41. Shigella shigellosis is an infectious disease caused by various species of Shigella. shigellosis usually resolves in 5 to 7 days, but in some persons, http://textbookofbacteriology.net/Shigella.html

Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology Shigella and Shigellosis Shigella is a genus of the bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae. Shigellae are Gram-negative, nonmotile, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacteria, very closely related to Escherichia coli. Shigellosis is an infectious disease caused by various species of Shigella. People infected with Shigella develop diarrhea, fever, and stomach cramps starting a day or two after they are exposed to the bacterium. The diarrhea is often bloody. Shigellosis usually resolves in 5 to 7 days, but in some persons, especially young children and the elderly, the diarrhea can be so severe that the patient needs to be hospitalized. A severe infection with high fever may also be associated with seizures in children less than 2 years old. Some persons who are infected may have no symptoms at all, but may still teansmit the Shigella bacteria to others. Shigella were discovered over 100 years ago by a Japanese microbiologist named Shiga, for whom the genus are named. There are four species of Shigella: boydii, dysenteriae, flexneri, and sonnei. Shigella sonnei

42. Shigellosis Keusch, Gerald T. shigellosis. In Harrison s Principles of Internal Khan,Wasif A. Treatment of shigellosis V. Comparison of Azithromycin and http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/shigellosis.jsp

43. Adult Health Advisor 2004.2: Food Poisoning: Shigellosis shigellosis is a bacterial infection of the stomach and intestine. Another namefor shigellosis is bacillary dysentery. shigellosis can be a problem where http://www.med.umich.edu/1libr/aha/aha_shigillo_crs.htm

Adult Health Topics All Health Topics Find a UMHS Doctor Search Adult Topics Search All Topics This information is approved and/or reviewed by U-M Health System providers but it is not a tool for self-diagnosis or a substitute for medical treatment. You should speak to your physician or make an appointment to be seen if you have questions or concerns about this information or your medical condition. Index Food Poisoning: Shigellosis What is shigellosis? Shigellosis is a bacterial infection of the stomach and intestine. Another name for shigellosis is bacillary dysentery. Shigellosis can be a problem where sanitation is poor and large groups of people are crowded together. It is becoming more common in day care centers and nursing homes. In children and the elderly, the illness can be severe and can be accompanied by dehydration (loss of body fluids), imbalance of chemicals in the body, and by shock. How does it occur? The disease is caused by Shigella bacteria. It is spread through the feces (bowel movements) of people who carry the bacteria in their intestines. Carriers may or may not have symptoms. You can get the disease by eating or drinking from anything contaminated with the bacteria. You can also get it by touching something contaminated (such as a plate), then touching your mouth. Flies can also spread the disease.

44. Shigellosis abdominal pain and distention. Stools show blood, pus and mucus. CAUSES.shigella ingestion. ICD9-CM 004.9 shigellosis, unspecified Web references http://www.5mcc.com/Assets/SUMMARY/TP0843.html

Shigellosis DESCRIPTION: Acute infection of the bowel. Source of infection: excreta of infected individuals that may be indirectly spread by contaminated food. Incubation period - 1 to 4 days. Characteristics - sudden onset of fever, irritability, drowsiness, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and distention. Stools show blood, pus and mucus. CAUSES: shigella ingestion ICD-9-CM: 004.9 shigellosis, unspecified Web references: CDC - National Center for Infectious Diseases Author(s): Mark R. Dambro, MD

45. Shigellosis CHC Wausau Hospital s Medical Library and Patient Education Center providesresearch services and healthcare information to physicians, http://www.chclibrary.org/micromed/00065110.html

Main Search Index Definition Description Causes ... Resources Shigellosis Definition Shigellosis is an infection of the intestinal tract by a group of bacteria called Shigella . The bacteria is named in honor of Shiga, a Japanese researcher, who discovered the organism in 1897. The major symptoms are diarrhea , abdominal cramps, fever , and severe fluid loss ( dehydration ). Four different groups of Shigella can affect humans; of these, S. dysenteriae generally produces the most severe attacks, and S. sonnei the mildest. Description Shigellosis is a well-known cause of traveler's diarrhea and illness throughout the world. Shigella are extremely infectious bacteria, and ingestion of just 10 organisms is enough to cause severe diarrhea and dehydration. Shigella accounts for 10 -20% of all cases of diarrhea worldwide, and in any given year infects over 140 million persons and kills 600,000, mostly children and the elderly. The most serious form of the disease is called dysentery, which is characterized by severe watery (and often blood- and mucous-streaked) diarrhea, abdominal cramping, rectal pain , and fever.

