21. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Pectus Excavatum pectus excavatum is the descriptive term for an abnormal formation of the rib pectus excavatum is a congenital abnormality that can be mild or severe. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003320.htm

@import url(/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Pectus excavatum Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Considerations ... What to expect at your health care provider's office Illustrations Pectus excavatum Ribcage Pectus excavatum repair - series Alternative names Return to top Funnel chest Definition Return to top Pectus excavatum is the descriptive term for an abnormal formation of the rib cage, in which the distance from the breastbone (sternum) to the backbone (vertebrae) is decreased, giving the chest a caved-in or sunken appearance. Considerations Return to top Pectus excavatum is a congenital abnormality that can be mild or severe. The child typically has a depression in the center of the chest over the sternum, and this may appear quite deep. It is caused by excessive growth of the costosternal cartilage (the connective tissue joining the ribs to the breastbone), which causes an inward deformity of the sternum. If pectus excavatum is severe, it may affect the heart and lungs, making exercise difficult. Also, the appearance of the chest may cause psychological difficulty for the child.

22. Pectus Excavatum - Genetic And Nutritional Factors Reviews nutrition as a factor in pectus excavatum. Reviews pectus excavatum as a feature of rickets and connective tissue disorders. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

23. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Pectus Excavatum pectus excavatum is a condition in which the breast bone (sternum) appears However, some syndromes include pectus excavatum. Update Date 1/17/2004 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/2927.htm

@import url(/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Pectus excavatum Pectus excavatum is a condition in which the "breast bone" (sternum) appears sunken and the chest concave. It is sometimes called "funnel chest". The majority of these cases are not associated with any other condition (isolated findings). However, some syndromes include pectus excavatum. Update Date: 1/17/2004 Updated by: Michael Lehrer, M.D., Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Home Health Topics Drug Information Encyclopedia ... U.S. National Library of Medicine , 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894 National Institutes of Health Page last updated: 18 August 2005

24. EMedicine - Pectus Excavatum : Article By Andre Hebra, MD Article from eMedicine. http://www.emedicine.com/PED/topic2558.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Pediatrics Pulmonology Pectus Excavatum Last Updated: April 12, 2005 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: sunken chest, congenital chest wall deformity, pectus, Marfan syndrome Poland syndrome , minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum, MIRPE, Nuss technique, open Ravitch technique for repair of pectus excavatum mitral valve prolapse scoliosis carinatum , pectus posture AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Andre Hebra, MD , Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, University of South Florida School of Medicine; Director, Minimally Invasive Pediatric Surgery Program, Chief of Surgery, All Children's Hospital Andre Hebra, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha American Academy of Pediatrics American College of Surgeons American Medical Association ... Southeastern Surgical Congress , and Southern Medical Association Editor(s): Girish Sharma, MD

25. Orthopectus - Dr. Sydney A. Haje, Ortopedista Cl nica especializada no tratamento das deformidades tor cicas Pectus Carinatum e pectus excavatum, tamb m conhecidas como "Peitode http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

26. CHKD Nuss Procedure For Pectus Excavatum More Health Information. Site Search. The Nuss Procedure for pectus excavatum. Welcome to the Home of the Nuss Procedure for pectus excavatum http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

27. Virtual Hospital: The International Thoracic Teaching Resource: Congenital: Pect It is generally believed that pectus excavatum results from a genetically The Chest radiograph of the patients with pectus excavatum sometimes shows http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/radiology/ITTR/PectusExcavatum/PectusEx.html

The International Thoracic Teaching Resource: Congenital Pectus excavatum Jeffrey R. Galvin, M.D.; Michael P. D'Alessandro, M.D.; Yasayuki Kurihara, M.D. Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed Clinical Sx: A common deformity of the sternum, also known as "funnel chest". The anteroposterior diameter of the chest is foreshortened by the depressed sternum. The majority of the patients are free of symptom. The incidence in the general population is 0.13-0.4%. Etiology/Pathophysiology: It is generally believed that pectus excavatum results from a genetically determined abnormality of the sternum and related portion of the diaphragm. Pathology: Miscellaneous: Imaging: The Chest radiograph of the patients with pectus excavatum sometimes shows several interesting radiologic findings which might result in misinterpretation. They are as follows: (1) Increased opacity in the right inferomedial lung field with obscuration of the right heart border mimicking atelectasis or pneumonia of the right middle lobe. (2) Leftward displacement of the heart with an upturned apex simulating right -sided ventricular hypertrophy.

