21. Retinoblastoma Treatment statement for Health professionals http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

22. Transpupillary Thermotherapy (TTT) And Transscleral Thermotherapy (TSTT) Research information on laser treatments for intraocular tumors, such as choroidal melanoma, retinoblastoma, and hemangioma. http://members.ams.chello.nl/rem/tstt/

Transpupillairy Thermotherapy and Transscleral Thermotherapy for treatment of intraocular tumors Home TTT TTT basics TSTT ... Contact us Research information on Transpupillary Thermotherapy, TTT, and Transscleral Thermotherapy, TSTT, for treatment of intra-ocular tumors: choroidal melanoma, hemangioma, retinoblastoma. Purpose To inform other investigators interested in medical, clinical and technical aspects of laser heat treatments, such as hyperthermia and thermotherapy, in ocular oncology. TTT and TSTT TTT is a new laser heat-treatment modality for patients with a choroidal melanoma. TSTT is an experimental laser treatment for tumors in the eye. TTT and TSTT are one of many applications of medical lasers in the field of ophthalmology. New articles TTT Journee-de Korver JG, Keunen JE. Thermotherapy in the management of choroidal melanoma. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2002 May;21(3):303-17. New articles TSTT Rem AI, Oosterhuis JA, Korver JG, van den Berg TJ.

23. The Retinoblastoma Society Website of The retinoblastoma Society Fighting eye cancer in Children. Describes the work of the chairty to support those affected, fund research http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

24. Untitled Document http://www.retinoblastoma.com/

25. AIGR Associazione italiana genitori di bambini affetti da retinoblastoma. Presentazione dell'associazione e contatti utili, informazioni sulla legislazione in materia, news dal mondo della scienza, Faq, archivio news; accesso per non vedenti. http://www.aigr.it/

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26. Retinoblastoma retinoblastoma Menu. About retinoblastoma Organisations / Support Groups Resources for Parents and the Public Home Pages of Children and Families http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

27. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 19, Ch. 266, Neoplasms Information on this type of intraocular tumor from an online textbook. http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section19/chapter266/266d.htm

var locationOverride = "http://www.merck.com/pubs/"; This Publication Is Searchable The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Section 19. Pediatrics Chapter 266. Neoplasms Topics [General] Wilms' Tumor Neuroblastoma Retinoblastoma Retinoblastoma A malignant tumor that arises from the immature retina. Retinoblastoma occurs in 1/15,000 to 1/30,000 live births and represents about 2% of childhood malignancies. The disease may be inherited or result from a new germinal mutation. About 10% of patients have a family history of retinoblastoma and another 20 to 30% have bilateral disease; all of these (ie, 30 to 40% of the patients) may pass the trait to their children in an autosomal dominant fashion. These patients appear to have a constitutive genetic abnormality, which in at least 25% appears to be a deletion involving chromosome 13q14 (smaller undetectable abnormalities may be present in all these patients). A mutation in the other chromosome 13 (second hit) is thought to result in the tumor. Most of the remaining 60% of patients, with unilateral disease and no family history of retinoblastoma, have nonheritable disease. However, about 5% of these patients may also carry the gene for retinoblastoma with the risk of passing the trait to their children. Diagnosis Diagnosis is usually made by age 3 to 4 yr when a white reflex from the pupil (cat's-eye pupil) or strabismus is investigated. Both fundi must be closely examined by indirect ophthalmoscopy with the pupils widely dilated and the child under general anesthesia. The tumors appear as single or multiple gray-white elevations in the retina; tumor seeds may be visible in the vitreous. In almost all tumors, calcification can be detected by CT.

28. Retinoblastoma Treatment Symptoms Of Retinoblastoma Eye Cancer A set of questions and answers about retinoblastoma. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

29. Retinoblastoma The childhood retinoblastoma resource center. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

30. Eyelid Ecchymosis Information in note form for clinicians. http://www.fpnotebook.com/EYE45.htm

Home About Links Index ... Editor's Choice document.write(code); Advertisement Ophthalmology Injury Conjunctival Disorders ... Eyelid Laceration Assorted Pages Eyelid ecchymosis Chemical Eye Injury Displaced Contact Lens Cyanoacrylate eye injury ... Eye Injury in Sports Eyelid ecchymosis Black eye Book Home Page Cardiovascular Medicine Dentistry Dermatology Emergency Medicine Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatric Medicine Gynecology Hematology and Oncology HIV Infectious Disease Jokes Laboratory Neonatology Nephrology Neurology Obstetrics Ophthalmology Orthopedics Otolaryngology Pediatrics Pharmacology Practice Management Prevention Psychiatry Pulmonology Radiology Rheumatology Sports Medicine Surgery Urology Chapter Ophthalmology Index Anterior Conjunctival Disorders Corneal Disorders Cardiovascular Medicine Examination Glaucoma Hematology and Oncology Injury Lacrimal Lens Lid General Neurology Pediatrics Pharmacology Prevention Pupil Retina Rheumatology Sclera Sports Medicine Surgery Symptom Evaluation Vision Page Injury Index Black Eye Chemical Conjunctiva Subconjunctival Hemorrhage Contact Lens Displaced Cornea Photokeratitis Cyanoacrylate Foreign Body Conjunctiva Foreign Body Cornea Foreign Body Lid Globe perforation Hyphema Lid Laceration Evaluation See Eye Injury in Sports Management Careful inspection for other injury Cold packs Referral if any questions of greater injury Search other websites for this topic Search National Library of Medicine PubMed for related articles Search Google for related images or topics Search MedPix for related images Advertisement Please see the

