81. Health Report - 14/04/97: STRABISMUS OR SQUINT The technical terms for the two commonest causes of an eye which isn t straightare strabismus and amblyopia the lazy eye This is relatively common and http://www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/8.30/helthrpt/stories/s2013.htm

Radio National with Norman Swan STRABISMUS OR SQUINT Monday 14 April 1997 Summary: The technical terms for the two commonest causes of an eye which isn't straight are strabismus and amblyopia, the lazy eye. This is relatively common and children and adults as well. Int. N. Swan Norman Swan : Hello, and welcome to the program. Today, uncrossing the squint, a major issue for many parents and not a few adults too; for Science Week, Australian research into how a herpes virus hides from the immune system to come back and taunt us in the future; the link between organ transplantation and resisting HIV infection, and - in this week's edition of the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine, there's good news for fish eaters. Norman Swan : Having a squint is a relatively common problem in both children and adults. The technical terms for the two commonest causes of an eye which isn't straight are strabismus and amblyopia - the lazy eye. Last week the World President of the International Strabismological Association was in Australia. He's Emilio Campos, Professor of Opthalmology at the University of Bologna in Italy. And I caught him to find out what was new in an area which worries many parents and not a few grown-ups. Emilio Campos : Squint means that one eye turns in a direction different from the one of the fixing eye, and the eye can turn in, out, down and up. As far as lazy eye is concerned, the lazy eye means the fact that one eye did not develop properly vision during the plastic period of the visual system. This can be due to the fact that one eye was squinting, or there was something which is called cataract. All this type of situation

82. Bausch Lomb Crossed-eyes (Strabismus) Bausch Lomb a leader in laser surgery, LASIK, and refractive surgery productsand procedures. http://www.bausch.com/us/vision/concerns/strabismus.jsp

83. Strabismus strabismus Updated August 5, 2005 Amblyopia NOAH Page; Crossed Eyes (strabismus)American Optometry Association (AOA) http://www.noah-health.org/en/eye/disorders/strabismus.html

Skip navigation About NOAH Help English Spanish Both Advanced NOAH Eye Change text size: Strabismus Updated: August 5, 2005 All About Strabismus Optometrists Network Amblyopia NOAH Page Crossed Eyes (Strabismus) American Optometry Association (AOA) Early Detection and Treatment Optometrists Network Pseudoesotropia EyeMDLink Strabismus Children with Special Needs Strabismus American Academy of Ophthalmology What Causes Strabismus? Optometrists Network Types of Strabismus Accommodative Esotropia Pediatric Ophthalmic Consultants, New York NY Congenital Esotropia Pediatric Ophthalmic Consultants, New York NY Constant or Intermittent Strabismus? Optometrists Network Esotropia Pediatric Ophthalmic Consultants, New York NY Esotropia (Inward Turning of the Eyes) Optometrists Network Exotropia Optometrists Network Exotropia Pediatric Ophthalmic Consultants, New York NY Exotropia Univ of Michigan, Kellogg Eye Institute Exotropia American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Hypertropia Optometrists Network Duane Syndrome Duane's Syndrome Optometrists Network Duane Syndrome American Association of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Learning About Duane Syndrome National Human Genome Research Institute Researched by NOAH Contributing Editor: Elaine Wells, MA MLS, SUNY State College of Optometry

84. Pediatric And Adult Strabismus This site is designed to teach basic principles of strabismus in a casebased,interactive fashion. Plugins Required, None. Date Completed, Ongoing http://sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca/dir/ophthalmology.html

Molson Medical Informatics Project Student Project Site Faculty of Medicine McGill University Pediatric and Adult Strabismus Student Author(s): Dan Flanders Class of '02 Supervisor(s): Pascale Dubé MD Michael Flanders MD, FRCSC Intended Audience: Ophthalmologists, neurologists, and ophthalmology/neurology residents Site Synopsis: This site is designed to teach basic principles of strabismus in a case-based, interactive fashion Plugins Required: None Date Completed: Ongoing visitors since April 1st, 2004

85. Strabismus Online Information Resource This site is designed to teach basic principles of strabismus in a casebased, Use the navigation menu above (eg Home, Atlas of strabismus, etc. http://sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca/ophthalmology/

