21. Persistent Vegetative State persistent vegetative state (PVS) has been at the center of much persistent vegetative state is also often referred to a permanent vegetative state http://www.cwu.edu/~chem/courses/Chem564/finalpapers/PVSfinal.html

Persistent Vegetative State Leif Gustafson March 15, 2000 Introduction Determining PVS This definition includes difficult to define terms such as awareness, and this problematic definition has led some people to question the validity of the syndrome. It has also lead to problems in the diagnosis of PVS. The crux of the problem lies in the determination of a person’s internal mental state using external proof. Different tests have been used in an attempt to determine criteria for its diagnosis, because in using conventional methods of observation of function it takes weeks to diagnose a patient as being in PVS. Glucose metabolism, EEG, CT scans, and positron-emission tomography (PET) have all been used to increase understanding and diagnostic ability for PVS. However, information from these tests have not been able to provide any conclusive diagnostic information. It is possible that these tests or a combination of them will be useful as diagnostic tools in the future, but more data must be collected before any determinations can be made. This lack of diagnostic certainty has led to the misdiagnosis of many patients as being PVS when they actually are not. One study showed that in a sample of 62 patients in nursing homes who were diagnosed with PVS eleven had been misdiagnosed and another study showed that eighteen of 49 patients were misdiagnosed (Borthwick). These errors have come from the lack of information about the criteria that are necessary for a person to be considered PVS as well as a lack of time and methods used for determining a patient as having PVS.

22. NPR Defining A 'Persistent Vegetative State' Defining a 'persistent vegetative state' All Things Considered, March 22, 2005 NPR's Robert Siegel talks with Dr. James Bernat, a professor of http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

23. WMA - Policy World Medical Association Statement on persistent vegetative state persistent vegetative state Pathologic loss of consciousness may follow a variety of http://www.wma.net/e/policy/p11.htm

Policy World Medical Association Statement on Persistent Vegetative State Adopted by the 41st World Medical Assembly Hong Kong, September 1989 Preamble Present requirements of health reporting fails to provide an accurate estimate of the incidence and prevalence of worldwide individuals in a persistent vegetative state (PVS). Ten years ago, a prevalence of 2 to 3 per 100,000 was estimated for Japan. It seems likely that the absolute number of such cases has risen appreciably as a consequence of current practices in critical medicine, cardiorespiratory support, parenteral feeding, and control of infections in severely brain damaged patients. How to deal with this emotionally painful, financially costly, and generally unwanted outcome of modern medical treatment is an increasing problem. Persistent Vegetative State Recovery Guidelines These rare examples notwithstanding, the data indicate that unawareness for six months predicts nonrecovery or overwhelming disability with a high degree of certainty regardless of the nature of the insult to the brain. Therefore, a conservative criterion for the diagnosis of PVS would be observed unawareness for at least 12 months although cognitive recovery after six months is exceedingly rare in patients over 50.

24. Responding To Patients In The Persistent Vegetative State - An Postmodernism You Conversation Cuisine Responding to Patients in the persistent vegetative state Donal P. O'Mathuna, Ph.D. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

25. Coma And Persistent Vegetative State COMA and persistent vegetative state A persistent vegetative state, which sometimes follows a coma, refers to a condition in which individuals have lost http://www.neuroskills.com/tbi/coma.shtml

COMA and PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE CONTENTS What are coma and persistent vegetative state? Is there any treatment? What is the prognosis? What research is being done? Where can I find more information? DESCRIPTION: TREATMENT: Once the patient is out of immediate danger, although still in coma or vegetative state, the medical care team will concentrate on preventing infections and maintaining the patient's physical state as much as possible. Such maintenance includes preventing pneumonia and bed sores and providing balanced nutrition. Physical therapy may also be used to prevent contractures (permanent muscular contractions) and orthopedic deformities that would limit recovery for the patients who emerge from coma. PROGNOSIS: The outcome for coma and vegetative state depends on the cause and on the location, severity, and extent of neurological damage: outcomes range from recovery to death. People may emerge from a coma with a combination of physical, intellectual, and psychological difficulties that need special attention. Recovery usually occurs gradually, with patients acquiring more and more ability to respond. Some patients never progress beyond very basic responses, but many recover full awareness. Patients recovering from coma require close medical supervision. A coma rarely lasts more than 2 to 4 weeks. Some patients may regain a degree of awareness after vegetative state. Others may remain in a vegetative state for years or even decades. The most common cause of death for a person in a vegetative state is infection such as pneumonia.

