81. Oregon Seal Text-Only Site State Directory Agencies AZ rubella is a viral disease characterized by slight fever, rash and swollen glands. Most cases are mild. Childhood immunization is recommended. http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/acd/diseases/rubella/rubella.shtml

Text-Only Site State Directory Agencies A-Z Accessibility ... Diseases A-Z Rubella (German measles) Rubella info Rubella home Rubella statistics On this page More info/links Reporting Statistics Rubella is a viral disease characterized by slight fever, rash and swollen glands. Most cases are mild. Childhood immunization is recommended. More info/links The New York State Health Department fact sheet answers some common questions about rubella. CDC Vaccine Information Statements (english only) CDC Vaccine Information Statements in other languages from the Immunization Action Coalition Information on Vacccines Disease reporting Health care providers and clinical laboratories are required to report cases and suspect cases of Rubella to local health departments within 24 hours of identification and of congenital rubella syndrome within one week. On weekends and holidays, call 503/731-4030 to reach the state health department doctor on call. Cases are subject to restriction on school attendance, day-care attendance, and patient care while in the communicable stage of the disease. If sufficient measures have been taken to prevent transmission, or the disease is no longer communicable, worksite, child-care and school restrictions can be removed by the local public health authority.

82. Gambling With Rubella Vaccine Gambling with rubella Vaccine how John Major s government saved costs. Yet the need for the girls to be vaccinated for rubella last November was http://inquirer.gn.apc.org/rubella2.html

Gambling with Rubella Vaccine - how John Major's government saved costs. By Janine Roberts - Government scientist Dr Elizabeth Miller recommended the Measles and Rubella campaign (MR) in November 1994 when 8 million English children were jabbed campaign as helping "the interruption of rubella transmission in the United Kingdom. The Chief Medical Officer on 27th September 1994 advised doctors and nurses not to pass on the manufacturer's warning that it was dangerous to be pregnant near the time of vaccination to the 1 million teenage girls being vaccinated. He stated: "We do not believe there is justification for counseling all girls to avoid pregnancy for one month following immunisation'. He also recommended that girls not be asked when was their last period and that information on the risk of vaccination to pregnancy be only to be made available to girls that asked SmithKline Beecham, gives the following warning in bold print on the leaflet it supplied last year with the vaccine to the Department of Health: "Never give to pregnant women, or women of child-bearing age not fully aware of the need to avoid pregnancy for one month after vaccination." This is the only warning so stressed by the company. A spokesman for the company said that they were aware the Department had deleted the warning, but "we are keeping the warning in place. We prefer in such cases to deal directly with the physician and make a best judgment on a case by case basis." Dawn Corrigan is the mother of a 1 year old son, George, who came down with ITP last December. She reports: "On Christmas Day, 10 days after he had the MMR, I found his nappy full of blood. His nose then started bleeding. The roof of his mouth was dark mauve. His skin was covered in spots. It was really frightening. He was 2 weeks in hospital and still is not fully recovered."

83. BBC - Health - Conditions - Rubella The facts about rubella. rubella is a viral infection also known as German measles. It used to be very common among children, but is much rarer now the http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/conditions/rubella2.shtml

@import url('/includes/tbenh.css') ; Home TV Radio Talk ... A-Z Index FRIDAY 9th September 2005 Text only BBC Homepage Lifestyle Health ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! Rubella Dr Trisha Macnair Rubella is a viral infection also known as German measles. It used to be very common among children, but is much rarer now the MMR vaccine is routine. In this article What are the symptoms? How is it diagnosed and treated? Further help Rubella is caused by a virus that is spread by droplets inhaled into the respiratory tract. It causes a mild illness in children, but if a woman contracts rubella during pregnancy it can endanger her unborn child. What are the symptoms? The incubation period (from exposure to onset of symptoms) is 14 to 24 days. There may initially be a mild fever, but the body temperature may be normal and the first symptom to be noticed may be the rash. The rash usually appears on the face and then spreads outwards across the whole body. It is a fine, red rash that doesn't usually itch children, although it may be itchy for adults and last three to five days. Symptoms also frequently include swollen tender lymph nodes (glands) around a child's neck, armpits and groin, and some children complain of joint pains. Complications are rare, but can include arthritis (inflammation of the joints), encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), myocarditis (inflammation of the heart) and thrombocytopenia (a problem with platelets in the blood, which are the tiny cells involved in clotting).

