101. CBC News: Ontario Rubella Outbreak Includes Vaccinated Man The number of rubella cases in southwestern Ontario continues to grow, FROM MAY 5, 2005 Pregnant women warned of danger in Ontario rubella outbreak http://www.cbc.ca/story/canada/national/2005/05/09/rubellaoutbreak0509.html

CBCCat = "Sports,News,Arts,Kids,Interactive"; Sports = "Hockey,Baseball,Football"; News = "Canada,World,SciTech,Local,Consumers,SpecialReports,Business"; Arts = "ArtsNews,Infoculture,Music,Books,ArtsFeatures"; Kids = "CBC4Kids,PreSchool,Teachers"; Interactive = "MessageBoards,Forums,Games,Media"; CBC is currently experiencing a labour disruption. Go to the official CBC negotiations site. View CBC's updated programming schedules. Ontario rubella outbreak includes vaccinated man Last Updated Tue, 10 May 2005 06:53:45 EDT CBC News LONDON, ONT. - The number of rubella cases in southwestern Ontario continues to grow, including a 32-year-old man in London, Ont., who was vaccinated as a child. There are also fears the outbreak could spread and threaten the fetuses of unvaccinated pregnant women. INDEPTH: Vaccination On Monday, 121 people were confirmed as infected in an area centred around Norwich, about 40 kilometres east of London. Across the country, there are about 30 cases of rubella each year. The 32-year-old man is from Norwich, but attends a private college in London.

102. Institute Of Child Health The National Congenital rubella Surveillance Programme (NCRSP) was established in The continuing control of congenital rubella depends on high uptake of http://www.ich.ucl.ac.uk/ich/html/academicunits/paed_epid/ncrsp.htm

About us Job vacancies Research themes ... Contact Details Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (part of the Population Health Sciences theme) Research Background Table Staff Funding ... Links National Congenital Rubella Surveillance Programme Background The National Congenital Rubella Surveillance Programme (NCRSP) was established in 1971 to monitor the impact of rubella immunisation on congenital rubella. Before rubella vaccine became available, an estimated 200-300 babies were born with congenital rubella syndrome every year in the UK, and many more in epidemic years which occurred every 5 years or so. Most affected infants were deaf, and some had multiple problems, including damage to the eye and heart. Selective immunisation was introduced in 1970 for all schoolgirls and for susceptible adult women. Since 1988 the MMR (measles/mumps/rubella) vaccine has been offered to all children in the second year of life; the schoolgirl immunisation programme has now ceased. Confirmed and suspected cases of congenital infection are reported to the NCRSP by a variety of sources, and since 1990 there has been active surveillance through the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit, the national reporting scheme of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. The drop in the number of congenital rubella births, and also in terminations carried out because of rubella infection in pregnancy, has been dramatic (

103. Rubella (German Measles) Detailed information on rubella, including symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/uvahealth/peds_infectious/rubella.cfm

[ Skip Navigation ] Health System Home For Health Answers Healthcare Professionals ... Advanced Search Health System Search Search for Information People UVa Home Health System News Health System Events (all) Health System Publications ... Making a Gift Topics Adolescent Medicine Allergy/Asthma/Immunology Blood Disorders Burns Cancer Common Injuries/Poison Tips Craniofacial Anomalies Dermatology Diabetes/Endo/Metabolism Eye Care Genitourinary/Kidney High-Risk Newborn High-Risk Pregnancy Infectious Diseases Medical Genetics Mental Health Nervous System Disorders Normal Newborns Oral Health Orthopaedics Pediatric Surgery Respiratory Disorders Terminal Illness in Children Transplantation UVa Health Topics A to Z FIND A DOCTOR Adoption Pediatric Infectious Diseases Pediatric Neuropsychology ... CLINICAL TRIALS Search This Site Rubella (German Measles) What is rubella (German measles)? Rubella is a viral illness that results in a viral exanthem. Exanthem is another name for a rash or skin eruption. It is spread from one child to another through direct contact with discharge from the nose and throat. Warning Pregnant women who have been exposed to rubella need to seek medical attention immediately.

