81. Spine And Nerve Center At MGH/Harvard herniated intervertebral discs, and spinal cord compression syndromes. Information regarding peripheral nerve (including nerve compression such as http://neurosurgery.mgh.harvard.edu/Spine/default.htm

Neurosurgical evaluation of neck and back pain, nerve compression syndromes, herniated intervertebral discs, and spinal cord compression syndromes. Information regarding peripheral nerve (including nerve compression such as carpal tunnel syndrome) and spine surgery and the Neurosurgical Service's Spine Evaluation Unit Information on the MGH Nerve Surgery Center Lawrence F. Borges, M.D. Massachusetts General Hospital Fruit Street Boston, Massachusetts 02114 Phone: 617.726.6156 Facsimile: 617.724.7407 Spine (and peripheral nerve entrapment) Evaluation Center MGH Spine Surgeons MGH Developmental Neurosurgery : Spina bifida/myelomenigocele/syrinx/tethered cord information MGH Peripheral Nerve Surgery (carpal tunneland other nerve entrapment syndromes and tumors of peripheral nerves such as neurofibromas) Spine tumor information Non-invasive Proton Beam Radiosurgery of spinal tumors The central neurocytoma of the spine Spinal AVM (arteriovenous malformation or arteriovenous fistula) Links to other information

82. Wobblers The consequences of compression of the spinal cord in the neck region are weakness Forced extension of the neck may exacerbate spinal cord compression. http://www.upei.ca/~cidd/Diseases/musculoskeletal/wobblers.htm

related terms: Wobbler syndrome, cervical spondylomyelopathy, cervical vertebral deformity What is cervical vertebral instability? Anatomy of the vertebral column and spinal cord The vertebral column , or backbone, is made up of a series of small bones, the vertebrae. These bones surround and protect the spinal cord , the large collection of nerves through which information is transmitted between the body and brain. The spinal cord must be intact and undamaged in order to feel sensations (including touch and pain), and for normal movement of the body and limbs. The individual vertebrae are separated by intervertebral disks . These soft tissue structures allow for normal movement between the vertebrae, and also act as shock absorbers. In cervical vertebral instability , there is compression of the spinal cord in the neck (cervical) region. There are seven vertebrae in the neck which surround and protect the spinal cord. Movement between these bones allows normal movement of the neck. With this condition, there are abnormalities in the structure of the vertebrae, of the ligaments that connect them, and/or of the disks between them. The reasons for these abnormalities are not clear; inheritance is a factor, and overfeeding in rapidly-growing large breed dogs is also thought to play a role. The result is instability between adjacent vertebrae, narrowing (stenosis) of the spinal canal, and pressure on the spinal cord. The consequences of compression of the spinal cord in the neck region are weakness and incoordination in all 4 legs - hence the name "wobbler".

83. Arch Intern Med -- Abstract: Spinal Cord Compression In Thalassemia. Report Of 1 Ten were made and two female, aged 17 to 40 years. The causes of spinal cord compression presumably were extramedullary hematopoietic masses. http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/141/8/1033

Select Journal or Resource JAMA Archives of Dermatology Facial Plastic Surgery Family Medicine (1992-2000) General Psychiatry Internal Medicine Neurology Ophthalmology Surgery Student JAMA (1998-2004) JAMA CareerNet For The Media Meetings Peer Review Congress Vol. 141 No. 8, July 1, 1981 Featured Link E-mail Alerts ARTICLE Article Options Send to a Friend Similar articles in this journal Literature Track Add to File Drawer Download to Citation Manager PubMed citation Articles in PubMed by Issaragrisil S Wasi P Articles that cite this article Contact me when this article is cited Spinal cord compression in thalassemia. Report of 12 cases and recommendations for treatment S. Issaragrisil, A. Piankigagum and P. Wasi Twelve patients with beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin E disease had spinal cord compression. Ten were made and two female, aged 17 to 40 years. The causes of spinal cord compression presumably were extramedullary hematopoietic masses. This was proved by surgery in two cases. In six cases, myelography demonstrated extradural blockade. In the others, the recurrent nature of