46. Shigella Spp. - Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Group D S. sonnei; shigellosis, Bacillary dysentery INFECTIONS at least81 reported cases of shigellosis acquired from a laboratory before 1991 http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/msds-ftss/msds139e.html

Home Material Safety Data Sheets - Infectious Substances MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET - INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES SECTION I - INFECTIOUS AGENT NAME: Shigella spp. SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Group A - S. dysenteriae , Group B - S. flexneri, Group C - S. boydii, Group D - S. sonnei ; Shigellosis, Bacillary dysentery CHARACTERISTIC: Family Enterobacteriaceae; Gram negative rod, non-encapsulated, non-sporogenous, non-motile; serological identification of somatic antigens; four serogroups historically treated as species; S. disenteriae may produce enterotoxin (Shiga toxin) SECTION II - HEALTH HAZARD PATHOGENICITY: Acute disease of large and small intestine; diarrhea, fever, nausea, and sometimes toxemia, vomiting, cramps and tenesmus; stools contain blood, mucus and pus; alterations in consciousness may occur; mild and asymptomatic infections occur; severity of illness depends on host, dose and serotype - S. dysenteriae infections have up to 20% case fatality rate in hospitalized patients, while S. sonnei

47. International Note - Antibiotics In The Management Of Shigellosis - CCDR Volume shigellosis is becoming an increasingly significant public health problem becauseof the development of multiple antimicrobial resistances that result in http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/ccdr-rmtc/04vol30/dr3023eb.html

Volume 30-23 1 December 2004 Table of Contents International Note - Antibiotics in the management of shigellosis Shigellosis is becoming an increasingly significant public health problem because of the development of multiple antimicrobial resistances that result in frequent treatment failure, leading to complications and deaths. The use of an effective antimicrobial against shigellosis alleviates the dysenteric syndrome, fever and abdominal cramps, reduces the duration of pathogen excretion, interrupts disease transmission and reduces the risk of potential complications. In ideal situations, a stool or rectal swab sample should be processed for laboratory confirmation of diagnosis and drug sensitivity testing before institution of antimicrobial therapy. However, this is rarely possible, and empiric antimicrobial therapy is instituted based on the knowledge of the antimicrobial resistance pattern of Shigella strains circulating locally. Antibiotics used to date The choice of antimicrobials effective in treating shigellosis has become very limited. Tetracycline, ampicillin and co-trimoxazole, once used as first-line antimicrobials, are no longer effective.

48. Shigellosis shigellosis is a bacterial infection that affects the intestines. Anyone canget shigellosis, but it is recognized more often in young children. http://health2k.state.nv.us/disease/diseases/shigellosis.htm

Shigellosis What is shigellosis? Who gets shigellosis? How is the Shigella germ spread? What are the symptoms? ... What can be done to prevent the spread of shigellosis? What is shigellosis? Shigellosis is a bacterial infection that affects the intestines. It is one of the more common causes of diarrhea. Most cases are seen in the summer and early fall and occur as single cases or outbreaks. Who gets shigellosis? Anyone can get shigellosis, but it is recognized more often in young children. Those who may be at greater risk include children in day-care centers, travelers to certain foreign countries, institutionalized people and men who have sex with other men. How is the shigellosis germ spread? Shiga bacteria are found in the intestines of infected people, who, in turn, may contaminate food or water. Shiga bacteria are spread by eating or drinking contaminated food or water or by direct contact with an infected person. What are the symptoms? People with shigellosis may have diarrhea, often with fever, cramps, and traces of blood or mucus in the stool. Some infected people may not show any symptoms. How soon do symptoms appear?

