21. Treatment Of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An Update - June 1998 - American Acad systemic lupus erythematosus predominantly affects women and is more common systemic lupus erythematosus has fascinated physicians for almost a century http://www.aafp.org/afp/980600ap/petri.html

Advanced Search AAFP Home Page Journals Vol. 57/No. 11 (June, 1998) ... Patient Information Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An Update MICHELLE PETRI, M.D., M.P.H., Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Systemic lupus erythematosus predominantly affects women and is more common in blacks. Although survival rates have improved, over one half of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have permanent damage in one or more organ systems. Arthritis and cutaneous manifestations are most common, but renal, hematologic and neurologic manifestations contribute largely to morbidity and mortality. Treatment approaches emphasize using a combination of drugs to minimize chronic exposure to corticosteroids. S ystemic lupus erythematosus has fascinated physicians for almost a century and remains the prototypic autoimmune disease. Although it is estimated to affect one out of every 1,000 white persons and one out of every 250 black women from 18 to 65 years of age, systemic lupus erythematosus is certainly not the most common example of autoimmunity encountered by physicians. Positive antinuclear antibodies are extremely common in the general population, occurring in as many as 10 to 20 percent of young women. Localized autoimmune disorders, such as autoimmune thyroid disease, are also much more common than systemic lupus erythematosus.

22. LupusNY.org - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Foundation LupusNY.org, the online home of the S.L.E. Lupus Foundation, provides information on lupus diagnosis, treatment, and research as well as programs and http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

23. Diagnosis Of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - December 1, 2003 - American Family P systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystem inflammatory disease that is However, a review article15 reported that systemic lupus erythematosus is http://www.aafp.org/afp/20031201/2179.html

Advanced Search AAFP Home Page Journals Vol. 68/No. 11 (December 1, 2003) Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus JAMES M. GILL, M.D., M.P.H., Christiana Care Health Services, Wilmington, Delaware ANNA M. QUISEL, M.D., Newark, Delaware PETER V. ROCCA, M.D., Wilmington, Delaware DENE T. WALTERS, M.D., Christiana Care Health Services, Wilmington, Delaware A PDF version of this document is available. Download PDF now (8 pages /95 KB). More information on using PDF files. See page 2113 for definitions of strength-of-evidence levels. S ystemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic, recurrent, potentially fatal multisystem inflammatory disorder that can be difficult to diagnose. The disease has no single diagnostic marker; instead, it is identified through a combination of clinical and laboratory criteria. Accurate diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus is important because treatment can reduce morbidity and mortality, particularly from lupus nephritis. This article reviews evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus by primary care physicians. Methods TABLE 1 Resources Used for an Evidence-Based Review of the Literature on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus American College of Physicians Journal Club ( http://www.acpjc.org

24. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Emerging Concepts Part 2 systemic lupus erythematosus http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

25. EMedicine - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus : Article By David W Lamont, DO systemic lupus erythematosus systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmunedisease involving multiple organ systems that is defined clinically and http://www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic564.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Emergency Medicine Rheumatology Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Last Updated: March 1, 2005 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: SLE, autoimmune disease, lupus nephritis AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: David W Lamont, DO , Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, St Francis Hospital Coauthor(s): Mai Kim Lai, MD , Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sparrow Hospital, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine; Steven H Silber, DO, FACEP , Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Vice Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York Methodist Hospital David W Lamont, DO, is a member of the following medical societies:

26. Intrinsic T Cell Defects In Systemic Autoimmunity KONG Et Al . Key Words autoimmunity . systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) . CD4 T cells . anergy . immunological tolerance http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

27. EMedicine - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus : Article By Julie Hildebrand, MD systemic lupus erythematosus systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic,multisystem inflammatory disease that can affect any and every organ system http://www.emedicine.com/MED/topic2228.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Rheumatology Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Last Updated: October 1, 2004 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: SLE, lupus AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Julie Hildebrand, MD , Rheumatology Fellow, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin Coauthor(s): Daniel Muller, MD, PhD , Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Wisconsin at Madison Julie Hildebrand, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians Editor(s): Carlos J Lozada, MD , Director of Rheumatology Fellowship Program, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jackson Memorial Medical Center, University of Miami School of Medicine; Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD

28. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Clinical Overview Clinical overview of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic, usuallylifelong, potentially fatal autoimmune disease. http://cerebel.com/lupus/overview.htm