84. Cervical Stenosis Surgery Without Bone Fusion: Dr. Jho's Spinal Cord Decompressi Figure 2 In a patient with severe spinal cord compression preoperatively at the C34, C4-5 and C5-6 levels (A, B), the Jho procedure for Cervical Stenosis http://drjho.com/id53.htm

var TlxPgNm='id53'; Jho Institute for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery home Staff Overview Table of contents ... Directions and Contact Spine Diseases Cervical disc herniation Cervical stenosis Thoracic disc herniation Lumbar disc herniation Lumbar stenosis Spinal cord tumors Occipital neuralgia Spinal instability Chiari malformation Hyperhidrosis Brain Diseases Pituitary adenomas Cushing's Disease Acoustic neuromas Meningiomas Craniopharyngiomas Pineal tumors Skull base tumors Chordomas Arachnoid cysts Colloid cysts Hydrocephalus Trigeminal neuralgia Hemifacial spasm Vertigo and tinnitus Glossopharyngeal neuralgia Spasmodic torticollis Cerebral aneurysms Cervical Stenosis surgery without bone fusion: Dr. Jho's Spinal Cord Decompression via Anterior Foraminotomy for Spondylotic Cervical Stenosis or OPPL Dr. Jho 's Minimally Invasive Cervical Stenosis Surgery (The Jho procedure for cervical stenosis): Spinal Cord Decompression via Anterior Foraminotomy for Spondylotic Cervical Stenosis, or Ossified Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (OPPL) Hae Dong Jho, M.D., Ph.D., Professor of Neurosurgery

85. Health Topics A neurologic examination may indicatespinal cord compression, An untreated spinal cord abscess progresses tospinal cord compression that causes http://www.netwellness.org/ency/article/001405.htm

NetWellness provides the highest quality health information and education services created and evaluated by faculty of our partner universities. Friday, September 9, 2005 Home HealthTopics Health Centers Reference Library ... Search NetWellness ADAM Health Encyclopedia Injury Disease Nutrition Poison ... Z Spinal cord abscess Definition Spinal cord abscess is a disorder characterized by inflammation and a collection of infected material (pus) around the spinal cord. Alternative Names Abscess - spinal cord Causes A spinal cord abscess is caused when infection occurs within the internal areas of the spine. An abscess of the spinal cord itself is very, very rare. A spinal abscess usually occurs as an epidural abscess Pus forms as a collection of fluid, destroyed tissue cells, white blood cells, and live and dead microorganisms. The pus commonly becomes encapsulated (enclosed) by a lining or membrane that forms around the edges. The pus collection ( abscess ) causes pressure on the spinal cord. The infection may cause inflammation and swelling , which also compresses the spinal cord.

86. Anterior Cervical Decompression And Spine Fusion For Spondylotic Myelopathy Direct removal of the anterior source of spinal cord compression. Stabilization of the spine by way of a fusion, eliminating motion and the development of http://www.spine-health.com/topics/surg/cervdec/cervdec01.html

Introduction Common causes Conservative care Surgery ... Anatomy Search Anterior cervical decompression/fusion Introduction Surgical procedure Potential risks and complications Postoperative care Related information Artificial disc for cervical disc replacement Anterior cervical decompression and spine fusion for spondylotic myelopathy Benefits anterior decompression and spine fusion surgery In the past, cervical laminectomy (removing the posterior aspects of the spinal canal) to decompress (relieve pressure on) the spinal cord had been the procedure of choice to treat spondylotic myelopathy resulting from cervical arthritis. (See Cervical laminectomy for more information.) However, the majority of the abnormal anatomy producing spinal cord compression is located anteriorly to (in front of) the spinal cord itself. This is only indirectly addressed by a posterior cervical laminectomy. In fact, chronic spinal instability exacerbating the disease process may be caused by cervical laminectomy. In addition, a thick fibrous scar forms at the operative site in the postoperative period, at times replacing the bony compression and reproducing the original symptoms after an extended postoperative period.

87. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 14, Ch. 182, Spinal Cord Disorders Many diseases affect the spinal cord by mechanical compression, which often presents stereotypically and can be treated effectively if detected early. http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section14/chapter182/182b.jsp

88. Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: A Common Cause Of Spinal Cord Dysfunction In Ol MRI or CT (showing spinal stenosis and cord compression as a result of osteophyte overgrowth, disc herniation, ligamentum hypertrophy) http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000901/1064.html

Advanced Search AAFP Home Page Journals Vol. 62/No. 5 (September 1, 2000) Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: A Common Cause of Spinal Cord Dysfunction in Older Persons WILLIAM F. YOUNG, M.D., Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania A patient information handout on cervical spondylotic myelopathy, written by the author of this article, is provided on page 1073. C ervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is the most common spinal cord disorder in persons more than 55 years of age in North America and perhaps in the world. As the number of older persons in the United States increases, the incidence of CSM will most likely increase. In a prospective study designed to more accurately define the incidence of CSM, 23.6 percent of 585 patients with tetraparesis or paraparesis admitted to a United Kingdom regional neuroscience center had CSM. The overall prevalence in this population is unknown. Pathophysiology of CSM FIGURE 1. Axial computerized tomography scan showing ventral osteophytes pressing into the spinal canal. Spondylosis refers to the degenerative changes that occur in the spine, including degeneration of the joints, intervertebral discs, ligaments and connective tissue of the cervical vertebrae. There are three important pathophysiologic factors in the development of CSM: (1) static mechanical; (2) dynamic mechanical; and (3) spinal cord ischemia.

