21. EMedicine - Pellagra Article By Kumaravel Rajakumar, MD pellagra pellagra defines the systemic disease resulting from niacin deficiency. Don Gasper Casal, a Spanish court physician, first described http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

22. Eskind Biomedical Library: Historical Collection Mr. Carroll produced fortyone drawings of patients in pellagra hospitals inSpartanburg, Drawing 1 pellagra Patient, Georgia State Sanitarium, 1919 http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/biolib/hc/pellagra.html

Pellagra Drawings D uring the summer of 1919, a talented young artist, John Carroll was assigned to Dr. Joseph Goldberger's pellagra study , sponsored by the U.S. Department of Public Health. Mr. Carroll produced forty-one drawings of patients in pellagra hospitals in Spartanburg, South Carolina and Milledgeville, Georgia. The drawings are mixed media, watercolor, pen-and ink, and pencil and are on Bristol board, 14 1/2 by 19 inches. The dates of the drawings cover the relatively short period from May 18 to August 7, 1919. Clinical notes written by Dr. William F. Tanner, Dr. Goldberger's associate, accompany each painting and include the patient's name, case number and description of his or her condition. The artist, John Carroll (1892-1959), began painting when he was eleven years old, studying at the Mark Hopkins Institute in San Francisco and later with Frank Duveneck in Cincinnati. During World War I, Carroll joined the Navy and was sent to France to make lithographs for the Navy Department. Being in his own words, "stone broke" at the time of his discharge from the Navy, he took the temporary position with Dr. Goldberger in Spartanburg and Milledgeville. John Carroll was not a career medical illustrator. He made no other such drawings but quickly gained a reputation as a talented young artist and portrait painter. Drawing 1: Pellagra Patient, Georgia State Sanitarium, 1919

23. How The Vitamins For Preventing Scurvy, Beriberi, And Pellagra The mortality is high. pellagra involves the nervous system, the digestive tract, and skin. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

24. Pellagra pellagra is a disorder brought on by a deficiency of the nutrient called niacinor nicotinic acid, one of the Bcomplex vitamins. http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/pellagra.jsp

25. ► Pellagra A medical encycopedia article on the topic pellagra. http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/000342.htm

var MenuLinkedBy='AllWebMenus [2]', awmBN='530'; awmAltUrl=''; Disease Nutrition Surgery Symptoms Injury ... Encyclopedia (English) Toggle English Spanish Pellagra Overview Symptoms Treatment Prevention Definition: A disease caused by a deficient diet or failure of the body to absorb niacin (one of the B complex vitamins ) or an amino acid ( tryptophan ). Common in certain parts of the world (in people consuming large quantities of corn), the disease is characterized by scaly skin sores, diarrhea , mucosal changes, and mental symptoms (especially a schizophrenia-like dementia ). It may develop after gastrointestinal diseases or alcoholism Alternative Names: Vitamin deficiency - niacin; Deficiency - niacin Food guide pyramid Review Date: 10/4/2001 Reviewed By: Victoria Kennedy, RN, A.D.A.M. editorial.

26. Pellagra pellagra (vitamin B3 or niacin deficiency). DermNet NZAuthoritative facts about the skin from the New Zealand Dermatological Society. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0838092.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 9, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Back to School Hurricane Katrina Daylight Saving Time Hispanic Heritage Month ... Mississippi Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips google_ad_client = 'pub-1894504138907931'; google_ad_width = 120; google_ad_height = 240; google_ad_format = '120x240_as'; google_ad_type = 'text'; google_ad_channel =''; google_color_border = ['336699','B4D0DC','DFF2FD','B0E0E6']; google_color_bg = ['FFFFFF','ECF8FF','DFF2FD','FFFFFF']; google_color_link = ['0000FF','0000CC','0000CC','000000']; google_color_url = ['008000','008000','008000','336699']; google_color_text = ['000000','6F6F6F','000000','333333']; Encyclopedia pellagra [p u u Pronunciation Key pellagra , deficiency disease due to a lack of niacin (nicotinic acid), one of the components of the B complex vitamins in the diet. Niacin is plentiful in yeast, organ meats, peanuts, and wheat germ. The disease manifests itself in lesions of the skin and mucous membrane, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms, neurological derangement, and mental confusion. It is most common in areas where the diet consists mainly of corn, which, unlike other grains, lacks niacin as well as the amino acid tryptophan, which the body uses to synthesize the vitamin. Treatment includes large doses of niacin and the institution of a proper diet to prevent recurrences.

