1. Neurocardiogenic Syncope - Malignant Vasovagal - Causes Of Fainting Neurocardiogenic syncope (also known as Vasovagal syncope) and Carotid Sinus Syndrome are important, treatable, yet underdiagnosed causes of recurrent http://www.syncope.co.uk/

Neurocardiogenic Syncope Neurocardiogenic syncope (Vasovagal Syncope) Recurrent unexplained blackouts may cause great anxiety. Despite intensive investigation syncopal attacks often remain unexplained. In the late 1980s it was discovered that Tilt Table Testing could induce syncopal attacks in a high proportion of patients with previously unexplained collapses. The term Neurocardiogenic Syncope was used to describe this specific type of syncope. Since then Neurocardiogenic Syncope has been recognised as an important, treatable cause of syncope. Diagnosis and management of this condition is explained in the following web pages. Site Map WebPosition Gold by FirstPlace Software helps make your site No. 1 in the search engines. Try out this exciting new Web Marketing tool today document.write('<'); document.write('! '); allergen-free food

2. Exercise-Related Syncope In The Young Athlete: Reassurance, Restriction Or Refer An article entitled ExerciseRelated syncope in the Young Athlete Reassurance, Restriction or Referral? http://www.aafp.org/afp/991101ap/2001.html

Advanced Search AAFP Home Page Journals Vol. 60/No. 7 (November 1, 1999) Exercise-Related Syncope in the Young Athlete: Reassurance, Restriction or Referral? FRANCIS G. O'CONNOR, LTC, MC, USA, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland RALPH G. ORISCELLO, M.D., Elizabeth General Medical Center, Elizabeth, New Jersey BENJAMIN D. LEVINE, M.D., Presbyterian Hospital and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas A common event in young adults, syncope is usually benign and only rarely requires more than simple reassurance. However, exercise-related syncope always requires investigation because it may be the only symptom that precedes a sudden cardiac death. Syncope that occurs during exercise tends to be more ominous than that occurring in the postexertional state. During the physical examination, the cardiovascular system should be evaluated carefully. An electrocardiogram is mandatory and requires close scrutiny, with further testing ordered as indicated. The investigation of syncope should specifically exclude known pathologic diagnoses before a complete return to activity is permitted. In cases where a diagnosis is not clearly established, consultation or referral may be warranted. (Am Fam Physician 1999;60:2001-8.) S yncope is a common event in which there is a transient loss of consciousness and postural tone. Although syncope is generally a benign event in young adults (less than 35 years of age) and, in many cases, never reaches the attention of a physician, exercise-related syncope can signal sudden death.

3. The Center For Pediatric Hypotension Information about the investigation, evaluation, and treatment of adolescents and children with syncope, orthostatic tachycardia, and other forms of chronic orthostatic intolerance including CFS. http://www.syncope.org/

syncope.org;http://www.nymc.edu/fhp/centers/syncope; syncope.org;http://www.nymc.edu/fhp/centers/syncope;

4. STARS - Syncope Trust And Reflex Anoxic Seizures Charitable organisation offering support and information on these autonomic disorders. http://www.stars.org.uk

5. Syncope An explanation of what syncope is, neurally mediated syncope, AHA recommendations and further resources to related issues. http://216.185.112.5/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4749

6. Home Met schoolinformatie, jaarroosters, activiteiten en ouderinfo. Gevestigd in de Muziekwijk. http://www.obssyncope.nl/

Home o.b.s. Syncope Almere-muziekwijk De Syncope is een openbare basisschool, gelegen in de Muziekwijk in Almere-Stad. De school telt momenteel zo´n 440 leerlingen en is gevestigd op twee locaties. Het hoofdgebouw ligt aan de Kornetstraat en de dependance is gevestigd in de opbouw van de Troubadour. Op deze pagina's willen we u kennis laten maken met onze school. Voorts publiceren we hier actuele zaken, waaronder onze ouderinfo " De Noten ". Nieuws Nieuws We zijn weer begonnen! We hebben de dependance aan de Lierstraat verlaten. Dit jaar zitten de groepen 7 in de Troubadour, waar we onze eigen plek krijgen in de opbouw. Schoolvakanties 2005-2006 op pagina praktisch Bent u geïnteresseerd of heeft u vragen dan kunt u uiteraard altijd contact met ons opnemen. Zie voor onze gegevens de pagina " Praktisch ". ]oost de Bruin directeur

7. NINDS Forwarding Page Also known as fainting, an information sheet compiled by NINDS, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorders/syncope_doc.htm

NINDS has redesigned its website and the URL for the page you were seeking has changed. The new URL for this page is /disorders/syncope/syncope.htm . Please update your bookmark to this page. You will be automatically taken to this page in 5 seconds, or you can click the link to go there now.

