1. Rubella (German Measles) rubella infection is also known as German measles or 3day measles. Includes symptoms and signs, treatment, and prevention. http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/skin/german_measles.html

KidsHealth Parents Infections Rubella - commonly known as German measles or 3-day measles - is an infection that primarily affects the skin and lymph nodes. It is caused by the rubella virus ( not the same virus that causes measles), which is usually transmitted by secretions from the nose or throat. It can also pass through a pregnant woman's bloodstream to infect her unborn child. As this is a generally mild disease in children, the primary medical danger of rubella is the infection of pregnant women, which may cause congenital rubella syndrome in developing babies. Before a vaccine against rubella became available in 1969, rubella epidemics occurred every 6 to 9 years. Children ages 5 to 9 were primarily affected, and many cases of congenital rubella occurred as well. Now, due to immunization of younger children and teens, there are fewer cases of congenital rubella. Most rubella infections today appear in young, unimmunized adults rather than children. In fact, experts estimate that 10% of young adults are currently susceptible to rubella, which could pose a danger to any children they might have someday. Signs and Symptoms Rubella infection may begin with 1 or 2 days of mild fever (99 to 100 degrees Fahrenheit, or 37.2 to 37.8 degrees Celsius) and swollen, tender lymph nodes, usually in the back of the neck or behind the ears. On the second or third day, a rash appears that begins on the face and spreads downward. As it spreads down the body, it usually clears on the face. This rash is often the first sign of illness that a parent notices.

2. Medinfo: German Measles (Rubella) Easy to understand information for patients on German measles, a mild viral illness caused by the rubella virus. Written by a UK general practitioner. http://www.medinfo.co.uk/conditions/rubella.html

Medical information for patients index search health books site map German Measles (Rubella) German measles is a mild viral illness caused by the rubella virus. It causes a mild feverish illness associated with a rash, and aches in the joints when it affects adults. The major reason for any attention being devoted to the eradication of this condition is the nasty effects that it has on the unborn baby (known as a fetus), when a pregnant woman catches it in early pregnancy. Symptoms Children are not usually affected too badly, and often the first manifestation is the rash. This is a fine, pink rash spreading from the forehead and face downwards. The rash may last for 1 to 5 days. There are often some of the glands (lymph nodes) enlarged, especially behind the ears and on the back of the head. Adults often feel more unwell before the rash appears, and may have pains in the joints rather like arthritis. Possible complications as a result of catching rubella Complications Risk Damage to unborn fetus (multiple defects common) 9 out of 10 pregnancies (in the first 8 to 10 weeks) Damage to unborn fetus 1 in 5 to 10 (between 10 and 16 weeks) After 16 weeks damage is rare Bleeding disorders 1 in 3000 Encephalitis 1 in 6000 Causes The cause is the rubella virus. The incubation period, from exposure to the appearance of the rash, is usually 14 to 21 days.

3. MedlinePlus: Rubella Directory of factheets, articles, and press releases. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/rubella.html

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Other health topics: A B C D ... List of All Topics Rubella Contents of this page: From the NIH Overviews Prevention/Screening Organizations ... Adults Search MEDLINE/PubMed for recent research articles on Rubella: General Congenital rubella syndrome You may also be interested in these MedlinePlus related pages: Childhood Immunization Immunization Child and Teen Health Infections From the National Institutes of Health Rubella (German Measles) (Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction) Overviews JAMA Patient Page: Rubella (American Medical Association) - Links to PDF Also available in: Spanish Rubella (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Rubella (German Measles) (Every Child By Two) Rubella - In Short (National Immunization Program) (Immunization Action Coalition) Prevention/Screening Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccines (MMR) (National Immunization Program) - Links to PDF Also available in: Spanish Rubella Test (American Association for Clinical Chemistry) Related Issues (National Immunization Program) Rubella: Health Information for International Travel (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Organizations National Foundation for Infectious Diseases National Immunization Program National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Statistics Rubella No Longer Major Public Health Threat in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Children Rubella (German Measles) (Nemours Foundation)

4. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Rubella Features cause, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and prevention. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001574.htm

@import url(/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Rubella Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Prevention Illustrations Rubella on an infant's back Rubella Antibodies Alternative names Return to top Three day measles; German measles Definition Return to top Rubella is a contagious viral infection with mild symptoms associated with a rash. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top The disease is caused by a virus that is spread through the air or by close contact. It can also be transmitted to a fetus by a mother with an active infection, causing severe disease in the fetus. In children and adults, rubella is usually mild and may even go unnoticed. Children generally have few symptoms, but adults may experience fever, headache, malaise, and a runny nose before the rash appears. A person can transmit the disease from 1 week before the onset of the rash, until 1-2 weeks after the rash disappears. The disease is less contagious than rubeola (measles). Lifelong

5. Www.rubella.net Archive of news articles and references regarding medical policy issues. http://www.rubella.net/

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6. Rubella Factsheet that discusses rubella and pregnancy. http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov/genpub/topics/rubella-ccae.html

home about CERHR news CERHR chemicals ... contact us CERHR: Rubella (German Measles) Rubella Information from the March of Dimes MOD, 2003 Facts What Is Rubella? What Risks Does Rubella Pose for the Fetus? ... Links to Useful Information Facts Rubella (German measles) is a mild childhood illness that poses a serious threat to the fetus, if the mother contracts the illness during pregnancy. More than 20,000 babies were born with birth defects during an outbreak of rubella in 1964-65. The same outbreak also resulted in at least 10,000 miscarriages and stillbirths. Fortunately, major outbreaks of rubella no longer occur in this country. Since 1969, when a vaccine for rubella became available, children have been routinely vaccinated, helping to prevent the spread of the illness to susceptible pregnant women. Most women of childbearing age are immune to rubella because they either were vaccinated or had the illness during childhood. Because of widespread use of the vaccine, birth defects caused by rubella have become rare. However, since small outbreaks of rubella continue to occur, the potential for susceptible pregnant women to become infected continues to exist. As many as 2 in 10 women of childbearing age are susceptible to rubella. Women can protect their future children from the effects of rubella by getting tested for immunity prior to pregnancy and being vaccinated if they are not immune.

7. Baby Planning Time - German Measles (rubella) Find out about German measles (rubella)and why it is important for you to test your immunity to it if you are planning to have a baby. http://www.mothersbliss.co.uk/planning/rubella.asp

The only place you need for expectant mums, new born babies, mothers and young families Call us from the UK on 0208 925 6150 or internationally on +44 208 925 6150 What do you want to find? Home Shopping Request Catalogue Catalogue QuickShop ... Baby's First Year Select Page Can you afford it? What can he do? Checklist FAQs Conception .. fertile days .. ovulation .. ejaculation .. fertilisation .. implantation .. assisted (IVF) Contraception .. contraception .. male pill .. unplanned Failure? .. reasons .. is there hope .. cancer .. no father Health .. diet .. folic acid .. exercise .. medication .. miscarriage .. work risk .. rubella .. smoking .. stress sex of your baby Mother's Best Friends About Us Contact Us Privacy Contact Us PO Box 240, Loughton, IG10 1ZB, UK Tel: +44 (0)208 9256150 e-mail: web@mothersbliss.com Baby planning time - German measles IMMUNITY TO RUBELLA (GERMAN MEASLES) Rubella can cause heart and brain defects, deafness and cataract in your unborn baby. It is strongly recommended that if your pregnancy is planned, have a blood test to determine if you are immune to rubella before you start trying to conceive. Although rubella is not dangerous for you, it can have very serious implications for your unborn baby if the infection is contracted during pregnancy (the risk being highest in the first three months).