27. Pellagra Definition - Medical Dictionary Definitions Of Popular Medical Terms Online Medical Dictionary and glossary with medical definitions. http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4821

28. Pellagra tryptophan deficiency; folic acid deficiency; carcinoma; isoniazid. Synonyms.niacin deficiency disease. ICD9-CM 265.2 pellagra http://www.5mcc.com/Assets/SUMMARY/TP0669.html

Pellagra DESCRIPTION: Clinical deficiency syndrome. Characteristics - dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, inflammation of mucus membranes. Skin lesions appear in area exposed to light and/or trauma. Mental symptoms include depression, irritability, anxiety, confusion, disorientation, delusions and hallucinations. Usual course - progressive. Endemic areas - Southern USA. CAUSES: nicotinic acid deficiency tryptophan deficiency folic acid deficiency carcinoma isoniazid Synonyms: niacin deficiency disease ICD-9-CM: 265.2 pellagra Author(s): Mark R. Dambro, MD

29. AllRefer Health - Pellagra (Deficiency - Niacin, Vitamin Deficiency - Niacin) pellagra (Deficiency Niacin, Vitamin Deficiency - Niacin) information center. http://health.allrefer.com/health/pellagra-info.html

AllRefer Channels :: Yellow Pages Reference Health Home ... Contact Us Quick Jump ADD/ADHD Allergies Alzheimer's Disease Arthritis Asthma Back Pain Breast Cancer Cancer Colon Cancer Depression Diabetes Gallbladder Disease Heart Attack Hepatitis High Cholesterol HIV/AIDS Hypertension Lung Cancer Menopause Migraines/Headaches Osteoporosis Pneumonia Prostate Cancer SARS Stroke Urinary Tract Infection 1600+ More Conditions Alternative Medicine Health News Symptoms Guide Special Topics ... Medical Encyclopedia Web health.allrefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Health Pellagra Alternate Names : Deficiency - Niacin, Vitamin Deficiency - Niacin Definition Pellagra is a disease that occurs when a person does not get enough niacin (one of the B complex vitamins) or tryptophan (an amino acid) in their diet. It can also occur if the body fails to absorb these nutrients. The disease is common in certain parts of the world (in people consuming large quantities of corn). It is characterized by scaly skin sores, diarrhea, inflamed mucous membranes, and mental confusion and delusions. It may develop after gastrointestinal diseases or alcoholism. Food Guide Pyramid Review Date : 4/26/2003 From Our Sponsors: A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's

30. Pellagra CHC Wausau Hospital s Medical Library and Patient Education Center providesresearch services and healthcare information to physicians, http://www.chclibrary.org/micromed/00060110.html

Main Search Index Definition Description Causes ... Resources Pellagra Definition Pellagra is a disorder brought on by a deficiency of the nutrient called niacin or nicotinic acid, one of the B-complex vitamins Description Nicotinic acid plays a crucial role in the cellular process called "respiration." Respiration is the process by which nutrients (specifically sugar, or glucose) and oxygen are taken in, chemical reactions take place, energy is produced and stored, and carbon monoxide and wastes are given off. This process is absolutely central to basic cell functioning, and thus the functioning of the body as a whole. Niacin is a B vitamin which is found in such foods as yeast, liver, meat, fish, whole-grain cereals and breads, and legumes. Niacin can also be produced within the body from the essential amino acid called tryptophan. Dietary requirements for niacin depend on the age, gender, size, and activity level of the individual. Niacin requirements range from 5 mg in infants up to 20 mg in certain adults. Pellagra can be either primary or secondary. Primary pellagra results when the diet is extremely deficient in niacin-rich foods. A classic example occurs in geographic locations where Indian corn (maize) is the dietary staple. Maize does contain niacin, but in a form which cannot be absorbed from the intestine (except when it has been treated with alkali, as happens in the preparation of tortillas). People who rely on maize as their major food source often suffer from pellagra. Pellagra can also occur when a hospitalized patient, unable to eat for a very prolonged period of time, is given fluids devoid of vitamins through a needle in the vein (intravenous or IV fluids).

