101. Spinal Cord Disorder Information From Medtronic Learn how spinal cord disorders can cause lower back pain. Find out more at Medtronic. http://www.medtronic.com/hic/spinal.html

Spinal Anatomy Abnormal Spinal Anatomy Spinal Disorders Back Pain ... Glossary There is no simple cause for back or neck pain. It is sometimes possible to trace your pain to an accident or wear and tear that has happened over time. The exact cause of a patient's lower back pain is often difficult for physicians to pinpoint because of the complex composition of the human spine. Bone, discs, muscles, ligaments, tendons and various other tissues are arranged like a three-dimensional puzzle to make up the spine. The complex make up can easily mask the exact cause of lower back pain. It can originate from identified muscle trauma, or an unknown non-traumatic event. Lower back pain can also begin in other regions of the body, such as the nerves or nervous system, and eventually attack the muscles or other structures in the lower back. Other causes of lower back pain include post-neural difficulties, congenital disorders, trauma, infections, degenerative disorders, inflammatory diseases, circulatory disorders, or a wide range of other causes. Neck pain and symptoms caused by a cervical (neck) spinal disorder are a common problem for many adult Americans. The cervical spine is composed of many different anatomic structures, including muscles, bones, ligaments, and joints. Each of these structures has nerve endings that can detect painful problems when they occur. The different parts of the cervical spine are normally well balanced and able to handle all the movements, stresses, and strains of the body gracefully. However, when the different parts of the cervical spine are injured or start to wear out, the neck can become a significant source of pain and discomfort.

102. Medtronic 2004 Annual Report Spinal disorders represent one of the largest public health problems. With an increasing prevalence in both developed and developing nations, the financial http://www.medtronic.com/annual_reports/annual04/spinal.html

2004 Annual Report Home Disease Condition Chart Cardiac Rhythm Management Vascular Gastroenterology and Urology Cardiac Surgery ... Letter to Shareholders Disease Condition Overviews Sudden Cardiac Arrest Heart Failure Vascular Diseases Spinal Disorders ... Return to Investor Relations SPINAL DISORDERS Enhancement reduces surgery time Scoliosis patients gain minimally invasive treatment Access to revolutionary bone graft therapy expanding worldwide "I had back pain for 15 years that affected my quality of life, eventually making me disabled. My son, a doctor in the U.S., suggested Medtronic's INFUSE Bone Graft and Interbody Cages. Within two months of surgery, I was home in Bombay walking." -Pushpa C. Dave Study demonstrates cost effectiveness of neurostimulation A U.K. study reported in the Journal of Pain and Symptom Management Education network advances awareness The Medtronic Foundation helped patients gain access to spinal information and treatment options through a grant to the National Spinal Cord Injury Association's Electronic Community Network, which includes a Web site and e-newsletter.

103. Journal Of Spinal Disorders Techniques The Journal of Spinal disorders Techniques is the definitive source for coverage of the full range of clinical and research issues related to disorders of http://www.ovid.com/site/catalog/Journal/632.jsp?top=2&mid=3&bottom=7&subsection

104. Spinal Disorders Spinal disorders are extremely common; some statistics show as many as 5 million Disc disorders, low back or neck pain, spinal stenosis, spinal http://www.northshorelij.com/body.cfm?id=990&oTopID=990&PLinkID=85

105. UCLA NEUROSURGERY | Spinal Disorders & Diseases SPINAL DISEASES disorders Diagnoses Index The following are definitions of some terms used in describing spinal disease. http://neurosurgery.ucla.edu/Diagnoses/Spinal/SpinalDis_Intro.html

Diagnoses Index COMPREHENSIVE SPINE PROGRAM COMPREHENSIVE SPINE DIAGNOSES INDEX Diseases Cervical Disc Herniation Cervical Stenosis Lumbar Disc Herniation Lumbar Stenosis ... Thoracic Disc Herniation Spinal Infections Discitis Spinal Epidural Abscess Vertebral Osteomyelitis Spinal Tumors ... Spinal Metastatic Tumor Spine General Chiari Malformation Hyperhidrosis Spinal AVM Syringomyelia The following are definitions of some terms used in describing spinal disease. Sciatica: Pain radiating (travelling) into the buttock, back of the thigh, and often into the calf and foot. This is usually caused by irritation of a nerve root of the sciatic nerve, often from compression by a disc or degenerative disease. Radiculopathy: Dysfunction of a nerve root by any cause. The motor manifestations are weakness, while the sensory manifestations may consist of pain (sciatica), numbness, or tingling (paresthesias), or a combination of these. Mechanical Back Pain: Also called "back strain" or "musculoskeletal back pain." This diagnosis excludes anatomic sources of pain, such as disc herniation, spondylosis, etc. The causes may be multifactorial, including strain of the paraspinous muscles (the muscles along the spine), strain the the ligaments of the spine, degenerative facet joint disease (the joints between the bones of the spine), or others. Herniated Disc: Also called herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), disc rupture, disc prolapse. This condition and its treatment are discussed later in this section. Spinal Stenosis (Spondylosis): Narrowing of the spinal canal, typically in the lumbar or cervical spine (lower back and neck, respectively). This is a complex problem requiring an individualized approach for each patient, by an experienced neurosurgeon or neurologist.