104. Virtual Naval Hospital: Put Prevention Into Practice: Clinician's Handbook Of Pr The incidence of rubella has decreased markedly since the rubella vaccine was However, in the adult population, rubella continues to be a concern for http://www.vnh.org/PreventionPractice/ch51.html

Put Prevention Into Practice: Clinician's Handbook of Preventive Services, 2nd Edition: Adults and Older Adults Immunization/Prophylaxis Chapter 51. Rubella U.S. Department Of Health And Human Services Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed The incidence of rubella has decreased markedly since the rubella vaccine was introduced in 1969. However, in the adult population, rubella continues to be a concern for nonimmunized women of child-bearing age. When rubella is contracted during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester, it can result in miscarriage, stillbirth, or the development of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). CRS develops in an estimated 85% of infants born to women who acquire rubella during the first trimester of pregnancy. The most frequently occurring clinical manifestations of CRS are deafness, low birth weight, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, ocular defects, psychomotor retardation, congenital heart disease, and petechiae. In 1995, approximately 128 cases of rubella and 6 cases of CRS were reported. Rubella vaccine is approximately 95% effective at conferring immunity, which is probably lifelong. Screening and subsequent immunization of susceptible women of childbearing age have been shown to decrease the incidence of CRS.

105. Rubella (German Measles) - Blue Book: IDEAS - Victorian Government Health Inform Guidelines for the control of rubella. rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (Group B disease) must be notified in writing within five days of http://www.health.vic.gov.au/ideas/bluebook/rubella.htm

Search Health home IDEAS home Blue book ... Contacts Rubella (German measles) Page content: Victorian statutory requirement Infectious agent Identification Incubation period ... Outbreak measure Victorian statutory requirement Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (Group B disease) must be notified in writing within five days of diagnosis. School exclusion: excluded until fully recovered or at least four days after the onset of the rash. Infectious agent Rubella virus of the Togaviridae family is the infective agent. Identification Clinical features Rubella is a mild febrile viral illness characterised by a diffuse punctate and maculopapular rash. Children usually experience few or no constitutional symptoms but adults may experience a one to five day prodrome of low-grade fever, headache, malaise, mild coryza and conjunctivitis. Postauricular, occipital and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy is common and precedes the rash by five to ten days. Complications include arthralgia and less commonly arthritis, particularly among adult females. Encephalitis is a rare complication.

106. NVIC - Lawyer Referral ADULT rubella. Thomas P. Gallagher Gallagher and Gallagher 822 Shore Road Somers Point, NJ 08244 Telephone 609926-6450 Fax 609-926-6455 http://nvic.org/lawyer/AdultRubella.htm

Civilian Vaccine Reaction Military Vaccine Reaction Harassed For Your Views? Measles/MMR Vaccine and Autism Survey ... Exemptions STAY INFORMED FREE E-NEWS MAKE A DIFFERENCE BECOME A MEMBER VACCINE NEWS OF THE WEEK HEALTH TALK CALENDAR ISSUES VACCINATION DECISIONS STATE INFORMATION HOMELAND SECURITY VACCINE ADVERSE EVENTS REPORTING SYSTEM (VAERS) ... WHOOPING COUGH ARTICLES FIRST DO NO HARM VACCINATION NATION: GANNET NEWS SERVICE SERIES SHOTS IN THE DARK ARTICLE IN NEXT CITY MAGAZINE AWARDS RECEIVED United Way of the National Capital Area and Combined Federal Campaign NVIC Law Firm Directory The National Vaccine Information Center is a non-profit educational organization dedicated to educating parents and the general public about childhood diseases and vaccinations in order to prevent vaccine deaths and injuries. As part of our responsibility to adults and parents of vaccine damaged children, we have prepared this Law Firm Directory. This directory has been compiled to assist you in choosing an attorney to help evaluate your situation and help determine if you have grounds for a lawsuit or compensation claim under the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Program. We have attempted to provide you with a starting point. We realize that when a family is considering legal action they need to find a lawyer who recognizes that a vaccine can cause a permanent injury or death. Most of the attorneys in this Directory have experience in the vaccine injury field and have developed valuable expertise in this area. Some more than others.