28. Virtual Children's Hospital: Department Of Pediatrics: Pectus Excavatum Although the exact cause of pectus excavatum is unknown, 46 percent of In addition pectus excavatum tends to affect males more often than females. http://www.vh.org/pediatric/patient/surgery/pectusexcavatum/

Pectus Excavatum: Frequently Asked Questions Harold M. Burkhart, M.D. and Joan Ricks-McGillin, R.N., B.S.N. First Published: June 2004 Last Revised: June 2004 Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed What is pectus excavatum? Pectus excavatum, sometimes referred to as "funnel chest," is the most common congenital chest wall deformity. It is felt to be secondary to abnormal growth of the costal cartilages between the breastbone (sternum) and ribs. The abnormal growth of the cartilages causes the breastbone to appear sunken or, on some occasions, rotate to one side or the other. It usually involves the middle lower portion of the sternum and may worsen as the child grows. What causes pectus excavatum? Although the exact cause of pectus excavatum is unknown, 46 percent of patients have a family history of pectus excavatum. In addition pectus excavatum tends to affect males more often than females. This suggests that there are some genetic factors involved with pectus excavatum including male gender. Overall the incidence of pectus excavatum is reported to be 1 in 1000. What problems does pectus excavatum cause?

29. AllRefer Health - Pectus Excavatum (Funnel Chest) pectus excavatum (Funnel Chest) information center covers causes, symptoms, expectations, home care, signs of concern, and treatment. http://health.allrefer.com/health/pectus-excavatum-info.html

AllRefer Channels :: Yellow Pages Reference Health Home ... Contact Us Quick Jump Abdominal Pain Anxiety Blood in Urine Blood Pressure, High Blood Pressure, Low Breast Lump Chest Pain Constipation Depression Diarrhea Dizziness Dry Skin Fatigue Hair Loss Headache Heartburn Incontinence Indigestion Insomnia (Sleeping Difficulty) Low Back Pain Menstrual Periods, Abnormal Obesity Red Eye Seizures Skin Rash Sore Throat Swelling Urinary Frequency/Urgency Weakness 300+ More Symptoms Topics Alternative Medicine Health News Symptoms Guide Special Topics ... Medical Encyclopedia Web health.allrefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Health Medical Symptoms Guide Pectus Excavatum Pectus Excavatum Definition Common Causes Call your Health Care Provider if What to Expect at your Health Care Provider's Office ... Go To Main Page Alternate Names : Funnel Chest Definition The descriptive term for an abnormal formation of the rib cage where the distance from the breastbone (sternum) to the backbone (vertebrae) is decreased, resulting in a caved-in or sunken chest appearance. Pectus Excavatum Ribcage Pectus Excavatum Repair - Series Pectus excavatum is a congenital abnormality that can be mild or fairly marked. The child typically has a depression in the center of the chest over the sternum, and this may appear quite deep. It is caused by excessive growth of the costosternal cartilage (the connective tissue joining the ribs to the breastbone), with resulting inward deformity of the sternum.

30. AllRefer Health - Pectus Excavatum Repair (Chest Deformity Repair, Funnel Chest pectus excavatum Repair (Chest Deformity Repair, Funnel Chest Repair) information center covers description, indications, risks, convalescence, recovery, http://health.allrefer.com/health/pectus-excavatum-repair-info.html

AllRefer Channels :: Yellow Pages Reference Health Home ... Contact Us Quick Jump Abdominal Exploration Abdominoplasty (Tummy Tuck) Abortion ACL Reconstruction Adenoid Removal Angioplasty Appendectomy Bone Fracture Repair Breast Lump Removal Bunion Removal C-Section Carotid Artery Surgery Cataract Surgery Cosmetic Breast Surgery D and C Facelift Gallbladder Removal Gastric Bypass Heart Bypass Surgery Hemorrhoid Surgery Hernia Repair Hip Joint Replacement Kidney Transplant Knee Arthroscopy Knee Joint Replacement LASIK Eye Surgery Liposuction Mastectomy Prostate Removal Tonsillectomy Vasectomy 100+ More Surgery Topics Alternative Medicine Health News Symptoms Guide Special Topics ... Medical Encyclopedia Web health.allrefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Health Pectus Excavatum Repair Pectus Excavatum Repair Definition Indications Expectations after Surgery Risks ... Go To Main Page Alternate Names : Chest Deformity Repair, Funnel Chest Repair Definition Surgery to correct pectus excavatum , a deformity of the front of the chest wall with depressed breastbone (sternum) and ribs. Pectus Excavatum Pectus Excavatum Repair - Series There are various surgical approaches for treating this condition. In the most commonly used approach, while the child is deep asleep and pain-free (using general anesthesia), an incision is made over the sternum. The deformed cartilages are removed and the rib lining is left in place to allow the cartilages to regrow.