106. LH - News - Lankenau Center For Spinal Disorders The Center for Spinal disorders is located at Lankenau Hospital, Medical Office Building East, Suite 250. To schedule an appointment, please contact http://www.mainlinehealth.org/lh/article_8175.asp

News System Information Giving Opportunities Calendar of Events ... Career Opportunities Search Main Line Health: About Main Line Health Clinical Specialties For Healthcare Professionals About Lankenau Hospital ... News Other Lankenau Hospital Topics: About Lankenau Hospital - News Lankenau Hospital Lankenau Center for Spinal Disorders Path: Lankenau Hospital Three nationally-renowned spine specialists join Lankenau's medical staff. Wynnewood, Pa, November 2004 - Lankenau Hospital recently announced the opening of its newly-established Center for Spinal Disorders. The new Center opens with three nationally-renowned spine specialists joining Lankenau's medical staff: Scott A. Rushton, M.D., Medical Director; Richard A. Balderston, M.D., Associate Medical Director; and Philip M. Maurer, M.D., Director, Interventional Spine Program. The Center for Spinal Disorders will encompass all aspects of spinal reconstructive surgery ranging from lumbar discectomies to complex tumor surgeries. Other services include minimally-invasive procedures including fracture management and spinal diagnostics. The Center is complemented by an aggressive research component that allows patients access to innovative procedures and motion preserving technologies, such as lumbar and cervical disc replacement. Drs. Rushton, Balderston and Maurer, partners in Booth Bartolozzi Balderston Orthopaedics, utilize a team approach in caring for each of their patients and are committed to working closely with the patient and the referring physician to manage each case with a coordinated plan of care.

107. Spinal Disorders & Neurotrauma - Detroit, Michigan, Henry Ford Health System Spinal disorders Neurotrauma Henry Ford Health System of Detroit, Michigan is one of the nation s leading health care providers and is Michigan s sixth http://www.henryfordhealth.org/1127.cfm

Neuroscience Research Clinical Programs Neuroscience Patient Support Groups Neuroscience Related Sites and Resources ... Shaped Beam Radiosurgery Trauma and Spine Surgery Expertise: Treatment Advances: Novel Findings: Following spinal cord injury, nerve cells in the injured area start to die, causing inflammation around the area of injury. As the swelling increases, damage spreads to surrounding tissue and more nerve cells start to die (called secondary injury). Research shows that a delayed form of cell death, known as apoptosis, contributes to secondary injury. Henry Ford investigators recently were the first to report that apoptosis occurs after spinal cord injury up to six weeks following impact. It is hoped that further research into this important finding may lead to expanded therapeutic options for sufferers of this type of traumatic injury. Pain Relief: Spinal cord stimulation is available to treat nerve injury related pain as in the case of repeated spine surgeries, peripheral nerve trauma and reflex sympathetic dystrophy. The technique modifies the sensation of pain by introducing electrical stimuli within the spinal cord, helping to reduce or eliminate the need for pain medication. Another means of treatment for pain is intrathecal therapy which involves the implantation of a pump mechanism that delivers medication by continuous infusion. Facet rhizotomy is used for the treatment of mechanical pain associated with degenerative joint disease of the spine. The procedure is performed under fluoroscopy and consists of eliminating nerve branches to the facet joints of spine where degenerative or inflammatory changes have resulted in continued discomfort.