31. The Origins Of Maize: The Puzzle Of Pellagra resulted in a devastating nutrientdeficiency disease called pellagra.The causation of pellagra posed a medical puzzle for centuries until twentieth http://www.eufic.org/gb/food/pag/food30/food303.htm

Homepage Who are we? Archive Links ... Archive Search: Advanced search Glossary FoodToday Articles See previous issues The origins of maize: the puzzle of pellagra The spread of maize as a staple food from the fifteenth century resulted in a devastating nutrient-deficiency disease called pellagra. The causation of pellagra posed a medical puzzle for centuries until twentieth century scientists unravelled the mystery. The spread of maize Columbus discovered maize in the New World in 1492 and brought it back to Spain, from where it spread throughout Europe, to North Africa, the Middle East, India and China. Maize (Zea mays, or corn as it is known in some countries) is the only cereal crop that has an American origin and which is now a principal cereal crop in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. The increasing use of maize as a staple food reflected the much higher yields per hectare, compared with wheat, rye and barley. Because maize was cheap, it became the dominant food and main source of dietary energy and protein for poor people, particularly those in rural and underprivileged segments of society. Pellagra or "the sour skin" disease Unfortunately, wherever maize went, a disease called "pellagra" was sure to follow. The connection between maize and pellagra was first described by Casal in Spain in 1735.When it became an endemic disease in northern Italy, Francesco Frapoli of Milan named it 'pelle agra" (pelle, skin; agra, sour). Clinically, the disease is identified by the three Ds-dermatitis, diarrhoea and dementia-and if untreated, pellagra typically leads to death in four or five years.

32. Le Origini Del Mais: L’Enigma Della Pellagra Translate this page l’insorgere di una devastante malattia da carenza nutrizionale chiamata pellagra.La causa della pellagra pose per secoli un enigma medico fino a quando http://www.eufic.org/it/food/pag/food30/food303.htm

Home Chi siamo? Archivio Food Today Link utili ... Archivio Food Today Cerca in questo sito : Ricerca avanzata Glossario Articoli Food Today Consulta l'archivio Le Origini del Mais: l’Enigma della Pellagra La diffusione del mais Pellagra Per anni la scarsa conoscenza medica e il sospetto che la pellagra fosse causata da qualche ipotetica tossina contenuta nel mais o che fosse il risultato di agenti contagiosi o di una condizione genetica, portarono a grandi epidemie di pellagra in Europa e negli Stati Uniti. Pellagra e vampiri? Referenze Hampl, J. S. and Hampl, W. S. (1997) Pellagra and the origin of a myth: evidence from European literature and folklore. J. Roy. Soc. Med. 90 636-639 Latham, M. C. (1973) A historical perspective. In Nutrition, National Development and Planning. Edited by Berg, A., Scrimshaw, N. S. and Call, D. A. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 313-328 EUFIC News: Per ricevere regolari aggiornamenti su sicurezza alimentare, sana alimentazione e corretto stile di vita , modificare o cancellare l’iscrizione, inserisci qui il tuo indirizzo e-mail EUFIC Review e leaflet Inizio pagina Home Chi siamo?

33. Pellagra: Definition And Much More From Answers.com pel·lag·ra ( p?lag r?, -la gr?, -lä ) n. A disease caused by a deficiencyof niacin and protein in the diet and characterized by skin. http://www.answers.com/topic/pellagra

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Dictionary Encyclopedia Medical WordNet Wikipedia Translations Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping pellagra Dictionary pel·lag·ra pə-lăg rə, -lā grə, -l¤ n. A disease caused by a deficiency of niacin and protein in the diet and characterized by skin eruptions, digestive and nervous system disturbances, and eventual mental deterioration. [Italian : pelle , skin (from Latin pellis -agra , a seizure (from Latin, from Greek -agrā , from agrā , a seizing).] pel·lag rous adj. Encyclopedia pellagra pəlăg rə ) , deficiency disease due to a lack of niacin (nicotinic acid), one of the components of the B complex vitamins in the diet. Niacin is plentiful in yeast, organ meats, peanuts, and wheat germ. The disease manifests itself in lesions of the skin and mucous membrane, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms, neurological derangement, and mental confusion. It is most common in areas where the diet consists mainly of corn, which, unlike other grains, lacks niacin as well as the amino acid tryptophan, which the body uses to synthesize the vitamin. Treatment includes large doses of niacin and the institution of a proper diet to prevent recurrences. Bibliography See D. A. Roe

