flow to the tissues of hands and feet, resulting in pain and eventually damage. Thromboangiitis obliterans affects approximately 6 out of every 10,000 people. It almost always affects men 20 to 40 years of age who have a history of smoking or chewing tobacco.

20. MDAdvice.com - Health Library - Symptoms, Illness Surgery General information, diagnostic measures, complications and treatment for buerger's disease are discussed. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

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