107. RUBELLA The Chronic rubella Viremia Support Group is a group of over 200 health care professionals who submitted to rubella vaccination and ended up with chronic http://www.whale.to/vaccines/rubella3.html

Rubella Vaccine litigation Quotes Rubella vaccine citations Articles ... Rubella risk The Chronic Rubella Viremia Support Group, South 20655 Brown Rd., Cataldo ID 83810, (208) 689-3925... The Chronic Rubella Viremia Support Group is a group of over 200 health care professionals who submitted to rubella vaccination and ended up with chronic debilitating symptoms attributable to rubella vaccine. The founder of the group, Katy Fox, RN, suspects that many other health professionals were adversely affected by the rubella vaccine. When 20/20 did a story on the subject, she says, over 600 people responded. Scandals - Does rubella vaccination prevent congenital rubella syndrome? by Sandy Mintz http://www.vaccinationnews.com/Scandals/July_17_02/Scandal25.htm

108. RUBELLA By Hilary Butler rubella virus is highly sensitive to heat, to extremes of pH and to a Before vaccination campaigns, rubella tended to appear in epidemics of 3 – 4 year http://www.whale.to/m/butler1.html

RUBELLA By Hilary Butler Rubella virus is a moderately large single-stranded RNA virus classified in the family Togavirus, although its laboratory behaviour is more like that of the paramyxoviruses. Rubella virus is highly sensitive to heat, to extremes of pH and to a variety of chemical agents. The virus affects humans exclusively, in whom it causes two disease presentations: a benign exanthem (rash) in children 5 to 9 years old (pre-vaccine era), and a potentially devastating congenital infection if a pregnant woman has clinical symptoms in the first three months of pregnancy. "There appears to have been a slight upward shift in the age-specific incidence of rubella." (Paediatrics, vol. 55 no. 1 Jan 1975.) The current assessment of risk of congenital malformations after rubella infection in pregnancy is confusing. On the one hand, Krugman (p. 412) says: "30 – 50% during the first four weeks of gestation. 25% in the fifth to eighth week; 8% in the ninth to twelfth week. A slight risk of deafness during the thirteenth to sixteenth week. Overall risk of malformations in the first trimester is approximately 20%." And on the other hand, Carlos Abramowsky (1997) states:

109. Rubella rubella rueBELL-uh is a mild but very contagious viral illness. Other names for rubella are German measles and three-day measles. http://www.earthtym.net/ref-rubella.htm

Rubella http://www.pediatriconcall.com/forpatients/HomeRemedies/Rubella.asp TREATMENT OF RUBELLA Boil a few neem leaves for half an hour. Drain this neem water. Wash the face with neem water. Dab the skin with a clean cloth. Do not scrub the face. http://www.astdhpphe.org/infect/rubella.html FACTSHEET Rubella [rue-BELL-uh] is a mild but very contagious viral illness. Other names for rubella are German measles and three-day measles. Rubella is dangerous because of its ability to harm unborn babies. Infection in a pregnant woman can result in miscarriage, stillbirth, or serious birth defects. People get rubella by breathing in droplets that get into the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Rubella can also spread by direct contact with fluids from the nose or throat of an infected person. ... SYMPTOMS About half of people infected with rubella virus get a rash that looks like small, fine pink spots. The rash first appears on the face and progresses from head to foot, lasting about 3 days. Children usually develop few or no other symptoms. Adults can have mild fever, headache, reddened eyes, swollen glands behind the ears, tiredness, and joint pain. An infected person can spread the disease for as many as 5 days before the rash appears to 7 days after.

110. Rubella Immunisation - Patient UK rubella (german measles) is usually a mild illness. However, it can cause serious damage to the unborn child of a pregnant woman. rubella immunisation is http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc/23068816/

Rubella Immunisation Rubella (german measles) is usually a mild illness. However, it can cause serious damage to the unborn child of a pregnant woman. Rubella immunisation is routinely given to children (as part of the MMR vaccine). Woman should have a blood test to check if they are immune to rubella before their first pregnancy. The immunisation Before 1995, all girls aged 10-14 in the UK were offered immunisation to protect them against rubella during any future pregnancies. Since 1995, rubella immunisation has been offered to all children, both male and female. The rubella vaccine used for immunisation is combined with the measles and mumps vaccines (the MMR vaccine). Children are given the MMR vaccine at about the age of 13 months, with a booster dose given about three years later (before school entry). The aim is to eliminate the rubella virus from the whole community. Serious problems with the rubella vaccine are rare. However, mild reactions such as a slight fever, a mild sore throat, and joint pains sometimes occur about 1-3 weeks after the injection. These soon subside and are of no consequence. Before you become pregnant Even if you have had a rubella immunisation, or have had rubella (german measles), there is still a small chance that your body has not made enough antibodies against the rubella virus to protect you. The only way to check whether the immunisation has worked is to have a blood test. This checks for rubella antibodies. Because the congenital rubella syndrome is so important to avoid, if you are thinking about becoming pregnant for the first time you should have a blood test to check that you are protected.