26. NEJM -- Medical Aspects Of The Persistent Vegetative State- Second Of Two Parts Special Article from The New England Journal of Medicine Medical Aspects of the persistent vegetative state Second of Two Parts. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/extract/330/22/1572

HOME SEARCH CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES ... HELP Please sign in for full text and personal services Previous Volume 330:1572-1579 June 2, 1994 Number 22 Next A correction has been published: N Engl J Med 1995;333(2):130 The Multi-Society Task Force on PVS Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings. Full Text Letters Letters Letters ... PubMed Citation Prognosis for Recovery There are two dimensions of recovery from a persistent vegetative state: recovery of consciousness and recovery of function. Recovery of consciousness can be verified by reliable evidence of awareness of self and the environment, consistent voluntary behavioral responses to visual and auditory stimuli, and interaction with others. Recovery of function is characterized by communication, the ability to learn and to perform adaptive tasks, mobility, self-care, and participation in recreational or vocational activities. Recovery of consciousness may occur without functional recovery, but functional recovery cannot occur without recovery of consciousness.

27. NEJM -- Medical Aspects Of The Persistent Vegetative State- First Of Two Parts Special Article from The New England Journal of Medicine Medical Aspects of the persistent vegetative state First of Two Parts. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/330/21/1499

HOME SEARCH CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES ... HELP Please sign in for full text and personal services Previous Volume 330:1499-1508 May 26, 1994 Number 21 Next The Multi-Society Task Force on PVS Full Text Letters Letters Add to Personal Archive ... PubMed Citation ABSTRACT This consensus statement of the Multi-Society Task Force summarizes current knowledge of the medical aspects of the persistent vegetative state in adults and children. The vegetative state is a clinical condition of complete unawareness of the self and the environment, accompanied by sleep-wake cycles, with either complete or partial preservation of hypothalamic and brain-stem autonomic functions. In addition, patients in a vegetative state show no evidence of sustained, reproducible, purposeful, or voluntary behavioral responses to visual, auditory, tactile, or noxious stimuli; show no evidence of language comprehension or expression; have bowel and bladder incontinence; and have variably preserved cranial-nerve and spinal reflexes. We define persistent vegetative state as a vegetative state present one month after acute traumatic or nontraumatic brain injury or lasting for at least one month in patients with degenerative or metabolic disorders or developmental malformations.

28. Good Morning Silicon Valley: OS/2 In Persistent Vegetative State; IBM To Remove OS/2 in persistent vegetative state because the feeding tube was removed years ago. (. Posted by Russ July 15, 2005 1150 AM. Alas! Those poor nuns! http://blogs.siliconvalley.com/gmsv/2005/07/_ibms_os2_opera.html

hostName = '.siliconvalley.com'; var hbx_site = "siliconvalley"; Good Morning Silicon Valley About GMSV Contact John Paczkowski YIM: pczki AIM: pczki Home delivery : Good Morning Silicon Valley, straight to your inbox. Free. Recent Posts Off Topic Actually, we plan to bronze him and put him in the lobby Just between you and me, Mr. Murdoch's a total GTA freak AMD CTO announces plans to overclock VC industry ... Position requires knowledge of strong-arm tactics and a familiarity with the Windows OS Categories Errata Off Topic Quoted SiliconValley.com Home page News Columnists Research ... RSS Feeds Further Reading Lessig Blog Dan Gillmor O'Reilly blogs Blue's News ... Add me to your TypePad People list Powered by TypePad Main July 15, 2005 OS/2 in persistent vegetative state; IBM to remove feeding tube IBM's OS/2 operating system died years ago and now the company is finally getting around to burying its remains. In an announcement broadcast today, IBM said it will stop selling the long-struggling 32-bit multitasking operating system in December and stop supporting it a year later. "We're making official what has been going on for quite some time," said Steve Eisenstadt, an IBM spokesman

29. Welcome To NHS Direct Online persistent vegetative state (PVS) usually occurs after a severe head injury. Although people in a persistent vegetative state may make sudden, http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/en.asp?TopicID=606

30. Doctors Explain The 'persistent Vegetative State' Doctors explain the persistent vegetative state But people in a persistent vegetative state will nonetheless react to a painful stimulus in a http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2005/03/23/TERMS.TMP

31. THE TERRI SCHIAVO CASE / Her Condition: Doctor Explains The 'persistent Vegetati But people in a persistent vegetative state will nonetheless react to a painful stimulus in a reflexive manner. Pinch, and they will flinch. http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/03/23/MNGGABTH351.DTL