/* Static Top Menu Script By Constantin Kuznetsov Jr. (GoldenFox@bigfoot.com) Featured on Dynamicdrive.com For full source code and installation instructions to this script, visit Dynamicdrive.com */ Welcome Website Objective: This site is designed to teach basic principles of strabismus in a case-based, interactive fashion to ophthalmologists, neurologists, and ophthalmology/neurology residents. How to Navigate Through This Site: Use the navigation menu above (e.g. Home, Atlas of Strabismus, etc...) to select which area you would like to visit. The menu is present throughout the entire site so that with a single mouse click you can jump from one area to another. To return to this page, just click on "home". When viewing pictures on this site, position the mouse over any given image and read the associated text. Website Authors: Daniel Flanders MDCM 2002 Pascale Dubé MD Michael Flanders MD, FRCSC

86. Virtual Hospital: Strabismus Surgery Some forms of strabismus can successfully be corrected with glasses, othersrequire surgery. Surgery for strabismus in adults aims at restoring alignment, http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/ophthalmology/strabismus/

Off-Cosmetic Benefits of Strabismus Surgery in Adults William E. Scott, M.D. First Published: 2000 Last Revised: September 2003 Peer Review Status: Internally Reviewed History Adult strabismus includes all types of genetic or acquired strabismus that have persisted in individuals beyond age 9, which is considered the age of visual maturity. The major types of strabismus are horizontal and vertical. The former is mostly associated with genetic conditions and usually has its onset before the age of visual maturity. The latter is, in most cases, acquired and its onset is usually after the age of visual maturity. However, it may also occur in childhood. Horizontal strabismus can be of two typesesotropia or exotropia. New facts Some forms of strabismus can successfully be corrected with glasses, others require surgery. Surgery for strabismus in adults aims at restoring alignment, eliminating diplopia, and enabling sensory fusion. The potential risks are diplopia, overcorrection, or undercorrection, which may require a reoperation. The achievable benefits include: elimination of diplopia if it had occurred preoperatively; restoration or acquisition of sensory fusion; expansion of binocular visual fields; restoration of alignment; and improved psychosocial functioning. This list of benefits provides evidence that surgery for adult strabismus reaches beyond the purely cosmetic goal (restored alignment). Practice When indicated, restorative surgery for adult strabismus is offered to all patients aged 9 years and older. The indications for surgical treatment of adult strabismus include significant misalignment, elimination of diplopia, and reversal of abnormal head positions.

87. Virtual Children's Hospital: Health Prose: Strabismus Health Prose A OneMinute Update for Your Health about strabismus. http://www.vh.org/pediatric/patient/ophthalmology/prose/strabismus.html

Health Prose: A One-Minute Update for Your Health Strabismus: How To Fix The Misaligned Eye University of Iowa Health Science Relations and Ronald Keech, M.D. First Published: November 2000 Last Revised: March 2004 Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed Angie noticed that one of her 3-month-old baby's eyes turned inward. The baby's pediatrician recommended a visit to an eye care specialist. "Angie's baby may have a form of strabismus, which means misalignment of the eyes," says Dr. Ronald Keech, professor of ophthalmology at the University of Iowa College of Medicine and staff physician at UI Hospitals and Clinics. "It's common for a baby's eyes to sometimes appear misaligned or crossed at birth. But at 3 to 4 months, the baby's eyes should be well aligned, looking in the same direction and focused on one object." In the most common form of the condition, one or both eyes turn inward. Exotropia, when the eye turns outward, is a less common form. "Strabismus affects as many as one of every 50 school-age children," Keech says. If not treated early, strabismus may cause loss of depth perception, or more importantly, lazy eye. "Lazy eye, also called amblyopia, is the loss of sight in one or both eyes from lack of use," Keech says. "A large percentage of children with strabismus develop amblyopia."