8. Syncope Information Page National Institute Of Neurological syncope(fainting) information sheet compiled by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. Syncope syncope refers to a temporary loss of consciousness usually related to temporary insufficient blood flow to the brain; a fainting spell. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=994

10. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 16, Ch. 200, Orthostatic Hypotension And Syncope An article about orthostatic hypotension and syncope. http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section16/chapter200/200b.htm

var locationOverride = "http://www.merck.com/pubs/"; This Publication Is Searchable The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Section 16. Cardiovascular Disorders Chapter 200. Orthostatic Hypotension And Syncope Topics Orthostatic Hypotension Syncope Syncope (Fainting) A sudden brief loss of consciousness, with loss of postural tone. Etiology and Pathophysiology Bradyarrhythmias (especially those with abrupt onset) can cause syncope. These include the sick sinus syndrome, with or without tachyarrhythmias, and high-grade atrioventricular block. Although bradyarrhythmias occur at all ages, they are most frequent in the elderly and are usually due to ischemia or fibrosis of the conduction system. Digitalis, -blockers (including ophthalmic -blockers), Ca blockers, and other drugs may also cause bradyarrhythmias. Supraventricular or ventricular tachyarrhythmias that cause syncope may be related to ischemia, heart failure, drug toxicity (quinidine syncope is the best known), electrolyte abnormalities, preexcitation, and other disorders. Syncope with chest pain of myocardial ischemia is usually related to arrhythmia or heart block but rarely may reflect substantial ischemic ventricular dysfunction with a reduced cardiac output. Syncope can be due to atrioventricular block in acute inferior MI. Many other mechanisms, often in combination, may limit cardiac output, such as a decrease in systemic BP due to peripheral vasodilation, decreased venous return to the heart, hypovolemia, and cardiac outflow obstruction. Diminished cerebral perfusion may also be caused by cerebral vasoconstriction, eg, induced by hypocapnia.

11. Syncope syncope (SIN'kope) is temporary loss of consciousness and posture, described as http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

12. Neurocardiogenic Syncope - Malignant Vasovagal - Causes Of Fainting Neurocardiogenic syncope (also known as Vasovagal syncope) and Carotid Sinus Syndrome are important, treatable, yet underdiagnosed causes of http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

13. EMedicine - Syncope : Article By Rumm Morag, MD syncope syncope is defined as a transient loss of consciousness with an inability to maintain postural tone that is followed by spontaneous recovery. http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic876.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Emergency Medicine Special Aspects Of Emergency Medicine Syncope Last Updated: October 1, 2004 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: transient loss of consciousness, blackout, fainting, syncopal event, altered consciousness, cerebral perfusion, cardiac syncope, noncardiac syncope AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Rumm Morag, MD , Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory Healthcare and Emory University Coauthor(s): Barry Brenner, MD, PhD , Professor of Emergency Medicine, Professor of Internal Medicine, and Professor of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Chairman, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Rumm Morag, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Environmental Medicine American College of Emergency Physicians American Medical Association , and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Editor(s): David A Peak, MD

14. Syncope Evaluation of syncope Physical examination should include at a minimum blood pressure and pulse, standing and supine cardiac exam http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

15. EMedicine - Syncope : Article By Leonard Ganz, MD syncope syncope, defined as a transient loss of consciousness and postural tone with spontaneous recovery, is an extremely common medical problem. http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3385.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Cardiology Syncope Last Updated: October 28, 2004 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: loss of consciousness, loss of postural tone, decreased cerebral perfusion, brainstem hypoxia, carotid sinus pressure, coronary artery disease, nonischemic cardiomyopathy, non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, ventricular tachyarrhythmia, congenital long QT syndrome, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, WPW syndrome, Brugada syndrome, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, syncopal episode, blackout, dizzy spell, seizure, dizziness, aortic stenosis, pulmonary embolus, pulmonary hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, acute MI, tamponade, aortic dissection, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, supraventricular tachycardia, SVT, torsades de pointes, ventricular tachycardia, VT, ventricular fibrillation, AV block, atrioventricular block, A/V block, A-V block, sick sinus syndrome, implanted cardioverter/defibrillators, ICDs AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Leonard Ganz, MD