84. DermIS / Main Menu / DOIA / Rubella / Images rubella / images. images for the diagnosis rubella . Click to enlarge. Quick Survey. sitesearch. Feedback. © 2002 by DermIS Dermatology Information http://dermis.multimedica.de/doia/diagnose.asp?zugr=d&lang=e&diagnr=56900&topic=

85. Nat'l Academies Press: Adverse Effects Of Pertussis And Rubella Vaccines The relation of rubella vaccines to arthritis, various neuropathies, and thrombocytopenic purpura. The volume, which includes a description of the http://books.nap.edu/catalog/1815.html

Read more than 3,000 books online FREE! More than 900 PDFs now available for sale HOME ABOUT NAP CONTACT NAP HELP ... ORDERING INFO Items in cart [0] TRY OUR SPECIAL DISCOVERY ENGINE Questions? Call 888-624-8373 Read it Online - FREE! SEARCH THIS BOOK Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines Christopher P. Howson, Cynthia J. Howe, and Harvey V. Fineberg, Editors;Committee to Review the Adverse Consequences of Pertussis and RubellaVaccines, Institute of Medicine 382 pages, 6 x 9, 1991 Purchase Options Web prices are provided only for orders placed online Online Orders 10% Off HARDBACK Reg: Web: isbn_elements.push('0309044995'); NEW! Purchase PDFs PDF BOOK [4.9 MB] isbn_elements.push('0-309-55597-3'); Show ISBNs About PDF Download Sample PDF Speed Related Links: Institute of Medicine (IOM) More Titles from IOM Related Titles Find More Like ... Dashboard NEW! Description Parents have come to depend on vaccines to protect their children from a variety of diseases. Some evidence suggests, however, that vaccination against pertussis (whooping cough) and rubella (German measles) is, in a small number of cases, associated with increased risk of serious illness. This book examines the controversy over the evidence and offers a comprehensively documented assessment of the risk of illness following immunization with vaccines against pertussis and rubella. Based on extensive review of the evidence from epidemiologic studies, case histories, studies in animals, and other sources of information, the book examines:

86. Screening: Rubella rubella. US Preventive Services Task Force 1996. Recommendation. Routine screening for rubella susceptibility by history of vaccination or by serology is http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsrubl.htm

Screening Rubella U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Routine screening for rubella susceptibility by history of vaccination or by serology is recommended for all women of childbearing age at their first clinical encounter. Susceptible nonpregnant women should be offered rubella vaccination; susceptible pregnant women should be vaccinated immediately after delivery. An equally acceptable alternative for nonpregnant women of childbearing age is to offer vaccination against rubella without screening. There is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against screening or routine vaccination of young men in settings where large numbers of susceptible young adults of both sexes congregate, such as military bases and colleges. Routine screening or vaccination of other young men, of older men, and of postmenopausal women is not recommended. Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, 2nd Edition Screening for Rubella, Including Immunization of Adolescents and Adults PDF File , 87 KB) Return to Quick Menu: Topic Index Return to USPSTF Home Page

87. DermIS / Main Menu / DOIA / Rubella / Images rubella / images. New Version of DermIS 2005 Take part in our exclusive poll! images for the diagnosis rubella . Click to enlarge. http://www.dermis.net/doia/diagnose.asp?zugr=d&lang=e&diagnr=056900&topic=t

88. NNii. Vaccine Information rubella in expectant women often leads to congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) Before a vaccine was available, there was a rubella outbreak in the US (1963 http://www.immunizationinfo.org/vaccineInfo/vaccine_detail.cfv?id=24

89. Metabolic Teratogens Page In utero infection with rubella may result in glaucoma, microphthalmia, cataracts, Together, these malformations constitute congenital rubella syndrome. http://teratology.org/jfs/Metabolic.html

Metabolic Teratogens The TORCH complex is a group of similar malformations induced by microbial teratogens. These organisms are Toxoplasma Rubella Cytomeglovirus Herpes simplex virus and Others such as syphilis , etc. These microbes affect 1-5% of all live births and are among the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. General symptoms include premature birth, growth retardation, neurological abnormalities, damage of the eye, liver, heart and ear as well as bone lesions. Microcephaly, hydrocephaly, seizures and psychomotor retardation accompany these malformations. Toxoplasma Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite which is able to cross the placenta. Fetal infection may result in hydrocephaly, microphthalmia, chorioretinitis, brain lesions and multiple organ damage and dysfunction. Twenty-five percent of reproductive age women have antibodies against toxoplasma yet fetal infection occurs only in 0.1% of all live births (approximately 1 in 4,000 pregnancies). The severity of fetal damage directly relates to time of exposure to the teratogen. If a mother is infected in the first trimester, 15-20% of infected fetuses acquire severe manifestations. Second trimester maternal infection yields 25-30% of infected newborns with severe malformation. Third trimester infection results in 60% of infected newborns with severe malformation, 90% of which will be asymptomatic at birth. Syphilis Untreated maternal syphilis results in fetal infection 75-90% of the time. Several hundred children are born each year with syphilis; seventy-five percent of them are asymptomatic at birth.