32. End-of-Life Options: Tube Feeding 14991508 and pp. 1572-1579. Index. PVS See persistent vegetative state (PVS) Substituted Judgment This standard of decision making permits the decision http://www.dickinson.edu/endoflife/Glossary.html

Index: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ad Litem : See Guardian ad litem Amicus Curiae Brief : Amicus curiae is Latin for "friend of the court." Amicus curiae briefs are reports to the court supplied by parties with some special expertise, but with no direct interest in the case. ANH : See Artificially provided Nutrition and Hydration Artificially -provided Nutrition and Hydration (ANH) : Any of several methods for providing nutrition and hydration to patient who are unable (or unwilling) to take in food and fluids by mouth. See Different kinds of tube feeding explained Best Interests : This is an end-of-life decision making criteria that a number of state courts have invoked for incompetent patients, usually when there is not enough information to make a decision on the basis of " substituted judgment ." It typically means choosing that course of action that "would probably be conceived by a reasonable person in the patient's circumstances." (This is a definition advanced by the President's Commission .) The Wisconsin Supreme Court argued that, while any analysis begins with the presumption that continued life is in the best interests of the patient, that presumption can be overcome by considering a number of factors, including; "the degree of humiliation, dependence and loss of dignity probably resulting from the condition and treatment; life expectancy with and without treatment; the various treatment options; and the risks, side effects and benefits of each of those options." See

33. March 25, 2005, Hour One: Plant Genetics / Persistent Vegetative State March 25, 2005, Hour One Plant Genetics / persistent vegetative state. http://www.sciencefriday.com/pages/2005/Mar/hour1_032505.html

listen live archives books tape orders ... home Call in! 2-4 pm Eastern 1-800-989-TALK Write us! Science Friday 55 W. 45th Street 4th Floor New York, NY 10036 scifri@sciencefriday.com Archived Audio: plant genetics RealAudio format Windows Media format mp3 download persistent vegetative state RealAudio format Windows Media format mp3 download NPR audio help Related Links: Mutated plant digs deep to find genetic renewal Plant may have backup of its genome Studies find plants can self-correct genetic flaws Doctors explain the 'persistent vegetative state' ... March Plant Genetics / Persistent Vegetative State A CT scan of Terri Sciavo, 1996. This week, the battle over the medical treatment of Terri Schiavo continued, with legislation, court cases, and maneuvering for position on all sides. On Wednesday, Florida Governor Jeb Bush filed a motion to have the state take custody of the brain damaged woman, citing the opinion of a state doctor who argued that Schiavo was not truly in a 'persistent vegetative state,' but rather in a state of 'minimal consciousness.' So what exactly is a persistent vegetative state? How does it differ from other conditions, such as coma? In this hour, we'll talk with neurologists about the condition, how it is diagnosed, and its medical prospects.

34. Persistent Vegetative State (March 25, 2005, Hour One) persistent vegetative state (March 25, 2005, Hour One) British Medical Journal, February 11, 1995 The persistent vegetative state http://www.sciencefriday.com/kids/sfkc20050325-2.html

Science Friday Making Science Radioactive With Host Ira Flatow Science Friday Home Page from National Public Radio with host Ira Flatow Science Friday Kids' Connection tm in association with Kidsnet Persistent Vegetative State (March 25, 2005, Hour One) Program Summary Guests Books/Articles Related Links and Resources ... show information Program Summary Terri Schiavo was alive, but was she living?  If she could express herself, what would she have wanted? The struggle between her husband and her parents over her rights, to live or to die, illuminates the legal, moral, and emotional difficulties involved in deciding to discontinue live-giving treatments.  It also focuses attention on the complexity of medically defining the state in which a brain-damaged human exists. The medical doctors on the March 25 show explain the differences between the terms that we have seen used in cases such as these (coma, persistent vegetative state, minimally conscious, awareness, wakefulness) and the types of brain damage that result in the conditions.  They also discuss the physical and technological tests used to diagnose each one. Guests James Bernat, professor of neurology at Dartmouth Medical School in Hanover, New Hampshire

35. CBC News Indepth: Terri Schiavo Awake but not aware a persistent vegetative state She received a medical diagnosis of persistent vegetative state by courtappointed doctors. http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/schiavo/vegetative_state.html