8. Rubella Vaccine The currently licensed rubella vaccines in wide international use are based rubella vaccines for childhood immunization are used in the private sector http://www.who.int/vaccines/en/rubella.shtml

World Health Organization [English] Text only About Us Documents ... Vaccines Home Rubella vaccine Summary and conclusions Public health impact The pathogen and the disease Immune responses to infection ... Other useful links Summary and conclusions Rubella occurs worldwide and is normally a mild childhood disease. However, infection during early pregnancy may cause fetal death or congenital rubella syndrome (CRS); the latter characterized by multiple defects, particularly to the brain, heart, eyes and ears. CRS is an important cause of hearing and visual impairment and mental retardation in countries where acquired rubella infection has not been controlled or eliminated. Although the burden of CRS is not well characterized in all countries, it is estimated that more than 100 000 cases occur each year in developing countries alone. Caring for CRS cases is costly because of the permanent disabilities caused by this condition. Cost-benefit studies in developed as well as developing countries have demonstrated that, when combined with measles vaccine in countries with coverage of over 80%, the benefits of rubella vaccination outweigh the costs. The primary purpose of rubella vaccination is to prevent the occurrence of congenital rubella infection including CRS. Two approaches are recommended: (a) prevention of CRS only, through immunization of adolescent girls and/or women of childbearing age; or (b) elimination of rubella as well as CRS through universal vaccination of infants and young children (with/without mass campaigns), surveillance, and assuring immunity in women of childbearing age.

9. EMedicine - Rubella : Article By Peter C Lombardo, MD rubella rubella is usually a mild viral illness involving the skin, the lymph nodes, and, less commonly, the joints. Its most important complication is http://www.emedicine.com/derm/topic380.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Dermatology Viral Infections Rubella Last Updated: August 10, 2005 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: German measles, congenital rubella syndrome, CRS, rubella vaccination, MMR AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Peter C Lombardo, MD , Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Dermatology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Peter C Lombardo, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology New York Academy of Medicine , and New York County Medical Society Editor(s): Gregory J Raugi, MD, PhD , Associate Professor, Program Director, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Washington at Seattle; Chief, Dermatology Section, Primary and Specialty Care Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center of Seattle; Richard Vinson, MD

10. EMedicine - Rubella : Article By Elias Ezike, MD rubella The name rubella is derived from a Latin term meaning. http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic2025.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Rubella Last Updated: November 2, 2004 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Elias Ezike, MD , Fellow, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Michigan Coauthor(s): Jocelyn Y Ang, MD , Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Michigan and Wayne State University Basim Asmar, MD , Director, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Michigan; Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine Elias Ezike, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics American Medical Association , and Infectious Diseases Society of America Editor(s): Leonard R Krilov, MD

11. Rubella Facts Includes cause, symptoms, diagnosis, complications, prevention, and treatment. http://www.astdhpphe.org/infect/rubella.html

Rubella Rubella is dangerous because of its ability to harm unborn babies. Infection in a pregnant woman can result in miscarriage, stillbirth, or serious birth defects. People get rubella by breathing in droplets that get into the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Rubella can also spread by direct contact with fluids from the nose or throat of an infected person. Rubella can be prevented by immunization. What is rubella? Rubella is a mild but very contagious disease that is preventable with a vaccine. Other names for rubella are German measles and three-day measles. Rubella is dangerous because of its ability to harm unborn babies. Infection of a pregnant woman can result in miscarriage, stillbirth, or serious birth defects. What is the infectious agent that causes rubella? Rubella is caused by the rubella virus. Where is rubella found? Rubella is found worldwide. How do people get rubella? People get rubella by breathing in droplets that get into the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Rubella can also spread by direct contact with fluids from the nose or throat of an infected person. What are the signs and symptoms of rubella?