89. Thomas' Eclectic Practice Of Medicine, 1907: Diseases Of The Spinal Cord: Compre compression of the spinal cord. Synonym.—compression Myelitis. Definition.—An impairment of function of the cord, due to gradual compression. Etiology. http://www.ibiblio.org/herbmed/eclectic/thomas/spinal-cord-comp.html

Home Classic texts Thomas The Eclectic Practice of Medicine by Rolla L. Thomas, M. S., M. D., 1907. Compression of the Spinal Cord. Synonym Definition Etiology .—According to Taylor, of Guy's Hospital, the most common cause of compression of the cord is caries of the spine, not, as he says, from "angular curvature," which the caries produces, but from the inflammatory or caseous products, which form between the diseased bone and the external surface of the dura mater, destroying the posterior common ligament, and setting up an external pachymeningitis. Of less frequent occurrence, acting as causes, may be named tumors, carcinomatous and sarcomatous growths, and aneurisms. Pathology .—The alteration in the shape of the cord depends upon the amount of compression. The cord is flattened and may be narrowed, to one-half or one-third its natural diameter; myelitis follows, and the cord, in the early stage, shows some engorgement and softening, but later sclerosis follows, attended by "degeneration of the posterior columns above the lesion, and in the pyramidal tracts below the lesion." The microscopical changes are those peculiar to myelitis. While the nerve-roots will show more or less impairment, many nerve-fibers will remain intact.

90. Radiculopathies - compression of nerve roots or the meninges covering the spinal cord usually compression of the spinal cord needs to be recognized and treated promptly. http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/SClinic/Radiculo/Radiculopathy.htm

Spinal cord Weakness Radiculopathy Compression myelopathy ... Anatomy Radiculopathies The motor, sensory and sundry other tracts, the spinal grey matter, and the spinal nerve roots should no longer be strangers to you. The terms and symptoms that will be discussed are used daily by clinical neurologists. Clinicians often think in terms of "syndromes." A syndrome is a pattern of symptoms (what the patient complains about) and signs (what the physician finds) which suggest the location of a disease process and occasionally its nature. The consequence of nerve root damage (from any cause) is known as a radiculopathy (L. radicula = little root; pathos = disease), whereas the syndrome of "myelopathy"(Gr. myelos = marrow, pertaining to the spinal cord, pathos = disease) results from spinal cord damage. Since it is impossible to discuss all types of nerve root and spinal cord disorders in the time available, we have chosen to focus on the clinical features of syndromes caused by compression by tumors or other lesions affecting the nerve roots and the spinal cord. Compression of nerve roots or the meninges covering the spinal cord usually presents with back or neck pain. Back pain is a very common symptom and results in costs up to $50 billion annually for medical care and disability payments. Back or neck pain may be caused by a variety of musculoskeletal mechanisms and the physician needs to be able to examine the nervous system to determine if there is compression of nerve roots or the spinal cord. The anatomy you are learning is essential for understanding exam findings and symptoms of root or spinal cord compression.

91. Cervical Spinal Stenosis (compression) In Fibromyalgia And Chronic Fatigue Syndr vertebrae and contains the nerves (spinal cord and nerve roots) that run from Cervical (C1 through C7 vertebra) spinal stenosis (compression) occurs http://www.nfra.net/SpinSten.htm