Lupus Clinical Overview H. Michael Belmont, M.D. Medical Director, Hospital for Joint Diseases New York University Medical Center Recommended Lupus Books Shop for Lupus Introduction Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, usually life-long, potentially fatal autoimmune disease characterized by unpredictable exacerbations and remissions with protean clinical manifestations. In SLE there is a predilection for clinical involvement of the joints, skin, kidney, brain, serosa, lug, heart and gastrointestinal tract. Women and minorities are disproportionately affected and SLE is most common in women of child-bearing age although it has ben reported in both extremes of life (e.g. diagnosed in infants and in the tenth decade of life). The prevalence in the Unites States had been estimated as approximately 500,000 but a recent telephone survey commissioned by the Lupus Foundation of America suggested a prevalence of as many as 2,000,000. A recent study identified a prevalence of 500 per 100,000 (1:200) in women residing in the area surrounding Birmingham, Alabama. The prognosis for patients with SLE has greatly improved over the last few decades with at least 80-90% of all patients surviving ten years. Thereafter life expectancy approximates that of age matched controls. This improvement reflects the general advancements in health care (i.e. dialysis, antibiotics, antihypertensives, newer immunosuppressives with more favorable efficacy to toxicity ration) but also the specialized care available for patients with SLE.

29. Patient Education - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus systemic lupus erythematosus, often referred to simply as lupus, Systemic lupuserythematosus (also called SLE or lupus) is a chronic inflammatory http://www.rheumatology.org/public/factsheets/sle_new.asp?aud=pat

30. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus systemic lupus erythematosus. What Is systemic lupus erythematosus? Systemic lupuserythematosus (also called SLE or lupus) causes a variety of problems. http://www.rheumatology.org/public/factsheets/sle.asp?aud=stu

31. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 5, Ch. 50, Diffuse Connective Tissue Disease systemic lupus erythematosus (Disseminated Lupus Erythematosus). A chronicinflammatory connective tissue disorder of unknown cause that can involve joints, http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section5/chapter50/50e.jsp

32. THE MERCK MANUAL--SECOND HOME EDITION, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus In Ch. 68, A systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) is a chronic inflammatory connective tissuedisorder that can involve joints, kidneys, mucous membranes, http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec05/ch068/ch068b.html

var externalLinkWarning = "The link you have selected will take you to a site outside Merck and The Merck Manuals.*n*nThe Merck Manuals do not review or control the content of any non-Merck site. The Merck Manuals do not endorse and are not responsible for the accuracy, content, practices, or standards of any non-Merck sources."; Search The Second Home Edition , Online Version Search Index A B C D ... Z Sections Accidents and Injuries Blood Disorders Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders ... Women's Health Issues Resources Anatomical Drawings Multimedia Pronunciations Weights and Measures ... , Online Version Section Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders Chapter Autoimmune Disorders of Connective Tissue Topics Introduction Eosinophilic Fasciitis Mixed Connective Tissue Disease Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis ... Sj¶gren's Syndrome Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Buy The Book Print This Topic Email This Topic Pronunciations alopecia angina arthritis azathioprine ... vasculitis Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) is a chronic inflammatory connective tissue disorder that can involve joints, kidneys, mucous membranes, and blood vessel walls. About 90% of people who have lupus are young women in their late teens to 30s, but children (mostly girls) and older men and women can also be affected. Lupus occurs in all parts of the world but may be more common in blacks and in Asians.

33. Joint And Muscle Pain In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - Lupus Foundation O Joint And Muscle Pain In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Francisco P. Quismorio,Jr., MD University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles http://www.lupus.org/education/brochures/jointpain.html

Home About LFA Mailing List Chapter Locator ... Brochures search: Choose Section - Education - Support - LFA Research - What's New? - LFA In Action - News - Research - Awareness Lupus Disease - Cutaneous (skin) - Drug-Induced - Neonatal - Overlap - Systemic Education Information and Publications Support LFA Research ... What's New? Lupus Foundation of America, Inc. www.lupus.org 2000 L Street, N.W., Suite 710 Washington, DC 20036 Phone 202-349-1155 Fax 202-349-1156 Contact Us Words of Caution Joint And Muscle Pain In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Francisco P. Quismorio, Jr., M.D. University of Southern California-Los Angeles Introduction Lupus Arthritis Diagnosis Treatment Fibromyalgia In SLE Diagnosis Treatment Avascular Necrosis Of The Bone (AVN) Diagnosis Treatment Tendonitis And Bursitis Other Causes Of Musculoskeletal Pain Lupus Myositis Diagnosis Treatment Drug-Induced Muscle Weakness The Lupus Foundation of America Related Information Introduction More than 90 percent of people with SLE will experience joint and/or muscle pain at some time during the course of their illness. At the onset of the disease, the major complaint of more than half of SLE patients is pain in the joints.