111. The Wistar Institute :: Rubella Vaccine The RA 27/3 strain of rubella virus was developed at The Wistar Institute.......rubella Vaccine. Inventor Stanley Plotkin. Tech ID PS111. http://www.wistar.org/tech_transfer/technologies/rubellatech28.htm

Overview Licensing Opportunities Technologies Research Tools ... Contact Us Rubella Vaccine Inventor: Stanley Plotkin Tech ID: PS-111 Description: The RA 27/3 strain of rubella virus was developed at The Wistar Institute. The seed stock from RA 27/3 has been successfully used worldwide since the 1970's as a vaccine for the prevention of rubella infection. This vaccine has been administered alone and as part of a combination vaccine (e.g. MMR; measles, mumps, rubella vaccine). The Wistar Institute has maintained seed stocks of the RA/ 27/3 strain of rubella for use in production of vaccines. These vaccines have been licensed to regional public health agencies and to for-profit companies who are developing vaccines for local distribution, particularly in Asia and South America. Key Words: Vaccine, rubella Applications and Advantages: The RA 27/3 seed stock may be used for development of vaccines that may be available at a lower cost than those vaccines produced by the major pharmaceutical companies.

112. Rubella Vaccine The attenuated rubella vaccine is currently used in most clinical settings. The rubella vaccine has equal responses when administered alone or in http://www.brown.edu/Courses/Bio_160/Projects2000/MMR/mmrrubella_vaccine.htm

Home Introduction Community Health Measles Vaccine ... Mumps Vaccine Rubella Vaccine Rubella Vaccine S trategies for rubella immunization have resulted in an inactivated as well as an attenuated vaccine. The inactivated virus, though its efficacy is for long-term immunization is doubtful, involves sequencing of the E1 protein (a surface protein of the rubella virus) and then producing it in quantity in baculouvirus vectors. Neutralizing antibodies have been produced towards epitopes in the E1 protein, which result in a degree of immunogenicity towards the virus. Synthetic peptides have also had similar results. T he attenuated rubella vaccine is currently used in most clinical settings. The RA27/3 human diploid fibroblast vaccine is the most widely used rubella vaccine throughout the world. This strain is most favored due to its low rate of side effects, consistent immunogenicity, and induction of resistance to reinfection. Preparation of RA27/3 involved the attenuation of the virus by passage through the use of cold adaptation. Sequencing of RA27/3 showed that only 31 amino acids were altered in the attenuation of the virus. Thus, the virus was weakened enough to prevent its virulence. However, the few number of passages that were necessary to attenuate the virus enabled it to maintain a high level of immunogenicity. Back to Top Dosage and Vaccine Failure T he rubella vaccine is administered subcutaneously. Efforts at administering the vaccine intra-nasally have proved ineffective with doses below 10,000 plaque-forming units (PFU) of virus. Meanwhile, subcutaneously immunization only requires 1,000 PFUs and shows similar humoral antibody and slightly reduced secretory antibody production as the intra-nasal route.

113. Case University Health Service - Rubella rubella is a virus that is very dangerous to the developing baby in pregnant women. If a woman gets rubella while she is pregnant, she could have a http://studentaffairs.case.edu/health/immunizations/rubella.html

CASE.EDU: HOME DIRECTORIES SEARCH UNIVERSITY HEALTH SERVICE Home Staff Directory Services for Students Basic First Aid ... Needle Stick Injuries Resources Medical Forms Immunizations Sexual Health Birth Control ... Links SITE SEARCH: SEARCH Rubella Rubella is a virus that is very dangerous to the developing baby in pregnant women. If a woman gets rubella while she is pregnant, she could have a miscarriage or her baby may be born with serious birth defects. Rubella is spread from person to person through airborne droplets. Symptoms Rash Mild fever Joint pain Rubella Vaccine Rubella is one component of the MMR vaccine Department Home Contact Information Staff Directory ... healthservice@case.edu

114. Combined Measles And Rubella Vaccine OK D For Use From Sept At present, children have to take measles and rubella vaccines separately. Measles and rubella are infectious diseases that mostly affect children. http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/features/science/20050731TDY02013.htm

115. Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine And Autistic Spectrum Disorder: Report From The Ne Separate administration of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines to children rubella vaccine alone or in combination MMR vaccine, when administered after http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/107/5/e84

