81. What Is Smallpox? You may be wondering what smallpox is and whether you or anyone you know is at risk for getting it. Get the answers to some questions you might have in this http://kidshealth.org/kid/health_problems/infection/smallpox.html

KidsHealth Kids Kids' Health Problems Infections You may have heard about smallpox and wondered what it is or whether you or anyone you know could get it. Some people are concerned that someday the germ that causes smallpox could be spread by people who want to use the disease as a weapon. But the chance of this happening is small, and the government and police are working on ways to protect us. In the meantime, learning about smallpox may help you feel less scared of it. So here are answers to some questions you might have: What is smallpox? Smallpox is a very serious illness caused by a virus called the variola (say: vair-ee- oh -luh) virus . Smallpox gets its name from the pus-filled blisters (or pocks) that form during the illness. Although the names may sound alike, smallpox is not related to chicken pox , which is a milder disease caused by a different virus. Although people are concerned that the smallpox virus might be used as a weapon, this would be difficult for anyone to do. Right now, there are no cases of smallpox disease in the United States. In fact, the last case of smallpox in the United States was in 1949, and the last case in the world was in 1977. Some samples of the virus that causes the disease are still kept in laboratories, though.

82. CNN.com - AIDS Drug Holds Promise As Smallpox Pill - March 20, 2002 CNN http://cnn.com/2002/HEALTH/conditions/03/20/smallpox.pill/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 AIDS drug holds promise as smallpox pill By Rhonda Rowland CNN Medical Unit SAN DIEGO, California (CNN) Research suggests that an antiviral drug used to treat AIDS-related infections could be developed into a pill to treat people exposed to smallpox in a biological weapons attack. A highly potent form of the drug cidofovir, developed by researchers at the University of California at San Diego and tested by the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute, proved effective in treating mice infected with cowpox and in laboratory tests on the smallpox virus itself. Researchers believe this more potent form of the drug could be harnessed into a pill that could be used to treat people exposed to smallpox, which was eradicated globally in the 1980s but could be a possible agent in a biological weapon. "We thought it could work orally, but what was surprising was the activity against smallpox and viruses in the pox family was 100 times more potent than [intravenous] cidofovir itself," said Dr. Karl Hostetler of UCSD.

83. Hardin MD : Smallpox & Smallpox Vaccine (Small Pox) From the University of Iowa, the *best* lists of Internet sources in smallpox (small pox) smallpox vaccine. http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/hardin/md/smallpox.html

A service of the University of Iowa Site Map Diseases Home ... Diseases Search Hardin MD See also: Home Bioterrorism Anthrax Infect. Disease Popular Women's Health Dermatology Nursing Pharm Infect Disease Anthrax +Pictures Bioterrorism +Pictures Bubonic Plague +Pictures Chickenpox +Pictures Infectious Diseases Medical Pictures Monkeypox +Pictures Virus Diseases +Pictures Smallpox Pictures MEDLINE plus Smallpox National Library of Medicine Yahoo : Smallpox Smallpox vaccine LookSmart : Smallpox Open Directory Project : Health : ... : Infectious diseases : Smallpox (Other versions: Google Smallpox US Government Smallpox Pictures MEDLINEplus Health Encyclopedia : Smallpox Symptoms A.D.A.M. / National Library of Medicine Smallpox images Vaccine reaction images US Center for Disease Control (CDC) Smallpox (Pictures scattered on several pages) Univ Edinburgh, Scotland Smallpox Goshen college (Class project), Indiana Bioterrorism update: Smallpox Mark Graber, Emergency medicine journal Smallpox virus (Variola) Bugs program, Donna Duckworth, Richard Crandall, Richard Rathe, Univ Florida

84. Targeted Smallpox Shots Could Be Enough CNN http://cnn.com/2002/HEALTH/11/14/smallpox.vaccine.ap/index.html

85. CDC Opens Smallpox Training For Health Officers CNN http://cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/conditions/12/17/cdc.smallpox.ap/index.html

86. Smallpox Fact Sheet The major responsibilities of the Communicable Disease Control Program are to identify disease outbreaks, respond rapidly to suspect and confirmed diseases http://hlunix.hl.state.ut.us/els/epidemiology/epifacts/smallpox.html

