1. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Pharyngitis Includes brief overview, symptoms, treatment and prevention. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000655.htm

@import url(/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Pharyngitis Contents of this page: Illustrations Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors Symptoms ... Calling your health care provider Illustrations Throat anatomy Definition Return to top Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the pharynx that frequently results in a sore throat . It may be caused by a variety of microorganisms. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Pharyngitis is caused by a variety of microorganisms. Most cases are caused by a virus, including the virus causing the common cold, flu (influenza virus), adenovirus, mononucleosis, HIV, and various others. Bacterial causes include Group A streptococcus , which causes strep throat , in addition to corynebacterium arcanobacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae Chlamydia pneumoniae, and others. In up to 30% of cases, no organism is identified. Most cases of pharyngitis occur during the colder months during respiratory disease season. It often spreads among family members. Strep throat is a serious cause of pharyngitis. The complications of strep throat can include acute rheumatic fever, kidney dysfunction, and severe diseases such as bacteremia and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.

2. Treatment Of Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis And Prevention Of Rheumatic Fever Scientific and medical article. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1244

3. Chronic Pharyngitis And Traditional Chinese Medicine In China Describes in detail how TCM practitioners in China solve this with traditional Chinese strategies and herbs. http://www.tcmtreatment.com/images/diseases/chronic-pharyngitis.htm

TCM Hospital: Chronic Pharyngitis And Traditional Chinese Medicine In China Chronic pharyngitis, a chronic inflammation of the pharyngeal mucous membrane and submucous lymphoid tissues, is often caused by unsatisfactory treatment of acute pharyngitis or repeated occurrences of upper respiratory tract infection and it is related to high-dust environment. Clinically it manifests itself as itching, dryness, soreness of the throat, cough, a feeling of foreign body or obstruction in the throat. In TCM it belongs to the category of "hou bi," or inflammation of throat. Main Points of Diagnosis 1. The patient has discomfort, dryness and itching, swelling and soreness, a feeling of foreign body in the throat or being stuck with sputum. He or she often wants to "hang ka" (make a cough sound like "hang ka" ) or has irritated coughs. 2. The patient has a sensation of obstruction and fullness in the throat and a feeling of being blocked when swallowing without any food but no difficulty in eating.

4. Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis pharyngitis/Tonsillitis Etiology Monitoring. Epidemiology Prognosis Population Patients with GABHS pharyngitis and tonsillitis http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

5. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Pharyngitis - Gonococcal Gonococcal pharyngitis. Definition Return to top. Gonococcal pharyngitis is aninfection of the throat involving the tonsils and the larynx (pharynx), http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000601.htm

@import url(/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Pharyngitis - gonococcal Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Prevention Illustrations Throat anatomy Alternative names Return to top Gonococcal pharyngitis Definition Return to top Gonococcal pharyngitis is an infection of the throat involving the tonsils and the larynx (pharynx), caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Gonococcal pharyngitis is a sexually-transmitted disease. It is acquired through oral sex with an infected partner. The majority of throat infections caused by gonococci have no symptoms ( asymptomatic When discomfort is present, it is generally mild. Symptoms involving the rest of the body are not normally present unless the person develops disseminated gonococcemia , a wide-spread infection of the bloodstream. Untreated gonorrhea may spread to other parts of the body, causing inflammation of the testes or prostate in men or pelvic inflammatory disease in women. Gonococci in the throat are present in 10 to 20% of women who have gonorrhea. In homosexual men with gonorrhea, pharyngeal (throat) infection is present in 10 to 25%. Risk factors include recent exposure to gonorrhea, sexual activity with multiple partners and performing oral sex.

6. Sore Throat 3.12 pharyngitis (Sore Throat) http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. EMedicine - Pharyngitis : Article By Amin Antoine Kazzi, MD pharyngitis pharyngitis is defined as an infection or irritation of the pharynxand/or tonsils. The etiology is usually infectious, with 40-60% of cases http://www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic419.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Emergency Medicine Ear, Nose, And Throat Pharyngitis Last Updated: April 21, 2005 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: infection of pharynx , irritation of pharynx, infection of tonsils , irritation of tonsils, group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections GABHS infections bacterial pharyngitis viral pharyngitis ... upper respiratory infections , URIs, heart valve damage Streptococcus pyogenes rhinovirus adenovirus ... toxic shock syndrome , airway obstruction, Mycoplasma pneumoniae Chlamydia pneumoniae Arcanobacterium haemolyticus rhinorrhea gonococcal pharyngitis coxsackievirus A coxsackievirus B ... cervical lymphadenopathy , acute lymphoglandular syndrome, hepatosplenomegaly, sandpapery scarlatiniform rash , maculopapular rashes, scarlet fever meningitis endocarditis subdural empyemas ... Epstein-Barr virus , EBV, HIV-1 oral thrush gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD ... postnasal drip AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Amin Antoine Kazzi, MD