49. Shigellosis: Definition And Much More From Answers.com shig·el·lo·sis ( shig ?lo sis ) n. , pl. -ses ( -sez ). Dysentery caused byany of various species of shigellae, occurring most frequently in. http://www.answers.com/topic/shigellosis

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Dictionary Medical WordNet Wikipedia Best of Web Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping shigellosis Dictionary shig·el·lo·sis shĭg ə-lō sĭs n. pl. -ses -sēz Dysentery caused by any of various species of shigellae, occurring most frequently in areas where poor sanitation and malnutrition are prevalent and commonly affecting children and infants. Medical shig·el·lo·sis shĭg ə-lō sĭs n. pl. -ses -sēz Dysentery caused by any of various species of Shigella , occurring most frequently in areas where poor sanitation and malnutrition are prevalent and commonly affecting children and infants. WordNet Note: click on a word meaning below to see its connections and related words. The noun shigellosis has one meaning: Meaning #1 an acute infection of the intestine by Shigella bacteria; characterized by diarrhea and fever and abdominal pains Synonym: bacillary dysentery Wikipedia shigellosis Shigellosis is an illness, caused by infection by

50. Shigellosis Definition - Medical Dictionary Definitions Of Popular Medical Terms Online Medical Dictionary and glossary with medical definitions. http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6323

51. Shigellosis Fact Sheet shigellosis is a bacterial infection. Approximately 300 to 400 cases are Anyone can get shigellosis but it is recognized more often in young children. http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/communicable/Communicable/factsheets/Shigellosis.htm

Topics A-Z Reference Center Search AIDS-HIV ... Tuberculosis Disease Fact Sheet Series: Shigellosis Printable Version What is shigellosis? Shigellosis is a bacterial infection. Approximately 300 to 400 cases are reported in Wisconsin each year. Most cases are seen in the summer and early fall and occur as single cases or outbreaks. Who gets shigellosis? Anyone can get shigellosis but it is recognized more often in young children. Those who may be at greater risk include children in day care centers, foreign travelers to certain countries, institutionalized people, and active homosexuals. Animals are not infected with nor do they carry Shigella. How is shigellosis spread? Shigella bacteria are found in the intestinal tract of infected people who in turn may contaminate food or water. The bacteria are spread by eating or drinking contaminated food or water or by direct or indirect contact with fecal material from an infected person. What are the symptoms?

52. BBC- One Life - Health - A To Z - Shigellosis The One Life guide to shigellosis. shigellosis is a bowel infection causedby the bacterium Shigella. What are the symptoms? http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/onelife/health/atoz/shigellosis.shtml

@import url('/includes/tbenh.css') ; Home TV Radio Talk ... A-Z Index FRIDAY 9th September 2005 Text only HELP DJ on the Phone // House Rules // You +3 // Hot Mix // Pete's Pages BBC Homepage RADIO 1 HOME ONE LIFE HOME ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! Choose another article: Intro Acne ADHD Allergies Amoebic Dysentry Anaemia Aphasia Arthritis Asthma Athlete's Foot Autism Birthmarks Campylobacteriosis Cancer Breast Cancer Cervical Cancer Skin Cancer Testicular Cancer Testicular Cancer: Treatment Testicular Cancer: Further Information Cystic Fibrosis Cold Sores Colds Colour Blind Cosmetic Surgery Cosmetic Surgery: Alternatives Cerebral Palsy Cytomegalovirus Deafness Diabetes Diabetes: Treatment Dyslexia Eczema Epilepsy Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Flu Giardiasis Glandular Fever Hayfever Headaches Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV-8) Meningitis Molluscum Contagiosum Multiple Sclerosis Muscular Dystrophy Mycoplasma Genitalium Inflammatory Disease Post Traumatic Stress Post Viral Fatigue Syndrome (PVFS) Psoriasis Pubic Lice Salmonellosis Scabies Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) Shigellosis Skin Markings Speech Impediments Spina Bifida Stammering Tinnitus Trichomoniasis Tuberculosis Ureaplasma urealyticum Viruses Visual Impairment ONE LIFE HEALTH A TO Z Shigellosis What is shigellosis?

53. Shigellosis (Shigella) - Minnesota Dept. Of Health shigellosis is an infectious disease caused by a group of bacteria called Shigella . Causes and Symptoms of shigellosis Shigella facts, including common http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/idepc/diseases/shigellosis/

dqmcodebase = "http://www.health.state.mn.us/script/" Shigellosis ( Shigella Shigellosis Home Causes and Symptoms Prevention Statistics ... For Health Professionals External Links CDC Shigellosis Infections Foodborne Illness Home Causes and Symptoms Prevention Statistics ... For Health Professionals More From MDH Infectious Diseases A-Z Infectious Diseases by Category External Links CDC Foodborne Illness Shigellosis ( Shigella Shigellosis is an infectious disease caused by a group of bacteria called Shigella . The Shigella bacteria pass from one infected person to the next. Causes and Symptoms of Shigellosis Shigella facts, including common symptoms and how the disease is spread. Preventing Shigellosis Learn how to minimize your risk of Shigella infection. Shigellosis Statistics Statistics for shigellosis in Minnesota. Health Care Provider Information on Shigellosis Required reporting information, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, and other clinical information. Protect others if you are experiencing diarrhea!