16. Heart Rhythm Society Heart Rhythm Society is the international leader in science, education, and advocacy for cardiac arrhythmia professionals and patients, and the http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

17. Syncope Information Page: National Institute Of Neurological Disorders And Strok syncope(fainting) information sheet compiled by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/syncope/syncope.htm

Accessible version Science for the Brain The nation's leading supporter of biomedical research on disorders of the brain and nervous system More about Syncope Studies with patients Research literature Press releases Search NINDS... (help) Contact Us My Privacy NINDS is part of the National Institutes of Health You are here: Home Disorders Syncope NINDS Syncope Information Page Synonym(s): Fainting Get Web page suited for printing Email this to a friend or colleague Table of Contents (click to jump to sections) What is Syncope? Is there any treatment? What is the prognosis? What research is being done? ... Additional resources from MEDLINEplus What is Syncope? Syncope is the temporary loss of consciousness due to a sudden decline in blood flow to the brain. It may be caused by an irregular cardiac rate or rhythm or by changes of blood volume or distribution. Syncope can occur in otherwise healthy people. The patient feels faint, dizzy, or lightheaded (presyncope), or loses consciousness (syncope). Is there any treatment?

18. Hospital Practice: Cardiac Arrhythmia Care and management of atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular arrhythmia and a look at syncope. http://www.hosppract.com/issues/1999/0901/gold.htm

Cardiac Arrhythmia: Current Therapy MICHAEL R. GOLD and MARK E. JOSEPHSON University of Maryland and Harvard University Rhythm disturbances can range from the harmless to the life-threatening, and treatment varies accordingly, from watchful waiting to emergency intervention. Traditional antiarrhythmic medications have largely been supplanted by newer agents; pharmacologic therapy is giving way to device-based treatment, including pacemakers, defibrillators, and catheter ablation. Dr. Gold is Director, Cardiac Electrophysiology Service, and Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore. Dr. Josephson is Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Director, Harvard-Thorndike Electrophysiology Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston. During the past few years, the treatment of many cardiac arrhythmias has tended to move away from drug therapy and toward device-based therapy. The latter may involve pacemakers, implantable defibrillators, or catheter ablation, depending on the type of arrhythmia. When drug therapy is the preferred route, the agents used are different from those selected several years ago. The treatment changes affect the management of the most common arrhythmias seen in primary care practice, including atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, supraventricular tachycardia, and ventricular arrhythmia. Atrial Fibrillation The prevalence of atrial fibrillation increases with age; this arrhythmia is most often seen in patients older than 65 years. Atrial fibrillation is typically associated with some form of cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, or valvular heart disease, but it can also occur secondary to metabolic disorders such as thyrotoxicosis. In a minority of young patients, there is no obvious cause, a condition known as lone atrial fibrillation.

19. Guidelines On Management (diagnosis And Treatment) Of Syncope Your browser does not support frames. Click here to view the unframed reprint. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

20. Virtual Hospital: University Of Iowa Family Practice Handbook, Fourth Edition: C Differentiate between near syncope and vertigo because the differential Only two CNS lesions can cause syncope bilateral cortical dysfunction (eg, http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/familymedicine/FPHandbook/Chapter03/06-3.html

University of Iowa Family Practice Handbook, Fourth Edition, Chapter 3 Cardiology: Syncope James M. Fox, MD Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa College of Medicine Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed by Mosby Definition . Differentiate between near syncope and vertigo because the differential diagnosis is different. See Chapter 9 for work-up and differential of vertigo. Syncope is a sudden, brief loss of consciousness (LOC) and, strictly speaking, is related to abrupt cerebral hypoperfusion. Only two CNS lesions can cause syncope: bilateral cortical dysfunction (e.g., from hypoperfusion, etc.) or reticular activating system injury. Near syncope is a sense of impending LOC or weakness, occurs more frequently, and provides valuable diagnostic clues, since the patient usually has better recollection of the event. Frequency of causes . 55% vasovagal, 10% cardiac, 10% neurologic, 5% metabolic or drug-induced, 5% "other," and 10% undiagnosed causes. Causes of Syncope and Near Syncope Cardiac and circulatory Cardioinhibitory (bradycardia, enhanced parasympathetics), neurocardiogenic (e.g., vasovagal), vasodepressor (decreased systemic vascular resistance) are

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