8. Symptoms Of Pharyngitis - CureResearch.com Symptoms of pharyngitis including signs, symptoms, incubation period, duration, and correct diagnosis. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. EMedicine - Pediatrics, Pharyngitis : Article By Harold K Simon, MD Pediatrics, pharyngitis Studies in the late 1940s and 1950s showed thatpenicillin (PCN) therapy for group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) http://www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic395.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Emergency Medicine Pediatric Pediatrics, Pharyngitis Last Updated: November 6, 2004 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis, GABHS AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Harold K Simon, MD , Director of Fellowship and Research, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine Harold K Simon, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: Ambulatory Pediatric Association American Academy of Pediatrics American Heart Association Massachusetts Medical Society ... Sigma Xi , and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Editor(s): Garry Wilkes, MD , Director, Emergency Medicine, Adjunct Associate Professor, Edith Cowan University, Department of Emergency Medicine, South West Area Health Service; Robert Konop, PharmD

10. The Winn Feline Foundation - Health Article Article concerning feline oral resorptive lesion (FORL), lymphocytic plasmacytic gingivitispharyngitis syndrome, oral neoplasia squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and orthodontic problems. http://www.winnfelinehealth.org/health/dental.html

A Winn Foundation Health Article On ... Feline Dental Pathology and Care Feline Dental Pathology and Care Jan Bellows, DVM Diplomate, American Veterinary Dental College Feline dental pathology and care are perhaps the most overlooked and under- treated areas in small animal medicine. Many feline patients over five years old will have oral lesions that require immediate care to relieve pain. A common feline oral malady is feline oral resorptive lesion (FORL). A majority of the cats affected are older than four years. These tooth defects have also been called cavities, neck lesions, external or internal root resorptions, and cervical line erosions. The location of FORL is usually at the labial or buccal surface of the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) where the free gingiva meets the tooth surface. The most common teeth affected are the maxillary third and fourth premolars and the lower third premolar and first molars, however FORLs can be found on any tooth. The etiology is unknown, however theories supporting an autoimmune response mediating cellular and humoral factors, calici virus, and metabolic imbalances relating to calcium regulation have been proposed. Patients effected with FORLs may show hypersalivation, oral bleeding, or have difficulty apprehending food. A majority of effected cats do not show obvious clinical signs. Most times it is up to the clinician to diagnose the lesions on oral examination. Diagnostic aids include a periodontal probe or cotton tipped applicator applied to the suspected FORL. The lesion often erodes into the sensitive dentin, causing the cat to show pain with jaw spasms when the EOR is touched. Intraoral radiology is helpful in making definitive diagnosis and treatment planning.

11. Pharyngitis/ Strep Throat Back to table of contents pharyngitis/ Strep Throat pharyngitis/ Strep Throat. Clinical features of Group A Beta Hemolytic Strep pharyngitis http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

12. Sore Throat The patient with a bacterial pharyngitis complains of a rapid onset of throat pain The recommended treatment for streptococcal pharyngitis is oral http://www.ncemi.org/cse/cse0312.htm

More Emergency Medicine Resources Back to table of contents 3.12 Pharyngitis (Sore Throat) Presentation The patient with a bacterial pharyngitis complains of a rapid onset of throat pain worsened by swallowing. There is usually a fever, pharyngeal erythema, and a purulent, patchy, yellow, gray or white exudate, tender cervical adenopathy, headache and absence of cough. Viral infections are typically accompanied by conjunctivitis, nasal congestion, hoarseness, cough, aphthous ulcers on the soft palate and myalgias. It is helpful to differentiate pain on swallowing (odynophagia) from difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), the latter being more likely caused by obstruction or abnormal muscular movement. What to do: First examine the ears, nose, and mouth, which are, after all, connected to the pharynx, and often contain clues to the diagnosis. Depress the tongue with a blade, have the patient raise his soft palate by saying " ah," inspect the posterior pharynx, and swab both tonsillar pillars for a culture. (You can decide later whether you really need to plant the culture. Rapid strep tests may provide results in a few minutes, while cultures may take 1-2 days to incubate and interpret. This delay does not alter the effectiveness of therapy, however. Treatment may begin up to nine days after symptoms and still prevent rheumatic fever.) When the infection is not clearly bacterial or you are unsure about the need for an antibiotic (or you or the patient "need to know" if this is a strep infection) then you may obtain a rapid strep test. If the rapid strep test is positive, then treat with antibiotics as above. If the test is negative or unavailable and you have a high clinical suspicion that this is a viral pharyngitis, provide symptomatic treatment (below), send a culture, and hold antibiotics pending results.