31. Retinoblastoma Genes and disease provides short descriptions of inherited disorders. It is hosted by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disease/Retinoblast.html

This Genes and Disease page has been moved to: Please update your bookmarks. If you are not automatically transported to the new page after 15 seconds, click on this link Genome View on chromosome 13 Databases PubMed the literature LocusLink collection of gene-related information OMIM catalog of human genes and disorders Information The National Eye Institute, NIH research and patient information RETINOBLASTOMA occurs in early childhood and affects about 1 child in 20,000. The tumor develops from the immature retina - the part of the eye responsible for detecting light and color. There are both hereditary and non-hereditary forms of retinoblastoma. IN the hereditary form, multiple tumors are found in both eyes, while in the non-hereditary form only one eye is effected and by only one tumor. In the hereditary form, a gene called Rb is lost from chromosome 13. Since the absence of Rb seemed to be linked to retinoblastoma, it has been suggested that the role of Rb in normal cells is to suppress tumor formation. Rb is found in all cells of the body, where under normal conditions it acts as a brake on the cell division cycle by preventing certain regulatory proteins from triggering DNA replication. If Rb is missing, a cell can replicate itself over and over in an uncontrolled manner, resulting in tumor formation. Untreated, retinoblastoma is almost uniformly fatal, but with early diagnosis and modern methods of treatment the survival rate is over 90%. Since the Rb gene is found in all cell types, studying the molecular mechanism of tumor suppression by Rb will give insight into the progression of many types of cancer, not just retinoblastoma.

32. Site Design By Spliteye Multimedia Click to enter site http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

33. OMIM - RETINOBLASTOMA; RB1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=180200

34. Retinoblastoma International Homepage retinoblastoma International (RBI) is a public charitable organization dedicated to funding research, clinical treatment and international awareness http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

35. Retinoblastoma Provides a review using NCI materials of the prognosis, classification and treatment of the tumor. Aimed at the professional level. http://www.meb.uni-bonn.de/cancer.gov/CDR0000062846.html

Treatment statement for Health professionals Retinoblastoma Get this document via a secure connection General Information Cellular Classification Stage Information ... More Information General Information This cancer treatment information summary provides an overview of the prognosis, diagnosis, classification, and treatment of retinoblastoma. The National Cancer Institute provides the PDQ pediatric cancer treatment information summaries as a public service to increase the availability of evidence-based cancer information to health professionals, patients, and the public. These summaries are updated regularly according to the latest published research findings by an Editorial Board of pediatric oncology specialists. Cancer in children and adolescents is rare. Children and adolescents with cancer should be referred to medical centers that have a multidisciplinary team of cancer specialists with experience treating the cancers that occur during childhood and adolescence. This multidisciplinary team approach incorporates the skills of the primary care physician, an ophthalmologist with extensive experience in the treatment of children with retinoblastoma, pediatric surgical subspecialists, radiation oncologists, pediatric medical oncologists/hematologists, rehabilitation specialists, pediatric nurse specialists, social workers, and others in order to ensure that children receive treatment, supportive care, and rehabilitation that will achieve optimal survival and quality of life. Refer to the PDQ

36. National Cancer Institute - Retinoblastoma Home Page Information and resources for this condition. http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/types/retinoblastoma

var bSearchBoxBool=false; Quick Links Director's Corner Dictionary of Cancer Terms NCI Drug Dictionary Funding Opportunities ... NIH Calendar of Events NCI Highlights NCI Offers Support for Those in Need After Katrina NCI Announces Plan to Fight Lung Cancer National Prostate Cancer Awareness Month National Ovarian Cancer Awareness ... Past Highlights Retinoblastoma Related Pages What You Need To Know About Cancer - An Overview An overview of cancer detection, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. NIH Publication No. A fact sheet about children's cancer centers and health care approaches, including clinical trials for children with cancer. Young People with Cancer: A Handbook for Parents Discusses the most common types of childhood cancer, treatments and side effects, and issues that may arise when a child is diagnosed with cancer. Offers medical information and practical tips gathered from parents. Includes a section on talking to children about cancer. Full description of the NCI PDQ database. General Cancer Resources Coping with Cancer Managing side effects and complications caused by cancer and its treatment.