90. Rubella 1 rubella liars tell us it is harmless. rubella. rubella Congenital rubella with hemorrhagic lesions in the skin. Image from Visual Red Book on CD-ROM http://www.ratbags.com/rsoles/vaxliars/rubella1.htm

****JavaScript based drop down DHTML menu generated by NavStudio. (OpenCube Inc. - http://www.opencube.com)**** //Document Level Menu Settings cddcodebase = "../menus/" cddcodebase208640 = "../menus/" cddactivate_onclick = false cddshowhide_delay = 50 cddurl_target = "_self" cddurl_features = "resizable=1, scrollbars=1, titlebar=1, menubar=1, toolbar=1, location=1, status=1, directories=1, channelmode=0, fullscreen=0" cdddisplay_urls_in_status_bar = false cdddefault_cursor = "hand" Home Anti-vaccination Liars A collection of pictures Rubella - liars tell us it is harmless RUBELLA Congenital rubella with hemorrhagic lesions in the skin. Image from: Visual Red Book on CD-ROM (2000 Red Book: 25th Edition, Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases) Thank you to the American Academy of Pediatrics Page last updated on February 09, 2005 Back to The Millenium Project Email the rsemail("Proctologist")

91. Rubella rubella. John L. Bezzant,MD The patient may or may not have a viral syndrome, but quite often develops postauricular and suboccipital lymph node enlargement http://medlib.med.utah.edu/kw/derm/pages/in22_15.htm

Dermatology Infections: ViralTreatment Rubella John L. Bezzant,M.D. The patient may or may not have a viral syndrome, but quite often develops postauricular and suboccipital lymph node enlargement. The red macules and papules of the eruption start at the forehead, and then continue to erupt in a downward direction. The eruption generally clears starting from the forehead and the eruption usually only lasts about three days.

92. Rubella rubella is also called German measles or 3day measles. Young adults who get rubella may get swollen glands in the back of the neck and some pain, http://www.ecbt.org/rubella.htm

Rubella (German Measles) The Disease Rubella is also called German measles or 3-day measles. When children get it, it is usually a mild disease. Rubella also strikes adults, and outbreaks can occur among teenagers and young adults who have not been immunized. Rubella usually occurs in the winter and spring and spreads very easily. People catch it through contact with other people who are infected. It is spread through coughing, sneezing, or talking. Usually rubella causes a slight fever which lasts for about 24 hours, and a rash on the face and neck that lasts two or three days. Young adults who get rubella may get swollen glands in the back of the neck and some pain, swelling, or stiffness in their joints (arthritis). Most people recover quickly and completely from rubella. However, the greatest danger from rubella is not to children or adults, but to unborn babies. If a woman gets rubella in the early months of her pregnancy, her chance of giving birth to a deformed baby may be as high as 80%. These babies may be born deaf or blind. They may have damaged hearts or unusually small brains. Many are mentally retarded. Miscarriages are also common among women who get rubella while they are pregnant. The last big rubella epidemic was in 1964. As a result of that epidemic about 20,000 babies were born with severe birth defects.

93. Rubella rubella can be especially dangerous to pregnant women, who may transfer The rubella vaccine is part of the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine http://www.idph.state.il.us/public/hb/hbrubella.htm

RUBELLA What is rubella? How common is rubella? Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome, a condition that affects newborn infants when the mother transfers rubella to the baby, became nationally reportable diseases in 1966. Prior to this, epidemics were occurring every six to nine years. Following vaccine licensure in 1969, no further large epidemics have occurred, and the number of U.S. cases has dropped annually from 58 per 100,000 in the pre-vaccine era to 0.5 per 100,000 by 1983. Since 1994, the disease has occurred predominately among persons 20 to 39 years old; most of these persons were born outside the U.S. in areas where rubella vaccine is not routinely given. The decrease in rubella cases has paralleled s increased efforts to vaccinate susceptible adolescents and young adults, especially women. Outbreaks continue to occur among groups of susceptible persons who congregate in locations that increase their exposure, such as workplaces, and among persons with religious and philosophic exemption to vaccination. Several recent outbreaks have occurred among Hispanic persons. In fact, in 1996, two-thirds of reported cases were among Hispanics. What are the symptoms of rubella?

94. Subclinical Rubella Disease Among The Vaccinated In order to improve the prevention of cases of congenital rubella syndrome in The In order to compare the predicted impact of the rubella vaccination http://www.vaccinationnews.com/Scandals/july_17_02/subclinical_rubella_vaxed.htm

95. Rubella Virus rubella virus has many properties which are unique among the Togaviruses, rubella virus can also act as a teratogen, inducing Congenital rubella http://www.stanford.edu/group/virus/toga/2000/c.html