QUICK SEARCH: [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year: Vol: Page: This Article Abstract Full Text (PDF) P ... Citation Map Services E-mail this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal ... Cited by other online articles PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Halsey, N. A. Articles by the Conference Writing Panel, Related Collections Related AAP Red Book topics: Measles Rubella PEDIATRICS Vol. 107 No. 5 May 2001, p. e84 ELECTRONIC ARTICLE: Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine and Autistic Spectrum Disorder: Report From the New Challenges in Childhood Immunizations Conference Convened in Oak Brook, Illinois, June 12-13, 2000 Neal A. Halsey, MD Susan L. Hyman, MD and the Conference Writing Panel ABSTRACT Top Abstract Conclusion References Background. Parents and physicians are understandably concerned about the causes and treatment of autism, a devastating disease that affects the entire family. Although much has been learned about autism, there are many gaps in our knowledge about what causes the disorder and how it can be prevented. Autistic symptoms occur along a spectrum

116. HKNC Congenital Rubella Syndrome Resources Congenital rubella Syndrome (CRS). updates last modified 06/29/2005. THIS IS THE MAIN PAGE IN CONGENITAL rubella SYNDROME (CRS) IN WHO WE SERVE http://www.hknc.org/Rubella.htm

Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) updates: last modified THIS IS THE MAIN PAGE IN "CONGENITAL RUBELLA SYNDROME (CRS)" IN "WHO WE SERVE" (Go to: Page Menu) Between 1964 and 1965, there was a worldwide epidemic of rubella, also known as German measles. Pregnant women who contracted rubella in the first trimester of their pregnancy could pass the rubella virus to their developing fetus, causing the child to be born deaf, blind, with cardiac problems, developmental delays and other medical conditions. In the United States alone, approximately 20,000 children were born with two or more of these symptoms, which came to be known as congenital rubella syndrome, or CRS. Several thousand of these children were reported to be deaf-blind. Although in March, 2005, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced that rubella has been virtually eradicated in the United States, the World Health Organization reports that approximately 100,000 children with CRS continue to be born worldwide every year. Agencies in the U.S. and abroad continue to struggle to provide appropriate medical and programmatic services to these children and adults. The Helen Keller National Center recognizes the challenges and accomplishments of individuals born deaf-blind due to CRS. In March, 2005, we hosted an international symposium on congenital rubella. For more information about this landmark event

117. THE MERCK MANUAL--SECOND HOME EDITION, Rubella In Ch. 273, Viral Infections A person who has had rubella develops immunity and cannot contract it again. Most children with rubella recover fully without treatment. http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec23/ch273/ch273k.html

var externalLinkWarning = "The link you have selected will take you to a site outside Merck and The Merck Manuals.*n*nThe Merck Manuals do not review or control the content of any non-Merck site. The Merck Manuals do not endorse and are not responsible for the accuracy, content, practices, or standards of any non-Merck sources."; Search The Second Home Edition , Online Version Search Index A B C D ... Z Sections Accidents and Injuries Blood Disorders Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders ... Women's Health Issues Resources Anatomical Drawings Multimedia Pronunciations Weights and Measures ... , Online Version Section Children's Health Issues Chapter Viral Infections Topics Introduction Central Nervous System Infections Chickenpox Erythema Infectiosum ... Roseola Infantum Rubella Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis Rubella Buy The Book Print This Topic Email This Topic Pronunciations arthritis encephalitis otitis media roseola infantum Rubella (German measles, 3-day measles) is a contagious viral infection that produces mild symptoms, such as joint pain and a rash. Rubella is a typically mild childhood infection that may, however, have devastating consequences for infants infected prior to birth. A woman infected during the first 16 weeks (particularly the first 8 to 10 weeks) of pregnancy often passes the infection to the fetus. This fetal infection causes miscarriage, stillbirth, or severe birth defects (see

118. Sense - UK Deafblind Charity The national (UK) voluntary organization working with and supporting people of all ages who are deafblind or have associated disabilities. http://www.sense.org.uk/

Skip navigation Viewing Options Sign In Search this site Home About deafblindness About Sense Publications ... Working with deafblind people What's New? Sense’s library catalogue goes online New research claims link between smoking and sight loss Welcome to Sense Sense is the UK's leading organisation for people who are deafblind or have associated disabilities. A huge thank you Congratulations and a massive thank you to everyone who took part in the Hydro Active Women’s Challenge on Sunday. Click here to find out more or to sign up for next year Ways to help Join us Sense - UK Deafblind Charity Contact us Accessibility Site Map ... Privacy Site by Cubik

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