41. Rubella, Disease Information, NCID, CDC Factsheets on the disease and its vaccine. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/submenus/sub_rubella.htm

Infectious Disease Information Contents Infectious Diseases Information Index Useful Sites Infectious Disease Information Rubella (German Measles, Three-Day Measles, Rubella Virus Infection) Rubella disease (German measles) Collection of disease and especially vaccine and vaccination information. From National Immunization Program Rubella: Guidelines List. Professional guidelines for vaccine use, treatment, outbreak management Travelers' Health Information on Rubella Information and updates on risks, precautions Top of Page NCID Home Disease Information NCID Organization ... Health Topics A-Z This page last reviewed December 4, 2003 National Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Privacy Policy Accessibility

42. Medical References: Rubella rubella (German measles) is a mild childhood illness that poses a serious threat to the fetus (unborn baby), if the mother contracts the illness during http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/681_1225.asp

View All Chapters Find Your Local Chapter September 9, 2005 Select one Folic Acid Pregnancy Prenatal Screening Infections/Diseases Loss Concerns Newborn Information Birth Defects Polio Genetics Research Funding Perinatal Statistics Medical References Continuing Education ... Prematurity Rubella Rubella (German measles) is a mild childhood illness that poses a serious threat to the fetus (unborn baby), if the mother contracts the illness during pregnancy. More than 20,000 babies were born with defects during an outbreak of rubella in 1964-65. The same outbreak also resulted in at least 10,000 miscarriages and stillbirths. Fortunately, major outbreaks of rubella no longer occur in the United States. Since 1969, when a vaccine for rubella became available, children have been routinely vaccinated, helping to prevent the spread of the illness to susceptible pregnant women. Most women of childbearing age are immune to rubella because they either were vaccinated or had the illness during childhood. Because of widespread use of the vaccine, birth defects caused by rubella have become rare. However, since small outbreaks of rubella continue to occur, the potential for susceptible pregnant women to become infected continues to exist. As many as 2 in 10 women of childbearing age are susceptible to rubella. Women can protect their future children from the effects of rubella by getting tested for immunity prior to pregnancy and being vaccinated if they are not immune.

43. Complications: Rubella rubella (German measles) is a childhood illness that can cause serious birth defects in an unborn baby. You should be tested for immunity to before becoming http://www.marchofdimes.com/pnhec/188_673.asp

View All Chapters Find Your Local Chapter September 9, 2005 Before You're Pregnant During Your Pregnancy Complications Caring for Your Baby ... [View All Articles] Rubella What you need to know: Rubella (German measles) is a mild childhood illness that can cause serious birth defects in an unborn baby. About 25 percent of babies whose mothers get rubella in the first trimester of pregnancy are born with one or more birth defects (congenital rubella syndrome) including eye defects, hearing loss, heart defects, mental retardation and, less frequently, movement disorders. With the widespread use of the rubella vaccine, major outbreaks of rubella no longer occur in the United States. Still, small outbreaks do occur. As many as 20 percent of childbearing women are susceptible to rubella infection. What you can do: There is a simple blood test that can determine if you are immune to rubella. The March of Dimes recommends that all women be tested for immunity to rubella before becoming pregnant. If you are not immune, consider being vaccinated at least 28 days before trying to get pregnant. Pregnant women are routinely tested for rubella immunity at an early prenatal visit. If a pregnant woman finds out she is not immune, she should not be vaccinated during pregnancy. All she can do is try to avoid exposure to anyone with the illness. She can also get vaccinated soon after delivery so she is immune during any future pregnancies.

44. The MMR Pages Extensive information on the MMR (Measles, Mumps and rubella) immunizations, the diseases and the vaccination programme from a general practitioner. http://black.book.users.btopenworld.com/id68.htm

var TlxPgNm='id68'; D r C a v e ' s B l a c k B o o k home Patient's pages MMR The diseases MMR vaccine Royal Free Statement Single vs multiple ... Inflammatory bowel disease MMR It is very hard to be a parent these days. We are bombarded from all sides by confusing information. All we want to do is the best for our children; but what is that? Doctors have raised the possibility that the MMR vaccine causes Autism and Inflammatory Bowel disease, others have said it doesn't. What should you do? In this site I will try and give you information about the MMR vaccine, and the diseases we are trying to prevent. I have also included a statement made by the Royal Free Hospital where the original research came from that caused the concerns and I will also cover the issue of single vaccines, and a response to "Hear the Silence" On 18th November 2004 Channel 4 Dispatches raised considerable concerns about Dr Wakefield's work. It demonstrated that one of his own researchers (Dr Chadwick) had been unable to demonstrate the measles virus in the bowel of affected children, using a technique that Dr Wakefield himself had endorsed. The programme also demonstrated that Dr Wakefield had patented several rival treatments to the measles vaccine 9 months before his press conference. Dr Wakefield did not state this conflict of interest, or that his research on autism was funded by a legal firm representing families of children with autism. The Diseases: Measles, Mumps and Rubella