34. Prevention's Healing With Vitamins Pellagra When pellagrafree prisoners agreed to eat nothing but sow bellies, To eliminatelingering doubts that pellagra might be an infectious disease, http://www.mothernature.com/Library/Bookshelf/Books/10/94.cfm

New customer? Sign Up Current customer? Log In Home Vitamins Minerals ... Learning Center Search Products Library Ways To Shop Brands Health Concern Departments Free Catalog MotherNature.com's Best-of-the-Best Natural Products Catalog Is Here! Click Here to Get Your Free Copy Today. Chapter List For: Prevention's Healing with Vitamins: Beta-Carotene Biotin Calcium Drugs Can Sabotage Your Nutrition ... Prevention's Healing with Vitamins From the Rodale book, Prevention's Healing with Vitamins: Pellagra Decoding a Turn-of-the-Century Mystery O ffer someone sow bellies and cornmeal grits for dinner tonight, and you'll probably find yourself eating alone. But in the deep South less than 100 years ago, these foods were the staple diet that's thought to have caused an outbreak of a niacin-deficiency disease called pellagra. Characterized by a progressive decline that often starts with itchy, red skin, moves on to diarrhea and depression and ends in death, pellagra afflicted more than 100,000 people in 1914. "The incidence was of such alarming proportions that the U.S. Surgeon General called for a special investigation of 'one the knottiest and most urgent problems of the present time,' " says Marvin Davis, Ph.D., chairman of the Department of Pharmacology at the University of Mississippi at Oxford.

35. Pellagra. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 pellagra. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 200105. http://www.bartleby.com/65/pe/pellagra.html

36. Pellagra Medical Information pellagra Information from Drugs.com. pellagra is a disease that occurs whena person does not get enough niacin (one of the B complex vitamins) or http://www.drugs.com/enc/pellagra.html

Home New Drugs Latest News Drug Interactions ... Forum Drugs.com - prescription drug and medicine information available on over 24,000 approved- medications and pharmaceuticals, including side effects and drug interactions. Log-in Register Advertisement Buy a Link Now Special Offers From our sponsors Categories Diabetes Gastro Center Weight Loss AIDS/HIV ... Sexual Health Advertisement Advanced Search Or click the first letter of a drug name: A B C D ... Z Pellagra Injury Disease Nutrition Poison ... Food guide pyramid Pellagra Definition Pellagra is a disease that occurs when a person does not get enough niacin (one of the B complex vitamins) or tryptophan (an amino acid) in their diet. It can also occur if the body fails to absorb these nutrients. The disease is common in certain parts of the world (in people consuming large quantities of corn). It is characterized by scaly skin sores, diarrhea, inflamed mucous membranes, and mental confusion and delusions. It may develop after gastrointestinal diseases or alcoholism. Alternative Names Vitamin deficiency - niacin; Deficiency - niacin

37. Pellagra The conquest of pellagra is commonly associated with a single name, However,the standard version of pellagra shortchanges the contributions of many http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/him/pellagra.cfm

[ Skip Navigation ] Health System Home For Health Answers Healthcare Professionals ... Advanced Search Health System Search Search for Information People UVa Home Health System News Health System Events (all) Health System Publications ... Site Index Site Search Search this site: The Conquest of Pellagra 27 April 2005 In 1907, pellagra was first recognized to be an endemic problem in the United States by George H. Searcy and his colleagues at the Alabama Institute for Negroes in Mount Vernon, Alabama, wh o reported 88 cases with 57 deaths. Shortly thereafter and independently, James Woods Babcock (1856-1922), director of the South Carolina State Hospital for the Insane, likewise recognized the disease and traveled to Italy, where he confirmed pellagra was in the United States was the same as pellagra seen there. Babcock convened, and was elected president, of a National Association for the Study of Pellagra, which came to involve the efforts of numerous physicians and public health workers throughout the United States. Babcock is commonly credited with doing more than anyone else to publicize pellagra as a public health problem throughout the United States, especially

38. How The Vitamins For Preventing Scurvy, Beriberi, And Pellagra Were Discovered. A story of a scurvy sailor who ate grass, and lived Scottish surgeon Dr.James Lind. Did the grass contain something? http://www.luminet.net/~wenonah/new/howfindv.htm