108. Spinal Disorders - Detroit, Michigan, Henry Ford Health System Spinal disorders Henry Ford Health System of Detroit, Michigan is one of the nation s leading health care providers and is Michigan s sixth largest http://www.henryfordhealth.org/17920.cfm

3D Tour of the Vattikuti Institute About the Institute The Vattikuti Institute Prostatectomy Prostate Cancer ... Spinal Disorders Spinal Disorders Congenital Spinal Deformities There are many different causes of spinal deformities or abnormal spinal curves. Some children are born with improperly formed or incompletely developed vertebrae which can produce a curvature by causing the spine to grow unevenly. This type of curvature is known as congenital scoliosis or kyphosis. Other children may have nerve or muscle diseases, such as cerebral palsy or spina bifida, injuries, or other illnesses that cause spinal deformities. Scoliosis The normal spine can vary in size and shape, but it is straight. Scoliosis is a condition that causes the progressive curvature of the spine. It can also cause the bones of the spine to rotate so that one shoulder or hip appears higher than the other. Scoliosis can occur at any age. Infantile scoliosis occurs in children less than 3 years old, and may result from a birth defect, disease of the nerves and muscles (such as muscular dystrophy or cerebral palsy), infection or tumors. Juvenile scoliosis occurs in children between the ages of 3 and 10 years.

109. Health Care Information Resources Spinal Disorders Links Spinal disorders Links. For more information, see ArnoldChiari Malformation, Spinal disorders - Scoliosis an article; Spinal disorders - International http://www-hsl.mcmaster.ca/tomflem/spinal.html

The address of this page is: http://hsl.mcmaster.ca/tomflem/spinal.html Spinal Disorders Links For more information, see: Arnold-Chiari Malformation , also in the Illness section of this resource. For more information, see: Back pain , also in the Illness section of this resource. For more information, see: Brain Disorders , also in the Illness section of this resource. For more information, see: Brain Injury , also in the Illness section of this resource. For more information, see: Neuromuscular Disorders , also in the Illness section of this resource. For more information, see: Spinal Cord Injury , also in the Illness section of this resource. Spinal disorders - Scoliosis an article Spinal disorders - International Federation of Scoliosis Associations a federation of various national Spine Associations Spinal disorders - Copes Foundation treatment of scoliosis Spinal disorders - Scoliosis Treatment discussion of options Spinal disorders - Scoliosis Research Society a handbook, a glossary and some support Spinal disorders - Internet Scoliosis Club support from people with scoliosis Spinal disorders - Scoliosis World overview of scoliosis using various Internet sources Spinal disorders - Scoliosis Support support for those with scoliosis in the U.K.

110. Center For Spinal Disorders Treatments The Center for Spinal disorders provides surgical treatment for children, adolescents and adults with conditions involving the cervical, thoracic and lumbar http://www.centerforspinaldisorders.com/treatments.htm

9005 Grant Street, Suite 200 Thornton, CO 80229 Fax: 303-287-7357 For more information about treatment procedures: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Patients with Spine Implants Dr. Michael Janssen strongly believes in patient education as a way to improve results from back pain treatments, including surgery. Dr. Janssen shared his insights on the radio about surgery options for those with low back pain from degenerative disc disease. Read the full transcript from Dr. Janssen’s segment of Back Pain Radio about spine fusion surgery and artificial disc replacement. Our services include, but are not limited to surgical treatment for children, adolescents and adults with conditions involving the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine. These surgeries include: Cervical spine surgery (Neck) Laparoscopic spine procedures Disc surgery for herniated disc Spine arthrodesis (Fusion) Conservative and surgical management of scoliosis Surgical management of arthritis of the spine due to osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis Spinal trauma

111. Center For Spinal Disorders: Advanced Spinal Care And Surgery Physicians from the Center for Spinal disorders are Board certified in Orthopedic Surgery with specialized training in spinal disorders. http://www.centerforspinaldisorders.com/

Dr. Michael Janssen strongly believes in patient education as a way to improve results from back pain treatments, including surgery. Dr. Janssen shared his insights on the radio about surgery options for those with low back pain from degenerative disc disease. Read the full transcript from Dr. Janssen’s segment of Back Pain Radio about spine fusion surgery and artificial disc replacement. The Center for Spinal Disorders provides patients the highest quality of medical care and most advanced treatment procedures in spinal disorders, offering the opportunity to those affected by such conditions to regain an active lifestyle as quickly as possible. The Center is one of the select few in the country that offers disc arthroplasty, a break-through treatment for the replacement of discs that stabilizes the spine and and corrects disc degeneration and deformity. Physicians from the Center for Spinal Disorders are Board certified in Orthopedic Surgery with specialized training in spinal disorders. Our physicians are actively engaged in clinical research, development of new technologies and outcome management, and lecture both nationally and internationally.