Rubella Virus Rubella virus has many properties which are unique among the Togaviruses, which is the reasoning behind its classification within its own genus: Rubivirinae. It is the only Togavirus known to be transmitted via the respiratory route, and the disease with which it is associated, Rubella or "German Measles" was once ubiquitous in human populations. Rubella virus can also act as a teratogen, inducing Congenital Rubella Syndrome when spread from mother to fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy. Rubella in the Child and Adult: Incubation: 2-3 weeks Epidemiology: Rubella virus is spread via respiratory transmission from human to human. Virus is shed in oropharyngeal secretions and is highly transmissible. In communities where vaccination is rare, spring outbreaks typically occur every few years. In these communities, children represent the largest number of cases, as adults usually acquire lifelong immunity after the primary infection. Symptoms and Outcomes: The primary symptom of Rubella virus infection is usually the appearance of fine, pink macules on the face. This rash typically spreads to the trunk and limbs and fades within 48 hours. However, in up to 1/2 of all cases, no rash may be apparent. Enlargement of postauricular, suboccipital, and posterior cervical lymph nodes is also common. In adult females, mild polyarthritis may occur. Rubella virus infection typically has no lasting effect. Rare complications of Rubella virus infection include thrombocytopenic purpura and postinfectious encephalopathy.

96. IOM Immunization Safety Review: Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine And Autism The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Health recognized the need for an independent group to carefully examine the http://www.iom.edu/view.asp?id=4715

97. The Ridgeway Surgery: Rubella And Pregnancy rubella is a type of virus infection. All children in the UK should be rubella is generally a mild illness which characteristically produces a rash. http://www.ridgeway-surgery.demon.co.uk/pregnant/rubella.htm

Rubella (German Measles) and pregnancy Rubella is a type of virus infection. All children in the UK should be immunised against Rubella shortly after their first birthday. Vaccination, unfortunately, does not always result in that individual being protected indefinitely. Rubella is generally a mild illness which characteristically produces a rash. However if a pregnant woman acquires the infection during the first half of pregnancy there is a risk that the baby in the womb may be severely affected. The vaccination can't be given to pregnant women and for this reason it is important that each time a woman plans to get pregnant she should have a blood test before she actually becomes pregnant to check that she is still protected. If not protected then she can be given the vaccination. However, if she is already pregnant then the vaccination may only be given once the pregnancy is over. If a pregnant woman is not sure if she is protected against Rubella and she is in contact with someone with a rash she should seek medical advise quickly. HOME FAQ HEALTH PROMOTION OUT OF HOURS ... CONTACT US Last updated 10 March 2000

98. Rubella Fact Sheet rubella is a viral infection that is most serious in pregnant females because rubella can affect anyone who has not had the disease or who has not been http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/communicable/Communicable/factsheets/Rubella.htm

Topics A-Z Reference Center Search AIDS-HIV ... Tuberculosis Disease Fact Sheet Series: Rubella Printable Version What is rubella? Rubella is a viral infection that is most serious in pregnant females because it can harm their unborn baby. It is also called German measles or 3-day measles. Who can get rubella? Rubella can affect anyone who has not had the disease or who has not been immunized against it. How is rubella spread? Rubella is spread through the air by coughing, sneezing or talking. What are the signs and symptoms of rubella? In children the disease usually begins with a rash. The rash appears on the face and neck. The rash lasts about 2 or 3 days. In older children and adults there may be a low-grade fever, swollen glands in the back of the neck and an upper respiratory infection (URI) before the rash begins. How soon do symptoms appear after exposure? Usually 12-23 days after the person is exposed to the rubella virus. How can a doctor confirm that an illness is rubella?

99. Rubella Virus Congenital rubella syndrome (1st trimester infection) rubella is a primarily childhood disease characterized by symptoms of a mild upper respiratory http://medinfo.ufl.edu/year2/mmid/bms5300/bugs/rubella.html

MMID Home Page Bugs Index Cases Index Rubella Virus Diseases Sites and Sources Diagnostic Factors Virulence Factors ... Commentary Classification Togaviridae - Rubivirus Structure non-seg., lin., ssRNA+, icos., env. Diseases Rubella (German measles, third disease) fever malaise headache lymphadenopathy maculopapular rash diffuse rash erythematous rash joint pain splenomegaly Congenital rubella syndrome (1st trimester infection) congenital anomalies congenital heart defect cataracts blindness deafness mental retardation Sites and Sources respiratory droplets, source transplacental, source fetus, pathogen pregnant women, pathogen Diagnostic Factors serology virus isolation Virulence Factors unknown Treatment and Prevention MMR vaccine vaccine vaccine, attenuated vaccine, live Commentary Updated: May 12, 1999 MMID Home Page Bugs Index Cases Index

100. CBC News - CBC News: Pregnant Women Warned Of Danger In Ontario Rubella Outbreak TORONTO Health officials warn that a rubella outbreak in southwestern Ontario rubella, or German measles, is considered a mild illness in children. http://www.cbc.ca/story/science/national/2005/05/05/rubella-outbreak050505.html?

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