88. Pediatric Ophthamology And Adult Strabismus strabismus surgery; Eye muscle surgery; strabismus; Esotropia; Exotropia Adult strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology New Patient Questionnaire http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/wilmer/services/peds.html

Print This Page Pediatric Ophthamology and Adult Strabismus Contact Information: Physicians: David L. Guyton, M.D., Chair Cameron F. Parsa, M.D. Michael X. Repka, M.D. Patrick Y. Tong, M.D., Ph.D. ... Josephine Ibironke, O.D. Research Faculty: Boris Gramatikov, Ph.D. Kurt Simons, Ph.D. Typical conditions treated and services performed include: Strabismus surgery Eye muscle surgery Strabismus Esotropia Exotropia Hypertropia Crossed eyes Anisometropia Amblyopia (lazy eye) Diplopia Double vision Dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) Superior oblique palsy Adjustable sutures Botox Patient Information (PDFs) ( You will need Adobe Acrobat Reader installed on your machine, which can be downloaded at no cost from Adobe Adult Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology - New Patient Questionnaire Patching Information Eye Muscle Surgery - What to Expect ... Atropine Treatment for Amblyopia ("Lazy Eye") - What to Expect Now seeing patients at these locations: The Krieger Children's Eye Center (All physicians) Wilmer at Green Spring Station (Drs. Guyton and Repka only) Wilmer at Columbia (Dr. Tong only)

89. Strabismus (e.g. "Crossed Eyes") And Amblyopia ("Lazy Eye") Wilmer s Pediatric Ophthalmology and strabismus Service specializes in the strabismus (crossed eyes or eyes that turn out) is a misalignment caused when http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/wilmer/Conditions/strabismus.html

Print This Page Strabismus (e.g. "Crossed Eyes") and Amblyopia ("Lazy Eye") Diagnosis Traditionally, ophthalmologists diagnosing children with strabismus and/or amblyopia alternately block vision of each eye, a process that annoys and distresses young patients. But at Wilmer, new techniques are being developed that make diagnosing these disorders as easy as watching television. As the children watch cartoons, optical wizardry permits physicians to examine the eyes without ever placing anything close to the child's face. Another remarkable innovation in the diagnosis of strabismus and amblyopia at Wilmer is a new computer-based test of depth perception that can be used with children as young as four months. Using a moving target and a video eye-tracker, a physician can determine within seconds whether the child's eyes work together normally or whether the child shows signs of strabismus. Treatment Site Maps FAQs Intranet Contact JHM ... Fund For JHM

90. Crossed-Eyes (Strabismus) - Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Picture of a physician using a prism to check for strabismus strabismus, amisalignment of the eyes, is one of the most common eye problems in children, http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/eye/visstra.html

Ophthalmology Ophthalmologists Eye Care Eye Care Crossed-Eyes (Strabismus) Photograph used by permission of the National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health What is strabismus? Strabismus, a misalignment of the eyes, is one of the most common eye problems in children, affecting approximately 4 percent of children under the age of 6 years. The eyes (one or both) may turn inward, outward, turn up, or turn down. At times, more than one of these conditions are present. Strabismus is also called "wandering eye" or "crossed-eyes." What causes strabismus? Experts do not completely understand the cause of strabismus. However, strabismus results from failure of the eye muscles to work together. The brain controls the eye muscles, which are attached to the outside of each eye. About 50 percent of children with strabismus are born with it. There appears to be a higher incidence of strabismus in children with disorders that affect the brain, such as cerebral palsy or hydrocephalus. Strabismus may also occur later in life as a result of an illness, cataract, or eye injury. All forms of strabismus have been found to cluster in families. Siblings and children of an individual with strabismus may have an increased chance to also develop it, however, a single inherited cause has not been identified.

91. Pediatric/Strabismus Resource Center: American Academy Of Ophthalmology Find all your Pediatric content needs in one complete section. http://www.aao.org/aao/education/pediatric.cfm?ss=fic_pediatric_strabismus

92. Www.prevent-blindness.org/children/StrabismusFAQ.html FamilyFun Health Encyclopedia strabismusAn excerpt on strabismus (lazy eye) from the Disney Encyclopedia of Baby andChild Care. http://www.prevent-blindness.org/children/StrabismusFAQ.html

93. Seeing Your Way Through Strabismus strabismus is when someone s eyes don t look straight ahead. It might look as ifthe person has one crossed eye. Find out more in this article for kids. http://kidshealth.org/kid/health_problems/sight/strabismus.html