45. Rubella Photos Child in profile with a malar facial rash due to rubella rubella rash (face) in a previously unimmunized young woman http://www.vaccineinformation.org/rubella/photos.asp

From the Immunization Action Coalition Vaccine Information for the public and health professionals Rubella Photos Home Search Diseases / Vaccines Anthrax Chickenpox Diphtheria Hepatitis A ... "Unprotected People" Photos Online Video Clips Official Information State Information ... Click here to obtain the free Adobe Acrobat Reader, necessary for reading PDF files on this site. (click on image) (click on image) (click on image) (click on image) Warning Some of these photos are quite graphic. Teenager has rash on face from rubella www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/rubeiac001.jpg Larger image: www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/rubeiac001a.jpg Largest image: www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/rubeiac001b.jpg Courtesy of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Infant with congenital rubella syndrome www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/rubeiac002.jpg Larger image: www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/rubeiac002a.jpg Largest image: www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/rubeiac002b.jpg

46. Panel Finds No Credible Link Between Vaccines, Autism The Institute of Medicine, an influential adviser of the government on scientific matters, said yesterday there is no credible evidence that either the measlesmumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine or vaccines containing the preservative thimerosal cause autism. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/health/2001932907_autism19.html

47. Rubella Questions And Answers rubella is usually a mild disease in children; adults tend to have more The main concern with rubella disease, however, is the effect it has on an http://www.vaccineinformation.org/rubella/qandadis.asp

From the Immunization Action Coalition Vaccine Information for the public and health professionals Rubella Home Search Diseases / Vaccines Anthrax Chickenpox Diphtheria Hepatitis A ... "Unprotected People" Photos Online Video Clips Official Information State Information ... Click here to obtain the free Adobe Acrobat Reader, necessary for reading PDF files on this site. (click on image) (click on image) (click on image) (click on image) What causes rubella? Rubella is caused by a virus. How does rubella spread? Rubella spreads person to person through the air. It is moderately contagious. How long does it take to show signs of rubella after being exposed? The incubation period varies from 12 to 23 days. Symptoms are often mild and may be inapparent or missed 30%-50% of the time. What are the symptoms of rubella? Children with rubella usually first break out in a rash, which starts on the face and progresses down the body. Older children and adults usually first suffer from low-grade fever, swollen glands in the neck or behind the ears, and upper respiratory infection before they develop a rash. Adult women often develop pain and stiffness in their finger, wrist, and knee joints, which may last up to a month. Up to half of people infected with rubella virus have no symptoms at all. How serious is rubella?

48. Rubella Information Immunization Safety Review MeaslesMumps-rubella Vaccine and Autism Should My Child Receive the Measles, Mumps, and rubella Vaccines Individually http://www.immunize.org/rubella/

Rubella Information Home page Table of Contents These links move down to sections of this page: Recommendations Resources These links move to other pages: Journal Articles Photos State Laws Case Histories ... Return to top Recommendations Recommended Childhood Immunization Schedule Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention www.cdc.gov/nip/recs/child-schedule.htm Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention www.cdc.gov/nip/recs/adult-schedule.htm Notice to Readers: Resumption of Routine Schedule for Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine and for Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine Source: MMWR, July 12, 2002, Vol. 51(27):598-9 www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5127a5.htm General Recommendations on Immunization: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) Source: MMWR, February 8, 2002, Vol. 51(RR02):1-36

49. Child And Youth Health Rubella Learn what it is, how it spreads, signs and symptoms, health problems, and immunisations. http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetails.aspx?p=243&np=292&id=

50. Immunization Action Coalition - Rubella 2 Congenital rubella syndrome Image 18. Congenital rubella. Click here for a larger image size. Click here for the largest image size. http://www.immunize.org/images/ca.d/ipcd1861/img0018.htm

51. Rubella - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Family, Togaviridae. Genus, Rubivirus. Species, rubella virus. rubella (also known as epidemic roseola, German measles or threeday measles) is a disease http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubella

You did it! Over US$240,000 was donated in the 21 day fund drive. Thank you for your generosity! You are still welcome to make a donation or purchase Wikimedia merchandise Rubella From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Rubella virus Virus classification Group: Group IV (+)ssRNA Family: Togaviridae Genus: Rubivirus Species: Rubella virus Rubella (also known as epidemic roseola German measles or three-day measles ) is a disease caused by the Rubella virus . It is often mild and an attack can pass unnoticed. However, this can make the virus difficult to diagnose. The virus usually enters the body through the nose or throat . The disease can last 1-5 days. Children recover more quickly than adults. Like most viruses living along the respiratory tract, it is passed from person to person by tiny droplets in the air that is breathed out. Rubella can also be transmitted from a mother to her developing baby through the bloodstream via the placenta. The virus has an incubation period of 2 to 3 weeks during which it becomes established. The name German measles has nothing to do with Germany . It comes from the Latin germanus , meaning "similar", since rubella and measles share many symptoms. This did not, however, stop its being renamed Liberty Measles in the

52. [Clinical Preventive Services] Screening For Rubella -- Including Immunization O Routine screening for rubella susceptibility by history of vaccination or by There are few data concerning rubella screening or vaccination in older men http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/texts/gcps/gcps0042.html

Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, Second Edition Infectious Diseases Screening for Rubella Including Immunization of Adolescents and Adults RECOMMENDATION Routine screening for rubella susceptibility by history of vaccination or by serology is recommended for all women of childbearing age at their first clinical encounter. Susceptible nonpregnant women should be offered rubella vaccination; susceptible pregnant women should be vaccinated immediately after delivery. An equally acceptable alternative for nonpregnant women of childbearing age is to offer vaccination against rubella without screening (see Clinical Intervention). There is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against screening or routine vaccination of young men in settings where large numbers of susceptible young adults of both sexes congregate, such as military bases and colleges. Routine screening or vaccination of other young men, of older men, and of postmenopausal women is not recommended. Burden of Suffering Rubella is generally a mild illness; when contracted by pregnant women, however, especially those in the first 16 weeks of pregnancy, it frequently causes serious complications including miscarriage, abortion, stillbirth, and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS).1,2 The 1964 rubella pandemic in the U.S. caused over 12 million infections, 11,000 fetal losses, and 20,000 cases of CRS in infants.3 The most common manifestations of CRS are hearing loss, developmental delay, growth retardation, and cardiac and ocular defects.1,2 The lifetime costs of treating a patient with CRS were estimated in 1985 to exceed $220,000.3

53. Rubella rubella Today Production Innovation Contacts Oral Hygiene Skin Care Dyes and colourants Beautiful news from rubella Products of rubella http://www.rubella.bg/

menuCount = 2; Rubella Today Production Innovation Contacts ... news search in the site DeBa Q 10 - New cosmetic face and body skin care series The new DeBa Q 10 cosmetic face and body skin care series covers four cosmetic products for full-value skin care: day and night facial cream, eye-contour cream and body skin lotion. The dominant accent in the active ingredients is Coenzyme Q 10, together with a vitamin complex, silk proteins and grape-seed oil. more ... New face and body series BOTANIC With the new face and body series BOTANIC, the leading cosmetic brand DeBa, called to make women beautiful every single day, irresistibly challenges its numerous admirers. The products address everyone who seeks practical and optimally effective care for one’s appearance, combined with the pleasure of the tender touch with nature’s harmony. more ... Oral Hygiene Skin Care Dyes and colourants ... For Men RUBELLA Design and maintenance by M3 Communications Group, Inc. var site="s19rubella"

54. EMedicine - Pediatrics, Rubella : Article By Pamela Dyne, MD Article by Pamela Dyne, MD. http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic388.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Emergency Medicine Pediatric Pediatrics, Rubella Last Updated: November 2, 2004 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: German measles, congenital rubella syndrome AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Pamela Dyne, MD , Program Director, Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine Pamela Dyne, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine , and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Editor(s): Garry Wilkes, MD , Director, Emergency Medicine, Adjunct Associate Professor, Edith Cowan University, Department of Emergency Medicine, South West Area Health Service; Robert Konop, PharmD

55. Rubella The laboratory criteria for diagnosis is isolation of rubella virus, The first rubella vaccines were licensed in the United States in 1969. http://edcp.org/html/rubella.html

EDCP Mission/Vision General Information on Bioterrorism Bioterrorism Information for Health Care Providers Fact Sheets ... ImmuNet Rubella Current Case Definition for Surveillance Photo Courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Immunization Historical Trends (see graphs below) Rubella can be a disastrous disease in early gestation, leading to fetal death, premature delivery, and an array of congenital defects in up to 85% of infants infected in the first trimester. In the pre-vaccine era, epidemics of rubella occurred every six to nine years in the United States, with the last major epidemic in 1964-1965 resulting in 12.5 million cases of rubella and 20,000 cases of CRS. The estimated lifetime cost of one case of CRS today is in excess of $200,000. In Maryland, the last epidemic of rubella involving thousands of cases was also during 1964, when 3,583 cases were reported. Over 10,000 cases were reported in 1941, the largest epidemic recorded in the state. In contrast, no more than six cases have been reported in any one-year since 1983. Only one case has been reported since the last publication of this report, with onset in 1995.