DELS Home Page Communicable Disease Control Epidemiology Communicable Disease ... Utah Public Health Lab Smallpox (Variola) (*PDF version) for printing. What is smallpox? Smallpox is an acute infectious disease caused by a virus. No one has naturally contracted smallpox since 1977. Smallpox was declared eradicated from the earth in 1980. However, the events of September and October 2001 have emphasized the need to be prepared for a biologic attack using smallpox as a weapon. How is smallpox spread? What are the symptoms of smallpox? There are two types of smallpox: variola major and variola minor. Variola major is the more severe form and has a 30-50% fatality rate among those who are unvaccinated (3% in vaccinated persons). Variola minor has a 1-2% fatality rate in unvaccinated individuals. There are two rare and more serious forms of smallpox. In the most severe, known as

87. Military Restricts Smallpox Shots For Those With Heart Risk CNN http://cnn.com/2003/HEALTH/04/04/smallpox.vaccinations.ap/index.html

88. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 13, Ch. 162, Viral Diseases This discussion on smallpox was added to the page on November 12, 2001, smallpox (variola) is a highly contagious disease caused by the smallpox virus, http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section13/chapter162/162f.jsp

89. Bush Gets Smallpox Shot CNN http://cnn.com/2002/US/12/21/bush.smallpox.ap/index.html

90. (D2OL)™ - Pathogens - Smallpox smallpox infection was eliminated from the world in 1977. smallpox is caused by the variola virus. The incubation period is about 12 days (range 7 to 17 http://www.d2ol.com/smallpox.html

Overview Anthrax Smallpox SARS ... Plague Smallpox infection was eliminated from the world in 1977. Smallpox is caused by the variola virus. The incubation period is about 12 days (range: 7 to 17 days) following exposure. Initial symptoms include high fever, fatigue, and head and back aches. A characteristic rash, most prominent on the face, arms, and legs, follows in 2-3 days. The rash starts with flat red lesions that evolve at the same rate. Lesions become pus-filled and begin to crust early in the second week. Scabs develop and then separate and fall off after about 3-4 weeks. The majority of patients with smallpox recover, but death occurs in up to 30% of cases. Smallpox is spread from one person to another by infected saliva droplets that expose a susceptible person having face-to-face contact with the ill person. Persons with smallpox are most infectious during the first week of illness, because that is when the largest amount of virus is present in saliva. However, some risk of transmission lasts until all scabs have fallen off. Routine vaccination against smallpox ended in 1972. The level of immunity, if any, among persons who were vaccinated before 1972 is uncertain; therefore, these persons are assumed to be susceptible.

91. Experts To Review Smallpox Vaccine Policy CNN http://cnn.com/2002/HEALTH/06/16/smallpox.vaccine.ap/index.html

92. The Demon In The Freezer The story of how smallpox, a disease of officially eradicated twenty years ago, became the biggest bioterrorist threat we now face. http://cryptome.org/smallpox-wmd.htm

17 July 1999 Source: Hardcopy The New Yorker , July 12, 1999, pp. 44-61. Thanks to Richard Preston and The New Yorker See also: "The Bioweaponeers": http://cryptome.org/bioweap.htm A REPORTER AT LARGE THE DEMON IN THE FREEZER How smallpox, a disease of officially eradicated twenty years ago, became the biggest bioterrorist threat we now face. BY RICHARD PRESTON T HE smallpox virus first became entangled with the human species somewhere between three thousand and twelve thousand years ago possibly in Egypt at the time of the Pharaohs. Somewhere on earth at roughly that time, the virus jumped out of an unknown animal into its first human victim, and began to spread. Viruses are parasites that multiply inside the cells of their hosts, and they are the smallest life forms. Smallpox developed a deep affinity for human beings. It is thought to have killed more people than any other infectious disease, including the Black Death of the Middle Ages. It was declared eradicated from the human species in 1979, after a twelve-year effort by a team of doctors and health workers from the World Health Organization. Smallpox now exists only in laboratories. Smallpox is explosively contagious, and it travels through the air. Virus particles in the mouth become airborne when the host talks. If you inhale a single particle of smallpox, you can come down with the disease. After you've been infected, there is a typical incubation period of ten days. During that time, you feel normal. Then the illness hits with a spike of fever, a backache, and vomiting, and a bit later tiny red spots appear all over the body. The spots turn into blisters, called pustules, and the pustules enlarge, filling with pressurized opalescent pus. The eruption of pustules is sometimes called the splitting of the dermis. The skin doesn't break, but splits horizontally, tearing away from its underlayers. The pustules become hard, bloated sacs the size of peas, encasing the body with pus, and the skin resembles a cobbled stone street.