34. The History Of Lupus Erythematosus - Lupus Foundation Of America, Inc. Historical background of discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus. The naturalhistory of systemic lupus erythematosus An approach to its study through http://www.lupus.org/education/articles/history.html

Home About LFA Mailing List Chapter Locator ... Articles search: Choose Section - Education - Support - LFA Research - What's New? - LFA In Action - News - Research - Awareness Lupus Disease - Cutaneous (skin) - Drug-Induced - Neonatal - Overlap - Systemic Education Information and Publications Support LFA Research ... What's New? Lupus Foundation of America, Inc. www.lupus.org 2000 L Street, N.W., Suite 710 Washington, DC 20036 Phone 202-349-1155 Fax 202-349-1156 Contact Us Words of Caution The History Of Lupus Erythematosus Marc C. Hochberg, MD, MPH Professor of Medicine, Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. A selection from the Lupus Foundation of America Newsletter Article Library LFA Patient Education Committee Approved The history of lupus erythematosus (LE) has been reviewed in both of the major textbooks on this disease [1,2] and was the subject of an article in this journal in 1983.[3] This article concentrates on developments in the present century which have logarithmically expanded our knowledge about the pathophysiology, clinical-laboratory features, and treatment of this disorder.

35. Antiphospholipid Antibodies And Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Antiphospholipid Antibodies And systemic lupus erythematosus The most widelymeasured are the lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibody. http://www.hamline.edu/lupus/articles/Antiphospholipid_Antibodies_and_Systemic_L

Antiphospholipid Antibodies And Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Michelle Petri, M.D., M.P.H. Associate Professor of Medicine The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD What are antiphospholipid antibodies? There are several kinds of antiphospholipid antibodies. The most widely measured are the lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibody. These antibodies react with phospholipid, a type of fat molecule that is part of the normal cell membrane. Lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibody are closely related, but are not the same antibody. This means that someone can have one and not the other. There are other antiphospholipid antibodies, but they are not commonly measured. How common are antiphospholipid antibodies? As with other autoantibodies (antibodies directed against one's self) in lupus, the antiphospholipid antibodies can come and go in any individual patient. It turns out that there are many ways to measure these antibodies, and different methods may not always give the same result. For example, in different studies, 8 to 65 percent of people with lupus have the lupus anticoagulant, and 25 to 61 percent have anticardiolipin antibody. These antibodies can also be found in people who do not have lupus. For example, two percent of young women have anticardiolipin antibody. These antibodies were first discovered in people who have lupus, but it is not necessary to have lupus to have these antibodies. In fact, in most studies, over 50% of people with these antibodies do not have lupus. We do not understand why a person's immune system begins to manufacture these antibodies.

36. The Eye And Systemic Lupus Erythematosus systemic lupus erythematosus is a wide ranging disease and can affect many organsystems, and the eye is no exception. Involvement of the eyeball itself is http://www.hamline.edu/lupus/articles/eye.html

The Eye and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by W Kevin Thomas, M.D. From Lupus Erythematosus, Vol 2, Atlanta Chapter, Lupus Erythematosus Foundation, Inc. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a wide ranging disease and can affect many organ systems, and the eye is no exception. Involvement of the eyeball itself is much more common than involvement of the orbit, or socket of the eye. However, when there is involvement of the orbit this is most often manifested by the formation of modules on the conjunctive (the most exterior tissue layer of the eyeball and inner lid). There may also be an accompanying swelling or edema of the lids themselves. The most common observable ocular finding in lupus is the presence of "cotton wool spots" in the retina, or lining of the eye. These "spots" represent areas of the retina which are edematous due to a decreased blood flow, and hence oxygen supply, to certain areas of the retina. Of great importance to both the patient and the doctor is that these changes in the retina will often parallel exacerbations in the general disease state. Although the presence of a "cotton wool spot" is not specific to lupus, the presence of one in a young to middle aged patient should sugest lupus. There are other less common changes which may develop in the retina, and these include the deposition of fat cells in the retina, narrowing the arteriolar blood supply, and occlusion of the main blood vessels to th eye, which could result in a significant loss of visual acuity.

37. Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) -- Topic Overview What is systemic lupus erythematosus? Lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus, orSLE) is a chronic disease http://my.webmd.com/hw/lupus/hw123406.asp

var guid_source = ""; var guid_source_id = ""; //unused var encodedurl = ""; WebMD Today Home WebMD News Center XML News via RSS Member Services WebMD University My WebMD Find a Physician Medical Info Check Symptoms Medical Library Health Tools Clinical Trials ... Women, Men, Lifestyle Who We Are About WebMD Site Map You are in All Conditions ADD/ADHD Allergies Alzheimer's Arthritis Asthma Back Pain Bipolar Disorder Breast Cancer Cancer Cholesterol Management Dental Depression Diabetes Epilepsy Eye Health Heart Disease Hepatitis HIV/AIDS Hypertension Men's Conditions Mental Health Migraines/Headaches Multiple Sclerosis Osteoporosis Parkinson's Sexual Conditions Stroke Weight Control Women's Conditions Health Topics Symptoms Medical Tests Medications ... Credits Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) Topic Overview What is systemic lupus erythematosus? Lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus, or SLE) is a chronic disease that can cause inflammation, pain, and tissue damage throughout the body. Lupus is an autoimmune disease , in which a person's immune system attacks its own tissues as though they were foreign substances. If you develop serious lupus, you may have problems with your kidneys, heart, lungs, or blood cells. Although some people with lupus have mild symptoms, the disease can become severe. For most people, ongoing monitoring and treatment can control symptoms and prevent serious organ damage.