Fibromyalgia (fi-bro-my-AL-ja) syndrome (FMS) produces chronic body-wide pain, which migrates and can be felt from head to toe. Diagnostic Criteria Rosner Rebuttal Central Nervous System Compare Symptoms Chiari I Malformation Cervical Spinal Stenosis Low Blood Pressure MRI Requirements Patient Testimonials Dr. Heffez Information Introduction to NFRA NFRA Symposiums Subgroups in FM New Dimensions in FM Other Abstracts Awareness Bracelet Awareness Pin Gifts and Memorials Calendar of Events ... Patient Organizations www.fmaware.org www.fmpartnership.org Cervical Spinal Stenosis The spinal canal is similar to a tunnel running the length of the human spine. It sits right behind the bony blocks called vertebrae and contains the nerves (spinal cord and nerve roots) that run from the brain throughout the body. Cervical (C1 through C7 vertebra) spinal stenosis (compression) occurs when something causes a narrowing of the canal, which results in the nerves becoming irritated or squeezed. The flow of cerebrospinal fluid is often obstructed by this abnormality as well. Stenosis can lead to a variety of symptoms including tingling, numbness, and weakness to severe pain and paralysis. (Refer to Comparable Symptom Chart .) Congenital conditions, injuries to the spine, cervical disc disease and age-related degeneration can be instigators of cervical spinal cord stenosis.

92. Spinal Cord Lesions The spinal cord and nerve roots may be injured by. a. compression from bone, ligaments, extruded disc material and tumors. http://kobiljak.msu.edu/CAI/Pathology/Trauma_F/Trauma_4.html

IV. SPINAL CORD LESIONS A. General comments The complex of anatomy of the vertebral column and the great concentration of important tracts in a structure of small cross-sectional area are unique features related to spinal cord injury. A number of factors influence the severity of pathological changes and functional deficits after spinal cord trauma, including age and the flexibility of the body, the size of the bony canal as influenced by heredity, degenerative changes of joints and intravertebral discs and variations in blood supply. The spinal levels most commonly involved with injury are the lower cervical spine (C4, C5, C6, C7, T1) and the thoracolumbar juncture (T12, L1, L2), the areas of greater mobility. B. Pathophysiology The spinal cord and nerve roots may be injured by: a. Compression from bone, ligaments, extruded disc material and tumors. b. Disruption or overstretching of neural tissues c. Edema following compression or concussion d. Disturbance of circulation Mechanisms of injury a.

93. NEUROLOGIE: CAS SPINAL CORD spinal cord, CT,CERVICAL spinal CANAL, STENOSIS,spinal cord, compression spinal cord, compression,SPINE, MR STUDIES,SPINE, INTERVERTEBRAL DISKS SPINE, http://www.med.univ-rennes1.fr/cerf/iconocerf/idx/N/SPINAL_CORD.html

ABNORMALITIES : SPINA CORD, ABNORMALITIES,SPINAL CORD, CT SPINAL CORD, COMPRESSION,SPINAL CORD, MR STUDIES,SPINAL CORD, ABNORMALITIES ANATOMY : SPINAL CORD, ANGIOGRAPHY,SPINAL CORD, ANATOMY,ARTERIES, SPINAL SPINAL CORD, ANATOMY,SPINAL CORD, ANGIOGRAPHY,ARTERIES, SPINAL SPINAL CORD, ANGIOGRAPHY,SPINAL CORD, ANATOMY,ARTERIES, SPINAL SPINAL CORD ANGIOGRAPHY, ANATOMY,SPINAL CORD, ANATOMY,ARTERIES, SPINAL ANGIOGRAPHY : ANGIOMA, SPINAL CORD,SPINAL CORD, MR STUDIES,SPINAL CORD, ANGIOGRAPHY SPINAL CORD, ANGIOGRAPHY,SPINAL CORD, ANATOMY,ARTERIES, SPINAL SPINAL CORD, ANATOMY,SPINAL CORD, ANGIOGRAPHY,ARTERIES, SPINAL SPINAL CORD, ANGIOGRAPHY,SPINAL CORD, ANATOMY,ARTERIES, SPINAL ... SPINAL CORD, ANGIOGRAPHY,SPINAL CORD, FISTULA ARTERIOVENOUS,MYELOGRAPHY ANGIOMA : SPINAL CORD, MR STUDIES,ANGIOMA, SPINAL CORD,ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION, SPINAL CORD ANGIOMA, SPINAL CORD,SPINAL CORD, MR STUDIES,SPINAL CORD, ANGIOGRAPHY SPINAL CORD, NEOPLASMS,ANGIOMA, CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ARTEFACT : CT, ARTEFACT,SPINAL CORD, CYST ARTERIES : SPINAL CORD, ANGIOGRAPHY,SPINAL CORD, ANATOMY,ARTERIES, SPINAL

94. Article : Case Report - Acute Paraplegia Due To Surgicel Related Thoracic Cord C We report a case of paraplegia caused by thoracic cord compression largely due to a mass 2 Hyperdense mass displacing and compressing the spinal cord http://www.ijri.org/articles/archives/19990902/neurorad01.htm