93. FOXNews.com - U.S. & World - Smallpox Scientifically known as variola, smallpox is among the few contagious Variola minor, a variation of the smallpox virus, is less severe than the major http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,76860,00.html

OAS_AD('Top'); document.write(secTimeStamp); SEARCH writeFeature(0); writeFeature(1); writeFeature(2); RESPOND TO EDITOR E-MAIL STORY PRINTER FRIENDLY FOXFAN CENTRAL Smallpox Monday, February 24, 2003 BACKGROUND LINKS writeScroll(openTab2,'2'); What Is It? Scientifically known as variola, smallpox is among the few contagious bioterror agents. The last naturally occurring case was in Somalia in 1977 and the World Health Organization declared it eradicated in 1980. Symptoms are severe and permanently disfiguring. To pass the disease on to someone else, direct face-to-face contact is required. It falls somewhere between tuberculosis and chickenpox in its level of contagiousness. Smallpox is lethal in about 30 percent of all cases. Two other forms of smallpox are historically rare but usually fatal: Purpura Variolosa , or hemorrhagic-type smallpox, and Flat-type smallpox . These two variations usually develop in 3 percent and 5 percent, respectively, of people infected with variola major Variola minor , a variation of the smallpox virus, is less severe than the major strain, and kills about 1 percent of those infected.

94. Feds States Need To Reassess Smallpox Plans CNN http://cnn.com/2003/HEALTH/05/02/smallpox.plans.ap/index.html

95. Immunisation-Box 2 The boy did not develop smallpox, so Jenner repeated the process with others Since smallpox has been eradicated as a disease, the only sources of the http://www.science.org.au/nova/012/012box02.htm

Published by Australian Academy of Science Sponsored by Printer-friendly version of complete topic vacca means cow.) Smallpox has been eradicated In recent years, smallpox vaccine made from a similar virus, the vaccinia virus, has been used worldwide and smallpox has been eliminated altogether. The world’s last reported case was the death of a British laboratory worker who became infected with live smallpox virus kept at a research institution. Stores of smallpox Since smallpox has been eradicated as a disease, the only sources of the virus are stored in a couple of high-containment laboratories. A specialist committee of the World Health Organization (WHO) suggested destroying these stores of the virus in 1986. However, a project to look at the DNA of the virus forstalled the destruction of the stores. Now scientists are voicing arguments for and against the elimination of the virus. The most compelling argument for the destruction of the smallpox stores is the potential for terrorists to use the virus for biological warfare. Those against the destruction of the stores want the virus samples to be maintained for study. Australian scientist Professor Frank Fenner, chairman of the WHO committee involved in the decision, maintains that the responsible action is to destroy the virus. (Even if the virus is destroyed, doses of the smallpox vaccine would be kept.)

96. CNN.com - CDC Releases Smallpox Vaccination Plan - Sep. 23, 2002 CNN http://cnn.com/2002/HEALTH/conditions/09/23/cdc.smallpox.plan/index.html

CNN Europe CNN Asia Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese On CNN TV Transcripts Headline News CNN International ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-mail Newsletters CNNtoGO SEARCH Web CNN.com CDC releases smallpox vaccination plan Story Tools CDC PLAN Document: Smallpox Vaccination Clinic Guide (PDF Adobe Acrobat required) RELATED Interactive: Smallpox explained ATLANTA, Georgia (CNN) Federal health officials have put together guidelines for vaccinating within five days the entire U.S. population against smallpox in case of a bioterrorist attack. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sent a manual to all 50 states and Washington, D.C. Monday with instructions on how to vaccinate entire populations within a week of an outbreak. Only scientific research centers in the United States and Russia are known to have the smallpox virus, but federal officials are concerned terrorist groups might obtain the virus and release it in the United States. The virus could kill up to 30 percent of those infected. Called the Smallpox Vaccination Guide, the CDC manual states that in the event of an outbreak, rapid vaccination "may be required" to stop the virus from spreading.