KidsHealth Kids Kids' Health Problems Have you ever wondered why some people seem to have eyes that don't look straight ahead? Maybe you've noticed that sometimes their eyes go in different directions when they're looking at an object or at you. Let's find out why some eyes don't see straight and how kids with this problem get help to fix it. Why Are Some Eyes Not Straight? Strabismus (say: struh- biz -mus) is the term used for eyes that are not straight and do not focus on the same object. Eyes can turn in (toward the nose) or out (toward the ear) if the muscles that move the eyes do not work right or if the eyes are not able to focus properly. Strabismus is also sometimes called crossed eyes, when they turn in, or walleye, when they turn out. It affects about four out of every 100 kids in the United States. You may have heard someone describe an eye that is not straight as a lazy eye, but that is not what lazy eye means. It means that a person's vision is weak or lazy. The medical term for lazy eye is amblyopia (say: am-blee- o -pee-uh).

94. Prevent Blindness America - Strabismus FAQ Prevent Blindness America is the nation s leading volunteer eye health and safetyorganization dedicated to fighting blindness and saving sight. http://www.preventblindness.org/children/strabismusFAQ.html

Children's Vision Amblyopia Signs of ... Statement Find out about Prevent Blindness Programs and Services in Your State Click Here Frequently Asked Questions About Strabismus Q: What is strabismus? Strabismus is a deviation of the eyes. The term is used to describe eyes that are not straight or properly aligned. Q: What causes the misalignment? The misalignment results from the failure of the eye muscles to work together. One eye, or sometimes both, may turn in (crossed eyes), turn out (wall eyes), turn up or turn down. Sometimes more than one of the 'turns' are present. Q: When strabismus is present, will the eyes always look misaligned? The deviation may be constant or it may come and go. In young children strabismus may vary not only from day-to-day, but during the course of a day. Q: My infant's eyes roll all over. Should I be concerned?

95. Squint (Strabismus) Squint or strabismus is an important disorder of the eye that commonly affectschildren. There are many misconceptions regarding this disease, which lead to http://health.indiamart.com/eye-care/squint.html

HealthCare Eye Care Squint (Strabismus) What is squint (strabismus)? Squint is a misalignment of the two eyes so that both the eyes are not looking in the same direction. This misalignment may be constant, being present throughout the day, or it may appear sometimes and the rest of the time the eyes may be straight. It is a common condition among children. It may also occur in adults. What causes squint? The exact cause of squint is not really known. The movement of each eye is controlled by six muscles. Each of these muscle acts along with its counterpart in the other eye to keep both the eyes aligned properly. A loss of coordination between the muscles of the two eyes leads to misalignment. This misalignment may be the same in all directions of gaze, or in some conditions the misalignment may be more in one direction of gaze, e.g., in squint due to nerve palsy. Sometimes a refractive error hypermetropia (long sight) may lead to inward deviation of the eye. Poor vision in an eye because of some other eye disease like cataract, etc. may also cause the eye to deviate. Therefore it is important in all the cases of squint, especially in children, to have a thorough eye checkup to rule out any other cause of loss of vision. What is binocular vision?

96. Allergan :: At A Glance What We Treat strabismus. BOTOX® is indicated for the treatment of strabismusin adults. For additional information on BOTOX® please visit www.botox. http://www.allergan.com/site/treat/treat.asp?id=strabismus&largeText=

97. Paediatrics Lecture - Strabismus strabismus is a term which can be used to refer to any kind of ocular misalignment This is a screening test for the recognition of strabismus. http://eyelearn.med.utoronto.ca/Lectures04-05/Paediatric/03Strabismus.htm

Home Lectures Paediatric Ophthalmology - Strabismus ] Paediatric Ophthalmology Extraocular Muscles And Eye Movements Strabismus Strabismus is a term which can be used to refer to any kind of ocular misalignment Esotropia Esotropia is the term used for crossed eyes This child has a right esotropia. The child is looking at you with their left eye. The right eye is turned in towards the nose. In the right picture, the child is fixating with their right eye. In this position, it is the left eye which is esotropic. A child can be made to alternate between the eyes simply by covering the left eye when it is fixating (left picture) thus forcing the right eye to fix (right picture). The ability of the child to keep either eye in the straight ahead position for a while indicates that there is no weakness of vision in either eye. If one eye was able to see better than the other eye, then the child would always prefer to have that eye straight while the other eye was deviated. Hirschberg Reflex Note that the light reflexes do not fall in the same place in each eye.