12. Rubella - MayoClinic.com rubella is an uncommon, contagious viral infection most dangerous to pregnant women. http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?id=DS00332

13. German Measles (rubella) Learn what it is, how you get it, symptoms, and treatment. Find out about risks and vaccines. http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/germanmeasles.htm

Search: All NetDoctor Diseases Medicines NetDoctor.co.uk Home News and features News News archive Newsletter Features Encyclopaedia Diseases Examinations Medicines Premium services SMS services StayQuit thediet Health centres ADHD Allergy and asthma Children's health Depression ... All health centres Discussion and support Discussion forums Support groups Services Ask the doctor Find a hospital Search Medline Test yourself Information About NetDoctor Commercial opportunities NetDoctor.com German measles (rubella) Reviewed by Dr John Pillinger , GP What is German measles? If a pregnant woman is infected with German measles there is a risk of damage to the unborn child. German measles (rubella) is an illness caused by a virus . Epidemics tend to break out every three to four years, although the illness is less contagious than measles and chickenpox While most children have measles in their early childhood, a lot do not get German measles until they are quite a bit older: 10 to 20 per cent of 20 to 25-year-olds have never had the disease. In fact, a lot of people have German measles in such a mild form that it is never diagnosed. Today, only very few children get German measles, as most of them are vaccinated (

14. Rubella (German Measles) rubella infection is also known as _QUOTATION_German measles_QUOTATION_ or _QUOTATION_3day measles._QUOTATION_ Includes symptoms and signs http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

15. Facts About Rubella For Adults Facts About rubella For Adults What is rubella? http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

16. Rubella Factsheet that discusses rubella and pregnancy. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

17. Facts About Rubella For Adults There is a safe and effective vaccine to protect against rubella. There is also a vaccine that protects against rubella only. Symptoms http://www.nfid.org/factsheets/rubellaadult.html

Facts About Rubella For Adults What is rubella? Rubella, also called German measles, is caused by a virus that is spread from person to person when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Rubella is also spread by direct contact with the nasal or throat secretions of an infected person. If a pregnant woman gets rubella during the first 3 months of pregnancy, her baby is at risk of having serious birth defects or dying. Prevention There is a safe and effective vaccine to protect against rubella. The vaccine is frequently given to adults as part of a combination vaccine, called the MMR vaccine, that protects against measles, mumps and rubella. There is also a vaccine that protects against rubella only. Symptoms Symptoms of rubella may include a rash, slight fever, aching joints, headaches, discomfort, runny nose and reddened eyes. The rash first appears on the face and spreads from head to toe. The lymph nodes just behind the ears and at the back of the neck may swell, causing soreness and pain. Many people with rubella have few or no symptoms, and only about half of the people who have the disease get a rash. In most cases of rubella, symptoms appear within 16-18 days after exposure. Who should get MMR vaccine?

18. NIP: Diseases/Rubella/short Description Of Disease Provides a description, symptoms, complications, transmission, and vaccine information about German measles. http://www.cdc.gov/nip/diseases/rubella/vac-chart.htm

NIP: NIP HOME First time visitor? About NIP ... Acronyms NIP sub-sites: ACIP Flu Vaccine Immunization Registries Vaccines for Children Program ... VACMAN NIP Site Search For Immunization Information, call the CDC-INFO Contact Center: English and Spanish 800-CDC-INFO TTY Get Adobe Reader Rubella - In Short (German Measles) Topics on this page: Description Symptoms Complications Transmission ... Vaccine Description A respiratory disease caused by a virus Symptoms Rash and fever for two to three days ( mild disease in children and young adults) Complications Birth defects if acquired by a pregnant woman: deafness, cataracts, heart defects, mental retardation, and liver and spleen damage (at least a 20% chance of damage to the fetus if a woman is infected early in pregnancy) Transmission Spread by coughing and sneezing Vaccine Rubella vaccine (contained in MMR vaccine) can prevent this disease.

19. Rubella Facts rubella can be prevented by immunization. What is rubella? Where is rubella found? rubella is found worldwide. How do people get rubella? http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

20. Rubella/Measles Virus Vaccine - Familydoctor.org Information for patients in English and Spanish. http://www.familydoctor.org/cgi-bin/multum.pl?op=GetLeaflet&id=12885&nam

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