97. An Update On Smallpox President Bush announces smallpox vaccination plan as a precautionary measure. http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2003/203_smallpox.html

Email this Page To a Friend U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDA Consumer magazine March-April 2003 Table of Contents An Update on Smallpox By Michelle Meadows The last confirmed case of smallpox in the United States occurred in 1949, and the last naturally occurring case in the world was recorded in Somalia in 1977. Three years later, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eradicated. But if terrorists were to intentionally introduce just a single case of smallpox today, it could mushroom into a public health emergency, experts say. In December 2002, President Bush announced a comprehensive plan to protect Americans from smallpox if it were to be used in a bioterrorist attack. The plan addresses actions to quickly contain an outbreak through vaccination. As part of this plan, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has been working with state and local governments to develop a national stockpile of smallpox vaccine. The only smallpox vaccine currently licensed by the Food and Drug Administration is Dryvax (smallpox vaccine, dried, calf lymph type), made by Wyeth Laboratories Inc. in Marietta, Pa. "The vaccine was first approved in 1931, and the existing lots were manufactured in the 1970s and early 1980s and stored frozen," says William Egan, deputy director of the FDA's Office of Vaccine Research and Review. "The vaccine lots remained fully potent." In October 2002, the FDA approved a license supplement for a 100-dose kit of Dryvax, with a new supply of diluent (the liquid that's mixed with dried vaccine before it's administered) and needles for administration, Egan says. "Before the approval of this supplement, Dryvax was available only under an investigational new drug (IND) application. Now the vaccine can be distributed and used as any other approved product." Along with Dryvax, there are several other smallpox vaccines that are being evaluated under INDs.

98. Israel Mulls Mass Smallpox Vaccinations CNN http://cnn.com/2002/WORLD/meast/12/23/sproject.irq.israel.smallpox.ap/index.html

99. MIL VAX In early January 2003, DoD began smallpox vaccinations of selected US military DoD smallpox vaccine recipients have experienced the temporary symptoms http://www.smallpox.army.mil/media/pages/SPSafetySum.asp

window.open('/browser.html','Browser','width=375,height=260,top=182,left=144') search contact us THE DANGER THE VACCINE ... smallpox overview Last Updated: 9 Sep 05 SMALLPOX SAFETY SUMMARY sitemap home DoD Smallpox Vaccination Program Safety Summary, as of March 31, 2003 Background: On December 13, 2002, the President directed smallpox vaccinations for about 500,000 selected military personnel. DoD vaccinations began immediately for emergency response personnel and hospital staff members. Comprehensive training programs in vaccination technique, infection-control safeguards, screening and education methods, adverse event monitoring, and product storage and handling, aggressively launched in October 2002, made immediate vaccinations possible. In early January 2003, DoD began smallpox vaccinations of selected US military forces, and emergency-essential civilians and contractors deployed or deploying in support of U.S. Central Command missions. Program Status: DoD operational forces and healthcare workers vaccinated against smallpox: over 350,000 NOTE: All appropriate program information is provided regularly to federal health authorities, including all safety-surveillance data.

100. CNN.com - The Smallpox Scenario - Dec. 9, 2002 CNN http://cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/12/09/timep.iraq.smallpox2/index.html

CNN Europe CNN Asia Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese On CNN TV Transcripts Headline News CNN International ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-mail Newsletters CNNtoGO SEARCH Web CNN.com The smallpox scenario By Unmesh Kher Story Tools As the U.N. and member governments seek to uncover whatever illicit weapons programs Iraq might have, few tasks are as urgent as determining whether Baghdad has obtained the smallpox virus. The only declared reserves of the 120 known strains of smallpox are in two labs, in the U.S. and Russia, but fears that Iraq may possess the virus have lately come to a head. Why the suspicions? As the New York Times first reported last week, the CIA is investigating the possibility that a Russian scientist, Nelli Maltseva, ferried a nasty strain of smallpox from the Research Institute for Viral Preparations in Moscow to Iraq in 1990. She died two years ago. The allegation caused quite a kerfuffle in Russia. Maltseva's daughter Natalia, a cardiologist, has threatened to sue the newspaper for having "blackened her mother's reputation." The institute's current director, Vitali Zverev, says the last time Maltseva handled smallpox was in 1982, which was also the last time she traveled abroadto Finland, not Iraq. Of course, none of this proves Saddam does not have the smallpox virusand there's some evidence he does. Eight of 69 Iraqi POWs screened during the Gulf War were immune to smallpox.

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