98. Paediatrics Lecture - Strabismus Treatment If strabismus is mild, asymptomatic, without amblyopia and not Note thatstrabismus surgery is performed without removing the eyeball from the orbit. http://eyelearn.med.utoronto.ca/Lectures04-05/Paediatric/04Treatment.htm

Home Lectures Paediatric Ophthalmology - Strabismus Treatment ] Paediatric Ophthalmology Extraocular Muscles And Eye Movements Strabismus Strabismus Treatment If strabismus is mild, asymptomatic, without amblyopia and not noticeable by the casual observer, no treatment may be necessary. Patching can be helpful particularly if one eye sees more poorly than the other. Glasses to improve vision or correct refractive error may cause straightening of the eyes. Prisms can be placed in the glasses to make the eyes look like and function as if they were straight. Eye muscle exercises are rarely helpful. When none of the above options are indicated or useful, eye muscle surgery can be performed as an outpatient. This surgery involves weakening, tightening, or rearrangement of the eye muscles to create alignment. Another option is to inject a muscle with botulinum poison which causes a temporary paralysis of the muscle. This is a localized effect.

99. Adults With Strabismus - Children's Hospital Boston strabismus in adults can also result from illnesses, such as thyroid disease, Adults with strabismus have reported that their selfesteem, communication http://www.childrenshospital.org/clinicalservices/Site1763/mainpageS1763P0.html

or find by letter: A-F G-L M-R S-Z Adults with Strabismus Adults with Strabismus Our Patients Meet the Team Contact Us Return to Ophthalmology Home Clinical Services Adults with Strabismus Children's Hospital Boston offers comprehensive evaluation and treatment for adults with strabismus, a condition that occurs when one or more of the six eye muscles that control eye movement do not function properly, leading to eye misalignment. Strabismus is commonly known as crossed eyes, wandering eyes or floating eyes. In adults, it often results from progressive untreated or unsuccessfully treated strabismus in childhood. Those who are born with strabismus often develop amblyopia (lazy eye), which occurs when the eye that is out of alignment loses communication with the brain. Strabismus in adults can also result from illnesses, such as thyroid disease, or from an eye injury. When it is acquired in adulthood it often leads to double vision because the eyes are out of line with each other, yet the brain communicates with both eyes. In addition to problems with vision, strabismus affects appearance and communication because it diminishes one's ability to make eye contact, which can become a disadvantage in both personal and professional livelihood. Adults with strabismus have reported that their self-esteem, communication, and in some cases driving and reading skills improve with successful treatment.

100. Pediatric & Adult Strabismus Service - Children's Hospital Boston The Pediatric and Adult strabismus Service at Children s Hospital Boston offerscomprehensive evaluation and correction of strabismus (otherwise known as http://www.childrenshospital.org/clinicalservices/Site1764/mainpageS1764P0.html

or find by letter: A-F G-L M-R S-Z ... Contact Us Return to Ophthalmology Home Clinical Services The Pediatric and Adult Strabismus Service at Children's Hospital Boston offers comprehensive evaluation and correction of strabismus (otherwise known as misaligned eyes or crossed eyes) in babies, children, and adults of all ages. Our highly experienced pediatric ophthalmologists are known locally and nationally for handling the most difficult cases of strabismus. Many children with complex strabismus that involves multiple eye muscles and others who have had failed attempts at correcting strabismus elsewhere, are routinely referred to Children's Hospital Boston. Here, baby and child friendly eye exams are used to detect strabismus and innovative approaches are used to straighten the eyes. Adults with strabismus are referred to our pediatric practice because ophthalmologists specially trained in childhood eye conditions have expertise in the delicate eye muscle surgery typically required to straighten the eyes. For more information, see Adults With Strabismus Related Topics: Related Topics: American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Children's Hospital Boston is the primary pediatric teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School Contact Us Privacy Accessibility Give Now Children's Hospital Boston 300 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115

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