CBCCat = "Sports,News,Arts,Kids,Interactive"; Sports = "Hockey,Baseball,Football"; News = "Canada,World,SciTech,Local,Consumers,SpecialReports,Business"; Arts = "ArtsNews,Infoculture,Music,Books,ArtsFeatures"; Kids = "CBC4Kids,PreSchool,Teachers"; Interactive = "MessageBoards,Forums,Games,Media"; 10:25 AM EDT Sep 09 CBC is currently experiencing a labour disruption. Go to the official CBC negotiations site. View CBC's updated programming schedules. INDEPTH: TERRI SCHIAVO Awake but not aware: a persistent vegetative state A legal battle involving a severely brain-damaged Florida woman has drawn public attention to the medical condition known as "persistent vegetative state." Terri Schiavo gets a kiss from her mother, Mary Schindler, in this image taken from video and released by the Schindler family, August 2001. (AP Photo/Schindler family video) Terri Schiavo suffered severe brain damage in 1990 when her heart stopped temporarily. She received a medical diagnosis of "persistent vegetative state" by court-appointed doctors. Her husband and parents have fought in the courts over whether or not she should be kept alive through the use of a feeding tube. Patients in a persistent vegetative state, according to medical literature, have lost all brain function. They are awake, breathing on their own, but unaware of their surroundings or what is going on around them. Massive brain damage has destroyed their conscious minds.

36. Catholic Culture : Document Library : Persistent Vegetative State Catholic Document Library persistent vegetative state An article which briefly explains what is meant by the expression, a. http://www.catholicculture.org/docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=831

37. Catholic Culture : Document Library : Caring For Persons In The Persistent Veget Caring for Persons in the persistent vegetative state degrees) or sink into the persistent vegetative state, and it may take a long time, even months, http://www.catholicculture.org/docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=3481

38. Coma - Vegetative State Common causes of persistent vegetative state include severe head injury and oxygen A person in a persistent vegetative state has damage to the cerebral http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Coma_vegetative_s

39. Persistent Vegetative State (PVS) Some clinicians make a distinction between a persistent vegetative state and a Gastone, CG, persistent vegetative state Clinical and Ethical Issues, http://www.ascensionhealth.org/ethics/public/issues/persistent.asp

- Select - Advocacy AHV Ethics Finance HIPAA Leadership Dev Locations Newsroom Patient Safety Site Map Statistics Select a State AL AK AZ AR CA CO CT DC DE FL GA HI ID IL IN IA KS KY LA ME MD MA MI MN MS MO MT NE NV NH NJ NM NY NC ND OH OK OR PA PR RI SC SD TN TX UT VT VA WA WV WI WY Persistent Vegetative State (PVS) A vegetative state can be defined as "a clinical condition of unawareness of self and environment in which the patient breathes spontaneously, has a stable circulation, and shows cycles of eye closure and opening which may simulate sleep and waking" [Working Group of Royal College Physicians, "The Permanent Vegetative State," The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians 430 (1996): 119-21]. Since patients in such a state sometimes show behavior that could be interpreted as evidence of consciousness, the diagnosis is not always self-evident. Additionally, the condition of being in a vegetative state is similar to that of other conditions that involve the absence or partial absence of awareness of self and the environment, such as coma, locked-in syndrome and akinetic mutism. The Multi-Society Task Force on PVS (MSTF) has recommended the use of seven clinical criteria in making the diagnosis. It also has been suggested that these criteria be reviewed through neurologic examinations repeatedly. According to the MSTF and the American Neurological Association , the vegetative state has to have endured for at least one month in order for it to be considered persistent [The Multi-Society Task Force on PVS, "Medical Aspects of the Persistent Vegetative State,"

40. Neurologists: Terri Schiavo Not In Persistent Vegetative State Neurologists Terri Schiavo Not in persistent vegetative state two leading nuerologists say Terri is not in a persistent vegetative state. http://66.195.16.55/bio833.html

Enter your email address to receive news from LifeNews.com via email. Do you prefer to receive news daily or weekly? Daily Weekly Do you favor or oppose abortion? Favor Oppose Click here to make a PayPal donation to LifeNews.com! Neurologists: Terri Schiavo Not in Persistent Vegetative State Email this article Printer friendly page by Steven Ertelt LifeNews.com Editor March 23 Washington, DC (LifeNews.com) As Florida officials weigh whether or not to take Terri Schiavo into custody to investigate abuse and neglect allegations against her estranged husband, two leading nuerologists say Terri is not in a persistent vegetative state. Dr. Joseph Fins of New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center reviewed Schiavo's medical records for the Florida Department of Children and Familes. Dr. Fins indicated Terri's condition amy have been misdiagnosed and that she was more likely in a state of minimal consciousness rather than a PVS patient as courts and many media outlets have alleged.

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