37. Retinoblastoma / Family Village Library Who to Contact Where to Go to Chat with Others Learn More About It Web Sites Search Google for "retinoblastoma" http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

38. Retinoblastoma retinoblastoma is a malignant (cancerous) tumor of the retina. This is called trilateral retinoblastoma, and patients should be periodically monitored http://www.meb.uni-bonn.de/cancer.gov/CDR0000062683.html

Treatment statement for Patients Retinoblastoma Get this document via a secure connection Description Stage Explanation Treatment Option Overview ... About PDQ Description What is retinoblastoma? Retinoblastoma is a malignant (cancerous) tumor of the retina. The retina is the thin nerve tissue that lines the back of the eye that senses light and forms images. This disease is caused by mutations in a gene called the Retinoblastoma-1 gene. These mutations are either inherited (passed from the parents to the children) or new (not passed from the parents to the children) mutations. Some new mutations may become "inherited" (the new mutation is passed from the parents to the children). Tumors caused by inherited mutations are called hereditary retinoblastomas. Tumors caused by new mutations are called sporadic retinoblastomas. Hereditary retinoblastomas may form in one or both eyes, and they are generally found in younger children. Most retinoblastomas that form in only one eye are not hereditary, and they are found more often in older children. When tumors form in both eyes, the disease is almost always hereditary. Because of the hereditary factor, patients and their brothers and sisters should have periodic examinations, including genetic counseling, to determine their risk for developing the disease. A child who has hereditary retinoblastoma may also be at risk of developing a tumor in the brain while they are being treated for the eye tumor. This is called trilateral retinoblastoma, and patients should be periodically monitored by the doctor for the possible development of this rare condition during and after treatment. If your child has retinoblastoma, particularly the hereditary type, there is also an increased chance that he or she may develop other types of cancer in later years. Parents may therefore decide to continue taking their child for medical check-ups even after the cancer has been treated.

39. Retinoblastoma : CancerBACUP This section is about retinoblastoma in children. It describes what they are, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. http://www.cancerbacup.org.uk/Cancertype/Childrenscancers/Typesofchildrenscancer

@import "/stylesheet-site.css"; Search Retinoblastoma This information is about retinoblastoma in children. It is helpful to read it alongside the CancerBACUP general information on , which contains detailed information about cancers in children, their diagnosis and treatment and the support services available. What is retinoblastoma? Causes of retinoblastoma Signs and symptoms How it is diagnosed ... References What is retinoblastoma? About 40 cases of retinoblastoma are diagnosed each year in the UK. Most of these occur in children younger than 5 years old, although it can affect children of any age. Retinoblastoma is a tumour that occurs in the retina. This is the light-sensitive lining of the eye. It can occur in two forms: an inherited form where there are often tumours in both eyes ( bilateral ) or sometimes only in one eye a non-inherited form where there is a tumour in only one eye ( unilateral Diagram of the eye (d) back to top Causes of retinoblastoma The inherited form of retinoblastoma (which is about 2 cases in every 5), is caused by a genetic abnormality. This means that an abnormal gene, which can be passed from a parent to the child, allows the tumour to develop. People with this gene, known as the Rb gene , also have a slightly increased risk of developing other types of tumours.

40. Retinoblastoma Provides a review using NCI materials of the prognosis, classification and treatment of the tumor. Aimed at the professional level. http://www.meb.uni-bonn.de/cancer.gov/CDR0000062846.html#REF_1

Treatment statement for Health professionals Retinoblastoma Get this document via a secure connection General Information Cellular Classification Stage Information ... More Information General Information This cancer treatment information summary provides an overview of the prognosis, diagnosis, classification, and treatment of retinoblastoma. The National Cancer Institute provides the PDQ pediatric cancer treatment information summaries as a public service to increase the availability of evidence-based cancer information to health professionals, patients, and the public. These summaries are updated regularly according to the latest published research findings by an Editorial Board of pediatric oncology specialists. Cancer in children and adolescents is rare. Children and adolescents with cancer should be referred to medical centers that have a multidisciplinary team of cancer specialists with experience treating the cancers that occur during childhood and adolescence. This multidisciplinary team approach incorporates the skills of the primary care physician, an ophthalmologist with extensive experience in the treatment of children with retinoblastoma, pediatric surgical subspecialists, radiation oncologists, pediatric medical oncologists/hematologists, rehabilitation specialists, pediatric nurse specialists, social workers, and others in order to ensure that children receive treatment, supportive care, and rehabilitation that will achieve optimal survival and quality of life. Refer to the PDQ

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