54. Reporting Shigellosis - Minnesota Dept. Of Health How To Report shigellosis. Blue Disease Report Card shigellosis may be reportedusing the MDH blue card within one working day. http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/idepc/dtopics/reportable/shigellosis.html

dqmcodebase = "http://www.health.state.mn.us/script/" Reporting an Infectious Disease Reporting Home Reportable Diseases Persons Required to Report Chronic Infections in Pregnant Patients ... Rules Infectious Disease Programs Infectious Disease Home Acute Disease Investigation and Control Immunization, Tuberculosis and International Health Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV ... Field Services More from MDH Infectious Diseases A-Z Infectious Diseases by Category IDEPC Newsletters Reporting an Infectious Disease ... Immunizations Reporting Shigellosis ( Shigella spp.) On this page: What to report How to report Who is required to report Submitting clinical materials ... More about Shigellosis What to report Shigellosis ( Shigella spp.) must be reported to MDH within one working day. How to report Shigellosis Blue Disease Report Card This disease may be reported using the MDH "blue card." Phone Any reportable infectious disease may be reported by phone to 612-676-5414 or 877-676-5414. Who is required to report Persons Required to Report Disease Submitting clinical materials For Shigellosis, submission of clinical materials (isolate, if available) to MDH is required by rule.

55. WHO | Shigellosis shigellosis. 14 July 2004 shigellosis in Sudan Full text. 5 November 2003shigellosis in Central African Republic Full text. 5 November 2003 http://www.who.int/csr/don/archive/disease/shigellosis/en/

All WHO This site only Home About WHO Countries Health topics ... Archive by disease Shigellosis 14 July 2004 Shigellosis in Sudan Full text 5 November 2003 Shigellosis in Central African Republic Full text 5 November 2003 Bloody diarrhoea in Liberia Full text 4 February 2000 2000 - Dysentery in Sierra Leone Full text 28 January 2000 2000 - Dysentery in Lesotho Full text 24 January 2000 2000 - Dysentery in Sierra Leone Full text WHO outbreak communications guidelines Avian influenza Latest information Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Latest information DISEASE OUTBREAKS Ethiopia - Update Poliomyelitis Full text Guinea Yellow fever Full text West Africa Cholera Full text Disease Outbreak News Employment Other UN Sites ... Privacy

56. WHO | Shigellosis In Sudan An outbreak of shigellosis has been detected through the Early Warning Systemset up by WHO in North Darfur in the Abu Shoak Internally Displaced Persons http://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2004_07_14/en/

All WHO This site only Home About WHO Countries Health topics ... printable version Shigellosis in Sudan 14 July 2004 An outbreak of Shigellosis has been detected through the Early Warning System set up by WHO in North Darfur in the Abu Shoak Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camp, covering a population of approximately 40,000 people at the end of June. The outbreak started in the middle of May. As of 30 June, 1340 cases of bloody diarrhea with 11 deaths were notified by WHO's partners, including UNICEF, Action contre la Faim, the International Committee of the Red Cross, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and M©decins sans Fronti¨res . Of the 13 stool samples laboratory tested on 30 June, 3 were positive for Shigella dysenteriae type 1. WHO has provided assistance for laboratory diagnosis and has trained staff for the treatment of cholera and epidemic diarrhoea. Employment Other UN Sites Search Suggestions ... Privacy

57. Shigellosis Alert The bacteria leads to an infectious disease called shigellosis. shigellosis isspread from one infected person to the next very easily, even after the http://www.wcax.com/Global/story.asp?S=3668296

58. Shigellosis Outbreak Spreads Children ages 2 to 4 are most likely to get shigellosis and the disease is more In 1991, Fayette County also experienced a major shigellosis outbreak http://www.foodconsumer.org/777/8/Shigellosis_outbreak_spreads.shtml