Case Report : Acute Paraplegia Due to Surgicel Related Thoracic Cord Compression R A CHERIAN, N HAQ Ind J Radiol Imag 1999; 9: 2: 49-51 Key Words: Spine, Cord, Paraplegia, Foreign Body Oxidized cellulose ( Surgicel ) is widely used for intraoperative hemostasis. When saturated with blood, Surgicel rapidly swells into a gelatinous mass. This property is particularly significant in a confined space containing neural tissue. Six cases of paraplegia following the use of oxidised cellulose in thoracic surgery have been reported . We report a case of paraplegia caused by thoracic cord compression largely due to a mass of Surgicel, following surgery for an extraspinal neurofibroma. CASE REPORT A thirty-five-years old lady was operated for a thoracic neurofibroma. The preoperative MR had demonstrated a 13.0 x 10.0cm mass lesion occupying the right costovertebral gutter, adjacent to the T3-T8 vertebral bodies. The lesion was of mixed signal intensity with large flow voids and areas of breakdown. The posterior portion of the T6 vertebral body and the adjacent right pedicle were markedly scalloped (Fig. 1). However, the inner cortex was intact and there was no evidence of extension into the spinal canal at this level or through the intervertebral foramina. FIG. 1: Large paravertebral mass scalloping the vertebral body and pedicle

95. Spinal Cord Injury (SCI): Damage Control And Treatment Treatment of Pediatric spinal cord Tumors mechanical trauma to the spinal cord and the secondary effects of reduced blood supply, compression, http://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article1770.html

The World Leader in Back Pain Care Home Patients Professionals Find a Doctor ... Pain Management SEARCH Make SpineUniverse my Home Page patient>treatments>trauma>non-surgical Use FREE SpineUniverse Tools. Enter your Zipcode and we'll show you the best doctors and treatments in your area. Spinal Cord Injury (SCI): Damage Control and Treatment Edward C. Benzel, M.D. Neurosurgeon The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, OH, USA Treatment Treatment begins with the emergency medical personnel who make an initial evaluation and immobilize the patient for transport. Immediate medical care within the first 8 hours following injury is critical to the patient's recovery. When injury occurs and for a period of time thereafter, the spinal cord responds by swelling. Treatment starts with steroid drugs such as methylprednisolone. These drugs reduce inflammation in the injured area and help to prevent further damage to cellular membranes that can cause nerve death. Sparing nerves from further damage and death is crucial. Each patient's injury is unique. Some patients require surgery to stabilize the spine, correct a gross misalignment, or to remove tissue causing cord or nerve compression. Spinal stabilization often helps to prevent further damage.

96. Reed Group - Guidelines Update 3rd Edition disc in the neck with compression and dysfunction of the spinal cord (myelopathy). The spinal cord can become compressed by a herniated disc alone, http://www.rgl.net/update2.asp

Guidelines Update 3rd Edition Cervical Disc Disorder with Myelopathy Other names/synonyms: Herniated Cervical Disc with Myelopathy What is it? This diagnosis describes a herniated disc in the neck with compression and dysfunction of the spinal cord (myelopathy). The spinal cord can become compressed by a herniated disc alone, but it is usually in combination with bone spurs in the spinal canal (cervical spondylosis) or a developmentally narrow spinal canal (spinal stenosis). This dis-order is less common than cervical disc herniation without myelopathy. They both cause neck pain and disturbance in arm sensation and strength. But the pressure on the spinal cord results in additional neurological disturbances in the legs and possibly bowel or bladder control impairment. How is it diagnosed? History is of neck and arm pain, and pins-and-needles sensations (paresthesias) may be reported. There is clumsiness or difficulty using the hands and legs. Bowel or bladder control problems are often reported, as well as sexual dys-function. The symptoms may present in different ways. There may be a central spinal cord syndrome, with weakness in the arms, even greater weakness in the legs, and arm reflexes that are depressed corresponding to the level of compression. A Brown-Sequard syndrome may be seen, as one-sided spinal cord dysfunction, weakness on one side, and loss of sensation on the opposite side. Another possible clinical picture is an anterior spinal artery syndrome (blockage of the artery by a centrally herniated disc), with a loss of sensory and motor function below the level of spinal cord compression. In general, with a herniated disc all these symptoms appear acutely, but, with spondylosis, the onset can be very gradual.