How Vitamins were Discovered H O H NO The Dreaded "Scurvy Infection". The sailor's legs were so swollen that the man could not walk. His captain, hoping to stop the spread of the dreaded "scurvy infection," put the man ashore on a desolate Atlantic island. The poor wretch was bound to die, the captain felt, but perhaps the rest of the crew could thus be saved. The story of the sailor who "ate grass, like a beast and lived" was of great interest to a Scottish surgeon Dr. James Lind. Having been with the British fleet, he was aware of the thousands of seamen who died yearly with scurvy. Lind's question was, Did the grass contain something that the man's normal diet did not? Was there a connection between scurvy and diet? Deciding to experiment, Lind became responsible for an important chapter in the story of "how they found your vitamins." Not that Dr. Lind was looking for a vitamin. The word was unheard of before 1911. The discovery of most vitamins was really accidental in that the researchers were attacking specific diseases, not studying foods or nutrition. Further, this story has no one hero, but involves the efforts of men from many countries. These pioneers frequently did not benefit from one another's discoveries, as they lacked the benefits of modern communications. Yet, sometimes, despite the scorn of contemporary doctors and scientists, the efforts of these men constitute a story of courage, perseverance and eventual success.

39. Pellagra - Definition Of Pellagra By The Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus And E Definition of pellagra in the Online Dictionary. Meaning of pellagra. What doespellagra mean? pellagra synonyms, pellagra antonyms. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/pellagra

Domain='thefreedictionary.com' word='pellagra' Your help is needed: American Red Cross The Salvation Army join mailing list webmaster tools Word (phrase): Word Starts with Ends with Definition subscription: Dictionary/ thesaurus Computing dictionary Medical dictionary Legal dictionary Financial dictionary Acronyms Columbia encyclopedia Wikipedia encyclopedia ... encyclopedia pellagra Also found in: Medical Columbia Wikipedia Hutchinson 0.01 sec. Page tools Printer friendly Cite / link Email Feedback pel·lag·ra (p -l g r , -l gr , -lä n. A disease caused by a deficiency of niacin and protein in the diet and characterized by skin eruptions, digestive and nervous system disturbances, and eventual mental deterioration. [Italian : pelle skin (from Latin pellis ; see pel- in Indo-European roots) + -agra a seizure (from Latin, from Greek -agr , from agr a seizing ; see ag- in Indo-European roots).] pel·lag rous adj. Thesaurus Legend: Synonyms Related Words Antonyms Noun pellagra - a disease caused by deficiency of niacin or tryptophan (or by a defect in the metabolic conversion of tryptophan to niacin); characterized by gastrointestinal disturbances and erythema and nervous or mental disorders; may be caused by malnutrition or alcoholism or other nutritional impairments Alpine scurvy maidism mal de la rosa mal rosso ... hypovitaminosis - any of several diseases caused by deficiency of one or more vitamins Mentioned in References in classic literature avitaminosis niacin Pellagrous No references found Dictionary/thesaurus browser

40. Consequences Of Eugenics The Contested Etiology Of Pellagra -- Niacin The Cure Early stages of a niacin deficiency include symptoms like muscle weakness,anorexia, indigestion, and skin eruptions. pellagra is the name given to a more http://www.oralchelation.com/ingred/B3.htm

Life Glow Plus Super Life Glow Life Glow Basic Bone Dense Calcium ... Separate Search Page or search below Navigation Help Karl Loren Background Ingredients Technical Write To Karl Loren ... Table Of Contents Consequences of Eugenics The Contested Etiology of Pellagra Niacin The Cure Also At Early stages of a niacin deficiency include symptoms like muscle weakness, anorexia, indigestion, and skin eruptions. Pellagra is the name given to a more severe deficiency of niacin and was first described when corn was introduced as a major dietary component in the early 1700's. This was common in the southern US in the early 1900's. In 1937 at the University of Wisconsin, Elvehjem first demonstrated that nicotinic acid cures pellagra. This usually results from diets lacking enough protein or not enough niacin. Symptoms of a niacin deficiency initiate with weakness, indigestion, and lack of appetite. As the deficiency worsens symptoms progress to the 3 D's: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia. Pellagra can also eventually lead to death if not treated. ( source Source Pellagra described in 1753 by a Spanish physician as mal de la rosa "a kind of leprosy," caused by humid air, foul wind, and faulty diet.

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