Foodconsumer.org Advertising Shopseek.com AnyPro.com Mortgage Biz ... F.ood C.onsumer Search All Categories Misc. News F.eatured P.roducts C onsumer A ffair Non-f.ood Things Letter to Editor C.ardiovascular C.ancer B.ody W.eight G.eneral H.ealth N.utrition F.ood C.hemicals B.iological A.gents T.echnologies F.ood C.onsumer Advanced Search : B.iological A.gents Last Updated: Sep 3rd, 2005 - 11:55:47 Shigellosis outbreak spreads By FSNET Jul 30, 2005, 22:18 Email this article Printer friendly page Lexington Herald-Leader Barbara Isaacs Dr. Melinda Rowe, commissioner of the Lexington-Fayette County Health Department, Kentucky, was cited as saying that Fayette County’s ongoing shigellosis outbreak is no longer just related to kids sickened in day care, adding, "This is a community-wide outbreak going on. It’s probably going to get worse before it gets better.” The story says that the number of confirmed shigellosis cases has doubled during the past month, bringing the total since May to 111. A month ago, the vast majority of shigella infections — 49 of 55 cases — were among children 4 and under who attend day care. But, the story says, the outbreak is expanding. Most troubling to Rowe and other public health officials is that seven recent cases have sprung up among adults who haven’t had contact with infected children or day care centers.

59. Shigellosis shigellosis is a fairly common bacterial infection affecting the Anyone canget shigellosis but it is recognized more often in young children. http://www.dph.state.ct.us/BCH/infectiousdise/shigello.htm

Connecticut Department of Public Health Fact Sheet Shigellosis What is shigellosis? Shigellosis is a fairly common bacterial infection affecting the intestinal tract. It is caused by a bacterium called Shigella . Most cases are seen in the summer and early fall and occur as single cases or outbreaks. Where are Shigella bacteria found? Shigella can be found in the intestinal tract of infected people who in turn may contaminate food or water. How is the this bacteria spread? Shigella bacteria are spread by eating or drinking contaminated food or water or by direct contact with an infected person. Infection may occur after ingestion of very few (10-100) organisms. Who gets shigellosis? Anyone can get shigellosis but it is recognized more often in young children. Those who may be at greater risk include children in day care centers, foreign travelers to certain countries, institutionalized people, and active homosexuals. What are the symptoms of shigellosis? People infected with Shigella may experience mild or severe diarrhea often with fever, nausea and sometimes cramps and vomiting. Traces of blood or mucous in the stool can be found in typical cases. Some infected people may show mild illness or no symptoms.

60. BANGLAPEDIA: Shigellosis shigellosis diarrhoeal illness caused by the enteric bacterial pathogen Shigella of The winter months show relatively low incidence of shigellosis, http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/S_0336.htm

Shigellosis diarrhoeal illness caused by the enteric bacterial pathogen Shigella of which there are four species, all of which are pathogenic to man. These are: Shigella dysenteriae S. flexneri S. sonnei and S. boydii . The bacteria enter the gut through the oral route with contaminated food and water. Contamination is believed to be brought about mainly by person to person contact since the practice of hand-washing prior to handling food has been found to be effective in lowering disease incidence. In the intestine, they multiply, produce toxins and invade the intestinal epithelial cells and spread to adjacent cells causing thereby a focus of infection. The consequence of these is onset of diarrhoea with stool mixed with blood and mucus and triggering fever and severe abdominal pain. The disease usually lasts for a week but should preferably be treated with antibiotics since the illness can lead to other complications such as failure of kidney and if not treated promptly, may be fatal. The disease is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, the most vulnerable group being children under the age of five. In Bangladesh, the disease also known as bacillary dysentery or blood dysentery, is prevalent throughout the year at a certain level of incidence, called the endemic level, but every year sporadic epidemics break out in parts of the country some of which are quite explosive causing considerable morbidity and mortality. The winter months show relatively low incidence of shigellosis, February being the month with generally the lowest incidence. The incidence then begins to rise and reaches a peak during early monsoon months - June and July. A post-monsoon period of high incidence has also occasionally been recorded in some years. In addition to the year round occurrence and sporadic epidemics for which no precipitating factors can be readily identified, the disease like other enteric infections is also common following natural disasters such as cyclone and monsoon flooding. Poor personal health and sanitation are the main factors aiding the spread of the disease.

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