13. Pharyngitis What Is Pharyngitis pharyngitis is an inflammation of the throat. It can be caused by prolonged shouting/screaming, allergies, viral or bacterial infections. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

14. Emergency Medicine At NCEMI: Emergency Medicine And Primary Care Resources Strep pharyngitis probability score. Answer Score 0 0.64% probability Prevalence of group A strep pharyngitis in patient s community. 5% (0 points) http://www.ncemi.org/cgi-ncemi/edecision.pl?TheCommand=Load&NewFile=strep_pharyn

15. Health Center - Focus Focus IssuesViral pharyngitis What Is Viral pharyngitis? Focus IssuesViral pharyngitis What Is Viral pharyngitis? http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

16. Pharyngitis - March 15, 2004 - American Family Physician Identifying the cause of pharyngitis, especially group A betahemolytic This article focuses on infectious causes of sore throat (pharyngitis). http://www.aafp.org/afp/20040315/1465.html

Advanced Search AAFP Home Page Journals Vol. 69/No. 6 (March 15, 2004) PROBLEM-ORIENTED DIAGNOSIS Pharyngitis MIRIAM T. VINCENT, M.D., M.S., NADHIA CELESTIN, M.D., and ANEELA N. HUSSAIN, M.D. State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York A PDF version of this document is available. Download PDF now (6 pages /99 KB). More information on using PDF files. See page 1437 for definitions of strength-of-evidence labels. P haryngitis is one of the most common conditions encountered by the family physician. The optimal approach for differentiating among various causes of pharyngitis requires a problem-focused history, a physical examination, and appropriate laboratory testing. Identifying the cause of pharyngitis, especially group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS), is important to prevent potential life-threatening complications. Epidemiology and Pathogenesis The 2000 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey found that acute pharyngitis accounts for 1.1 percent of visits in the primary care setting and is ranked in the top 20 reported primary diagnoses resulting in office visits. Peak seasons for sore throat include late winter and early spring.

17. Group A Streptococcal Infections, NIAID Fact Sheet STREP THROAT What is strep throat and what are the symptoms? Your health care provider may call it acute streptococcal pharyngitis. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

18. Management Of Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Pharyngitis - April 15, 2001 Treatment goals in patients with streptococcal pharyngitis, including the Suppurative complications of streptococcal pharyngitis occur as infection http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010415/1557.html

Advanced Search AAFP Home Page Journals Vol. 63/No. 8 (April 15, 2001) Management of Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Pharyngitis CYNTHIA S. HAYES, M.D., M.H.A., and HAROLD WILLIAMSON, JR., M.D., M.S.P.H. A patient information handout on strep throat, written by the authors of this article, is provided on page 1565. A PDF version of this document is available. Download PDF now (8 pages / 64 KB). More information on using PDF files. E very day, the family physician can expect to encounter at least one patient with a sore throat. Approximately 30 to 65 percent of pharyngitis cases are idiopathic, and 30 to 60 percent have a viral etiology (rhinovirus, adenovirus and many others). Only 5 to 10 percent of sore throats are caused by bacteria, with group A beta-hemolytic streptococci being the most common bacterial etiology. Other bacteria that occasionally cause pharyngitis include groups C and G streptococci, Neisseria gonorrhoeae Mycoplasma pneumoniae Chlamydia pneumoniae and Arcanobacterium haemolyticus See editorial on page 1486.

19. Diagnosis And Management Of Adults With Pharyngitis A Diagnosis and Management of Adults with pharyngitis http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

20. Pharyngitis- Pulmonology pharyngitis, called sore throat, is the inflammation of the pharynx. The throatextends from the nasal passages above and behind the mouth to the esophagus http://www.pulmonologychannel.com/pharyngitis/

Home Search SiteMap Contact Us ... Physician Board PHARYNGITIS Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis ... Treatment CONDITIONS Anemia ARDS Asthma Bronchitis ... Solitary Pulmonary Nodule Tuberculosis DIAGNOSTIC TESTS CT Scan MRI Scan RESOURCES Anatomy Clinical Trials Glossary Links ... What Is a Pulmonologist? ABOUT US Healthcommunities.com Pressroom Testimonials Overview Pharyngitis, called sore throat, is the inflammation of the pharynx (throat). The throat extends from the nasal passages above and behind the mouth to the esophagus (tube that carries food to the stomach) in the neck. Pharyngitis occurs most commonly with a viral upper respiratory infection (URI). It is also symptomatic of a number of diseases, including: diphtheria, mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus, gonorrhea , and acute HIV infection. Incidence and Prevalence Approximately 40 – 60% of cases of pharyngitis are caused by a virus and about 15% are associated with Streptococcus infection (strep throat). In the United States, children typically average five sore throats per year and Streptococcus infection every 4 years. Adults typically experience two sore throats per year and

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