56. Rubella - DrGreene.com Read an article that discusses a disease that may be the cause of serious birth defects if a pregnant woman contracts the disease and passes it onto her http://www.drgreene.com/21_1176.html

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57. Communicable Disease Fact Sheet Communicable Disease Fact Sheet, rubella. In unvaccinated populations, rubella is primarily a childhood disease. Where children are well immunized, http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/communicable_diseases/en/rubella.htm

skip to main content New York State Governor Pataki map-NY ... Department of Health Information for a Healthy New York Home Contact Help A-Z Index Search Search this site: Site Contents Health Insurance Programs Employment Opportunities Forms Grants/Funding Opportunities ... Related Sites You are Here: Home Page Communicable Disease Rubella Rubella (German measles) What is rubella? Rubella is a viral disease characterized by slight fever, rash and swollen glands. Most cases are mild. Who gets rubella? In unvaccinated populations, rubella is primarily a childhood disease. Where children are well immunized, adolescent and adult infections become more evident. Rubella occurs more frequently in winter and spring. How is rubella spread? Rubella is spread by direct contact with nasal or throat secretions of infected individuals. What are the symptoms of rubella? Rubella is a mild illness which may present few or no symptoms. Symptoms may include a rash, slight fever, joint aches, headache, discomfort, runny nose and reddened eyes. The lymph nodes just behind the ears and at the back of the neck may swell, causing some soreness and/or pain. The rash, which may be itchy, first appears on the face and progresses from head to foot, lasting about three days. As many as half of all rubella cases occur without a rash. How soon do symptoms appear?

58. Pediatric Oncall- HOME MADE REMEDIES For Treatment Of Rubella A time tested home made remedy for the treatment of rubella (German measles). http://www.pediatriconcall.com/forpatients/HomeRemedies/Rubella.asp

PARENT CORNER Search GO Home Back Search for Pediatricians Hospitals Special Schools Baby Names Holistic Medicines Alternative Medicine Home Made Remedies Guest Book Guest Book Discussion Boards Share Experience Post Query ... Specialist Answers TREATMENT OF RUBELLA Boil a few neem leaves for half an hour. Drain this neem water. Wash the face with neem water. Dab the skin with a clean cloth. Do not scrub the face. Page 1 of 1 Last updated on 23-02-2001 Kids Corner Doctors Corner News Letter Shopping Mall ... Sitemap

59. Rubella Brief review of structure and properties of rubella virus. rubella virus is the only member of the Rubrivirus genus of the Togavirus family. http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mhunt/rubella.htm

Dr. Margaret Hunt Revised November 2004 READING: Murray et al., Microbiology, 3rd Ed., Chapter 59 pp. 499-502 VIROLOGY - CHAPTER FIFTEEN RUBELLA (GERMAN MEASLES) VIRUS TEACHING OBJECTIVES Brief review of structure and properties of rubella virus. Discussion of viral pathogenesis and disease, epidemiology, prevention and treatment. Rubella virus is the only member of the Rubrivirus genus of the Togavirus family. Rubella (which means "little red" and is also known as German measles) was originally though to be a variant of measles. It is a mild disease in children and adults, but can cause devastating problems if it infects the fetus, especially if infection is in the first few weeks of pregnancy. Figure 1 Electron micrograph of rubella virus CDC/Dr. Erskine Palmer THE VIRUS Rubella virus (figure 1) is the only member of the Rubivirus genus of the Togavirus family. Unlike most Togaviruses it is NOT arthropod borne, but is acquired via the respiratory route. It is an enveloped (toga=cloak), non-segmented, positive sense, RNA virus and replicates in the cytoplasm. Its nucleocapsid has icosahedral symmetry (figure 2). There is only one major antigenic type.

60. Untitled Document http://www.planariainc.com/mmr.html

http://www.measlesmumpsrubella.com http://www.measlesmumpsrubella.com

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