38. Bmj.com Topic Collections : Systemic Lupus Erythematosus systemic lupus erythematosus. Citations 12 of 2 total displayed. The treatmentof lupus nephritis; David PD Cruz and Graham RV Hughes http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/collection/systemic_lupus_erythematosus

Home Help Search Archive ... Feedback Topic collections Author Keyword(s) Vol Page [Advanced] Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Citations 1-3 of 3 total displayed. Most recent content (20 Aug 2005): Editorials Preventing severe infection after splenectomy Adrian Newland, Drew Provan, and Steven Myint BMJ 2005;331:417-418 , doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7514.417 [Extract] [Full text] [PDF] Past content (since Jun 2000): Editorials The treatment of lupus nephritis David P D'Cruz and Graham R V Hughes BMJ 2005;330:377-378 , doi:10.1136/bmj.330.7488.377 [Extract] [Full text] [PDF] News SLE is caused by cell debris Abi Berger BMJ 2000;320:1495 , doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7248.1495/a [Extract] [Full text] [PDF] Sign up for Customised @lerts Topic collections Home Show Systemic Lupus Erythematosus collections from other journals. Related collections: Rheumatology Connective tissue disease Musculoskeletal syndromes (including chronic fatigue and Gulf war syndromes) Osteoarthritis ... Rheumatoid Arthritis Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Drugs: musculoskeletal and joint diseases Osteoporosis Other Rheumatology Jobs ... BMJ Bookshop Journals Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases [Link] Cochrane reviews Home Help ... Feedback Topic collections

39. Postgraduate Medicine: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Greenberg B, Michalska M. systemic lupus erythematosus measures to keep this systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is frustrating to the medical community http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/1999/11_99/greenberg.htm

Systemic lupus erythematosus Measures to keep this unpredictable disease under control Brent Greenberg, MD; Margaret Michalska, MD VOL 106 / NO 6 / NOVEMBER 1999 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE CME learning objectives To recognize common signs and symptoms of SLE To become familiar with criteria established by the American College of Rheumatology as the basis for diagnosis To identify appropriate treatment and preventive measures This page is best viewed with a browser that supports tables Preview : Systemic lupus erythematosus can present in many ways, often mimicking other diseases. In this article, Drs Greenberg and Michalska describe the numerous manifestations of this chronic disease, the widely accepted criteria for diagnosis, and the therapeutic measures that can prolong survival and decrease morbidity. Greenberg B, Michalska M. Systemic lupus erythematosus: measures to keep this unpredictable disease under control. Postgrad Med 1999;106(6):213-23 S ystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is frustrating to the medical community and patients alike. The cause of this autoimmune disease is unknown, and nearly all of its clinical features are seen in other diseases as well. Further, the classic malar rash specific to SLE occurs in less than half of SLE patients, and diagnostic tests touted over the past half century have shown crossover with other autoimmune diseases (1). However, certain clinical and laboratory criteria may point strongly to SLE and enable the selection of appropriate treatment. Who is at risk

40. Postgraduate Medicine: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Previewsystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease seenpredominately in systemic lupus erythematosus how to manage, when to refer. http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/2003/11_03/dallera.htm

Systemic lupus erythematosus How to manage, when to refer Maria Dall'Era, MD; John C. Davis, MD, MPH VOL 114 / NO 5 / NOVEMBER 2003 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE CME learning objectives To become familiar with the diverse clinical characteristics and long-term complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) To understand the appropriate use of laboratory tests in diagnosis and monitoring of SLE To learn about monitoring requirements and toxicities associated with medications used to treat mild to severe manifestations of SLE The authors disclose no financial interests in this article. They disclose unlabeled uses of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil. This is the third of three articles on rheumatic disease. Preview :Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease seen predominately in women between the ages of 20 and 40. Because the disease varies in severity and can affect major organ systems, patients should be monitored carefully for organ damage and medication toxicity. In this article, Drs Dall'Era and Davis review the diagnosis of SLE as well as its epidemiologic factors and clinical characteristics. The section on therapy constitutes a practical resource for primary care physicians who care for patients with SLE. Dall'Era M, Davis JC. Systemic lupus erythematosus: how to manage, when to refer. Postgrad Med 2003;114(5):31-40

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