97. Spinal Cord Injury / Spine Injury result of compression of the artery that runs along the front of the spinal cord. The compression may be from bone fragments or a large disc herniation. http://www.cinn.org/isc/spinalcordinjury.html

Spine Anatomy Common Spine Disorders ComputedTomography (CT) Laboratory Tests ... Send This Page To a Friend Spinal Cord Injury / Spine Injury SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT Injuries to the spine and spinal cord are common. Spine injuries include fractures and dislocations. They may or may not be associated with spinal cord injuries. Spinal cord injuries may be seen without spine injuries. Their causes include falls, motor vehicle accidents, blunt trauma, gunshot wounds, stab wounds and sports injuries. Spinal cord injuries are a significant cause of disability in young people. The majority of injuries are seen in the cervical (neck) spine followed by the thoracic (chest) spine and the lumbar (low back) spine. Spinal cord injuries are divided into two main types: complete and incomplete. Complete injuries are those where there is no function below the level of the injury. About 3 percent of patients with complete injuries will show some improvement over the first 24 hours after injury. After 24 hours post-injury improvement is almost never seen. Injuries to other parts of the body are often seen in the setting of spinal cord injury. The reverse is also common; that is to say, spinal cord injuries are often seen in patients with other injuries (head, chest, abdomen etc.). Because of this, it is important to treat all major trauma patients as if they have a spine injury until proven otherwise.

98. Systemic Myelopathy VASCULAR DISEASE OF spinal cord Blood supply to spinal cord Direct cord root compression; Vascular insufficiency venous engorgement http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/spinal/systemic2.html

Front Search Index Links ... Patient Info MYELOPATHY Anatomical syndromes Anterior cord Cauda equina Central cord ... Posterior cord External link: Neuropate.dote Systemic disorders Traumatic myelopathy Vascular myelopathy From: M Al-Lozi PARTIAL CORD INJURY SYNDROMES Central cord Etiologies Trauma: Especially with Cervical arthritis Older patients Spondylitic myelopathy Syringomyelia Neoplasm: Metastatic, glial, lymphoma Sensory loss Sparing: Sacral May occur in absence of spinal fracture Anterior cord Etiology: Anterior spinal artery territory ischemia Relative preservation: Position sense Posterior cord Etiology Posterior spinal artery damage Diffuse atherosclerosis: Deficient collateral perfusion B deficiency Loss: Position sense Prognosis: Better than anterior syndrome Etiologies Trauma : Penetrating Radiation Decompression sickness Ipsilateral loss Weakness Position sense Contralateral loss Conus medullaris: Inferior cord Onset: Rapid Symmetric defects Weakness: Sacral Sensory Saddle (sacral distribution) May be dissociated ( syringomyelic Bladder involvement; Impotence: Consistent; Early Cauda equina Clinical Onset: Progressive; Slow; Unilateral

99. The Physician And Sportsmedicine: Cervical Spine And Brachial Plexus Injuries spinal cord resuscitation can include blood pressure maintenance and timely MRI evidence of cord compression Ligamentous sprain with mild laxity ( 3.5 http://www.physsportsmed.com/issues/1997/07jul/torg.htm

Cervical Spine and Brachial Plexus Injuries: Return-to-Play Recommendations Joseph S. Torg, MD; Julie A. Ramsey-Emrhein, MEd, ATC THE PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE - VOL 25 - NO. 7 - JULY 97 In Brief: A ll athletic injuries require careful attention, but evaluation and management of injuries involving the cervical spine and brachial plexus require particular caution. Possible nervous system involvement creates a high-risk situation with little room for error, particularly in athletes playing contact sports. An accurate diagnosis is imperative, and decisions about an athlete's return to contact activity should be based on clear criteria derived from data on athletic injuries to the cervical spine, spinal cord, and brachial plexus. Regarding return to play, these injuries and associated problems fall into three general categories: No contraindication: Experience and data indicate no increase in risk of serious injury. Absolute contraindication: Experience and data clearly indicate an increase in risk of serious injury. Relative contraindication: There is no clear evidence of an increase in the risk of serious injury, but sequelae may include recurrent injury or temporary, noncatastrophic injury. The player, coach, and parents must understand that there is some risk and agree to assume it.

100. Christopher Reeve Foundation : Mouse Spinal Cord Compression Injury Ameliorated The Christopher Reeve Paralysis Foundation (CRPF) is committed to funding research that develops treatments and cures for paralysis caused by spinal cord http://www.christopherreeve.org/Research/Research.cfm?ID=885&c=77

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