112. SpineSource | Spinal Disorders And Non-Invasive Treatments The most current information about many spinal disorders and the latest treatments at the CedarsSinai Institute for Spinal disorders. http://www.spinesource.com/

SpineSource: Spine Disorders and Non-Invasive Treatments for Back Problems Learn common spinal disorders, spine conditions, and non-invasive treatments for back pain and problems. Spine disorder and spinal condition. Non-invasive treatment for back pain. John J Regan, M.D. 120 South Spalding Drive Suite 400 Beverly Hills, CA 90212 Email: regan@spinesource.com Click on About Dr. Regan for a short biography describing his background and qualifications. Click on Contact Dr. Regan for address and telephone information. Click on Schedule Appointment to contact Dr. Regan's office and obtain new patient information. Click on Obtain Second Opinion for an additional opinion regarding the next step in your treatment. Click on Spinal Disorders for an informative summary of many disorders and available therapies, including degenerative disc disease in various parts of the spine and spinal fractures due to many causes. Click on Motion Preservation for information on procedures that relieve back pain while retaining spinal motion.

113. SpineSource | Spinal Disorders There are many spinal disorders that cause pain and disability. Learn about them here. http://www.spinesource.com/Back-Pain-Disorders/spinal-disorders.html

Spine Disorders, Conditions and Non-Invasive Treatments for Back Problems Learn common spinal disorders, spine conditions, and non-invasive treatments for back pain and problems. Spine disorder and spinal condition. Non-invasive treatment for back pain. John J. Regan, M.D. 120 South Spalding Drive Suite 400 Beverly Hills, CA 90212 Email: regan@spinesource.com Spinal Disorder: Treatment Options: Cervical Disc Herniation Microscopic Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Cervical Laminaplasty ... Spinal Fracture - From Osteoporosis, Multiple Myeloma or Metastatic disease Kyphoplasty Percutaneous Vertebroplasty Kyphosis Fusion with Bone Graft ... Health Back Tips

114. Small Animal Spinal Disorders, 2nd Edition All possible spinal disorders are covered from trauma and disc disease to neoplasia Encompassing all aspects of spinal disorders, from the presenting http://www.intl.elsevierhealth.com/catalogue/title.cfm?ISBN=0723432090

115. Spinal Disorders Congenital spinal disorders are due to a development defect in the mesenchymal Many children with neuromuscular disorders develop some form of spinal http://www.worldortho.com/database/etext/spinal_disorders.html

PAEDIATRIC SPINAL DISORDERS There are many variations. These have been divided and grouped into eight separate categories as shown below: IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS This manifests as a lateral deviation and rotation of the spine with no identifiable cause, but it is usually related to a brain stem, hormonal or proprioception disorder. The adolescent form is most common but there is an Infantific form also a Juvenile form. Right thoracic curves, with apex T7 or T8 are the most common, followed by double major, left lumbar and right lumbar, in that order. Afflicted children are first noticed because of a trunk shift, shoulder or pelvic asymmetry, asymmetric umbilical reflex, spinal curvature, asymmetric rib hump and/or limb length inequality. Inclusion of the iliac crest on radiographs will reveal the degree of skeletal maturity. A lateral radiograph to check for spondylolisthesis is also recommended. An M.R.I. scan is needed if there is excessive Kyphosis, rapid progression, neurologic symptoms, onset before 11 years, of left thoracic/thoracolumbar curves. Treatment includes careful observation, some for bracing and if needed surgery.

116. BrainTalk Communities - Spinal Disorders Online patient support groups for healthcare and neurology. http://brain.hastypastry.net/forums/archive/index.php/f-237.html

BrainTalk Communities Specific Neurological Conditions (M - Z) PDA View Full Version : Spinal Disorders Pages : Welcome Everyone! Are we going to use this forum or the spinal injury? allow me to be the first...... Meds make me sleepy ... cigs

117. SUNY Upstate Medical University: Department Of Neurosurgery They evaluate and treat the full range of spinal disorders ranging from The Upstate Neurosurgery Spinal disorders Program provides outstanding care, http://www.upstate.edu/neurosurgery/clin_specs/cp_spine.shtml

About Neurosurgery How to Refer Clinical Specialties Physician Information ... Upstate Home SPINE DISORDERS clinical program Clinical Programs to treat: Degenerative Spinal Diseases including: Herniated discs Spinal stenosis Cervical disc disease Spinal Deformities Spinal Injuries Spinal cord syrinxes Spine and spinal cord tumors Tethered spinal cord Referral Specialist Director - Spine Program Kenneth Yonemura, M.D. Direct: 1-315-464-5512 Specializing in Kyphoplasty, Vertebroplasty and Discograms Gregory Canute, M.D. James Holsapple, M.D. David Carter, M.D. Satish Krishnamurthy, M.D. ... Gerard Rodziewicz, M.D. Toll Free: 1-800-255-5011 Main Department: 1-315-464-4470 Broad Experience Disorders of the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots in the spinal column are the most frequent diseases evaluated and treated by the Neurosurgery Department at Upstate Medical University. All of our neurosurgeons are fully trained spine surgeons. They evaluate and treat the full range of spinal disorders ranging from spinal cord tumors, herniated discs and spinal deformity. The department brings state-of-the-art treatment together with the forefront evolution of new techniques to treat these challenging, but treatable conditions. Care Options A thorough understanding of spinal biomechanics, decompression , and ever-evolving surgical instrumentation enables Upstate neurosurgical spine specialists to tackle the most complex spinal problems from fractures to tumors to degenerative deformities. They continually incorporate new surgical approaches and techniques including:

118. CSRS - Patient Information Sheet On Introduction To The Cervical Spine Disorders Prescription Medication Most spinal disorders respond to anti-inflammatory medications, muscle relaxants and pain medications such as narcotics. http://www.csrs.org/patientinfo/introtocspine.htm

Patient Information Sheet on Introduction to the Cervical Spine I. Introduction to the Cervical Spine Function - The purpose of the spine is to allow for flexibility of the body and protection of the neural elements. The most mobile portion of the spine is the occipitocervical area or the junction of the head with the upper cervical spine. This includes flexion, extension, rotation, and lateral bending. The thoracic spine is less mobile due to the connections to the rib cage. The lumbar spine is also more mobile and is able to perform flexion, extension, rotation, and lateral bending. The sacrum and coccyx are relatively fixed. Degenerative Processes Mechanical Problems Nerve Root Problems - When a disc herniation, bone spur, or tumor press on a nerve root, it produces what is called a radiculopathy. Since each nerve root supplies a specific muscle group and sensory area, a physician can often interpret the patient's symptoms and physical findings and determine which nerve root is irritated. Irritation of a nerve root (radiculopathy) typically produces pain, weakness, numbness, tingling and possibly decreased reflexes, depending on which nerve root is irritated. Spinal Cord Problems - If disc or bone push on the spinal cord, the symptoms are called myelopathy. The signs of myelopathy are variable, but typically are also associated with decreased motor and sensory functions, sometimes involving arms and legs, and sometimes altering bowel and bladder control. There may also be increased reflexes or potentially absent reflexes if the cord injury is severe.

119. Children's Hospital Boston Research Focus Spinal disorders Program. Improving the Management of Spinal disorders. Physicians in the Spinal Program are active in several areas of http://www.childrenshospital.org/clinicalservices/Site2023/mainpageS2023P4.html

or find by letter: A-F G-L M-R S-Z Page Not Found Home Page Not Found We're sorry. The page you have requested does not exist or has been moved. Children's Hospital Boston is the primary pediatric teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School. Contact Us Privacy Accessibility Give Now Children's Hospital Boston 300 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115

120. DynaWell® - Pinpoint Lumbar Spinal Disorders With CT And MRI. [clinical] Pinpoint lumbar spinal disorders with CT and MRI. DynaWell® develops, produces, markets and sells products that enhances CT and MR images of the lumbar http://www.dynawell.biz/clin_spin_spin_c.asp

Home Company Products Clinical ... Sitemap Friday Clinical Spinal Information / Spinal Conditions Spinal conditions Lumbar Spinal Stenosis In the United States, Lumbar Spinal Stenosis ("LSS") remains the leading preoperative diagnosis for adults older than 65 years who undergo spine surgery (see Current Diagnostic Methodologies). The cost of the more than 30,000 LSS surgeries performed in 1994 exceeded $1.0 billion and is higher today. According to recently published scientific material by Willén, J. et al (1) (one of the Inventors of DynaWell L-Spine), Schöllhammer, M. et al (2), Westesson, P.L. et al (3), CT and MRI examinations with axial loading using the DynaWell L-Spine Device considerably increases the diagnostic specificity in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. According to Westesson et al (3), this might change the treatment of the patient from non-surgical to surgical. Facet joints tend to get larger as they degenerate. This process is the body's attempt to decrease the stress per unit area across a degenerated joint. Unfortunately, as the joint enlarges, it can place pressure on the nerves as they exit the spine (see below Figure B, Point #2 and #4). Standing upright further decreases the space available for the nerve roots, and can block the outflow of blood from around the nerve. In LSS, congested blood then irritates the nerve and the pain travels into the legs. Generally, patients with spinal stenosis are comfortable if they are sitting, but have more pain down their legs when they walk and the pain increases with more walking ("neurogenic claudication"). Walking while leaning over a supporting object (such as a walker or shopping cart) can help ease the pain, and sitting down will cause the pain to recede.

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