31. Pectus Excavatum And Carinatum In addition to the unattractive appearance, pectus excavatum usually displaces the heart into the left chest and limits full lung expansion. http://pediatric.um-surgery.org/new_070198/new/Library/Pectus Excavatum and Cari

Pectus Excavatum and Carinatum What are pectus deformities? Approximately one in every 600 persons have an abnormal overgrowth of the lower costal cartilages between the ribs and sternum which pushes the sternum inward (excavatum) (85%) or outward (carinatum) (15%). Persons with excavatum also often have a narrow chest. The scar seen on the right is what is used with an open approach to the defect. What problems do pectus deformities cause? In addition to the unattractive appearance, pectus excavatum usually displaces the heart into the left chest and limits full lung expansion. Importantly, pectus deformities, in the vast majority of cases, cause no physical or medical problem. However, an occasional child may experience considerable decrease in stamina and endurance during exercise, with shortness of breath. Occasionally, a child may experience pain or discomfort in the lower chest. Will the pectus deformity improve with time? Pectus deformities usually become more severe during adolescent growth years and remain the same after age 18 years throughout life. Body building exercises will not alter the ribs and cartilage of the chest wall. Pectus deformity repair Conventional Approach: The surgical technique for repair has improved greatly during the past 25 years. The abnormal three to five cartilages on each side of the lower chest are removed while carefully preserving the covering periosteum. The sternum is elevated to the desired position and is supported by a thin metal bar that is attached to a rib on each side. The periosteum will form new cartilage and become solid in the normal position over a several weeks. The hospital stay averages 3 days. Blood transfusions are very rarely necessary. Most patients return to school or work within 2 weeks. Heavy physical activity is limited for 2 to 3 months. The sternal bar is removed on an out-patient basis in 6 months. Thereafter, the patient may participate in vigorous physical activities, including body contact sports. This conventional approach has excellent cosmetic results and a very good long-term follow up shows a sustained repair in most children.

32. Pectus Ireland: The Irish Site For PE And PC Sufferers Information website for pectus excavatum and Pectus Carinthium 'afflictees' in Ireland and the UK. http://www.pectusireland.pro.ie

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33. University Of Chicago Hospitals: Minimally Invasive Procedure Helps Patients Wit pectus excavatum is a congenital malformation of the chest cavity. Conventional surgery for pectus excavatum required the breastbone to be broken and http://www.uchospitals.edu/news/2002/20021213-mis.html

@import "/css/style.css"; Home About the Hospitals Donate or Volunteer Contact Us ... 2002 Press Releases Minimally invasive procedure helps patients with chest deformity December 13, 2002 A new minimally invasive procedure offers patients suffering from pectus excavatumcommonly known as funnel chestbetter results than conventional surgery. In the Chicago area, the procedure is being performed at the University of Chicago Children's Hospital (UCCH). Pectus excavatum is a congenital malformation of the chest cavity. Thousands of children suffer from it. Patients with this deformity experience shortness of breath, the result of compressed lungs. Conventional surgery for pectus excavatum required the breastbone to be broken and repositioned. A short bar was then wired to the ribs. Patients were left with a large chest scar. It took weeks to recover from the surgery. Postoperative complications, such as a stiff chest, were common. Now, UCCH offers a new approach based on a technique known as the Nuss procedure. This minimally invasive surgery (MIS) requires only a one-inch incision made on each side of the chest. A thoracoscope and a surgical steel U-shaped bar are threaded underneath the rib cage. The bar is then rotated 180 degrees to move the chest into the normal position. Patients are released from the hospital within a few days with only small scars on their chest. Donald Liu, MD, chief of pediatric surgery at UCCH, performed the first Nuss procedures at UCCH last summer. Liu will perform the procedure on two more patients on Friday, Dec. 13, 2002.

34. Hope For Children With Chest Deformities pectus excavatum involves a deep depression of the anterior chest wall, usually involving the lower half to twothirds of the sternum (chest), with the most http://www.shrinershq.org/whatsnewarch/archives01/chest8-01.html

Home Shrine Shriners Hospitals Hospital Directory ... Next SEEKING HELP Hope for children with chest deformities For the past four years, church members have told Mariah Moreno that she has the voice of an angel. At age 8, she continues to amaze her audiences with her beautiful singing voice and confident stage presence. During her week-long recovery in the hospital, Mariah's teddy bear, Faith, was her constant companion, along with her parents, Mary and John Moreno. The most inspiring thing about Mariah is that she recently had corrective surgery for pectus excavatum (PE) at the Houston Shriners Hospital for Children . This condition is also known as "funnel chest" or "sunken chest" and is the most common congenital chest wall deformity. Born with a noticeable indentation in her chest, Mariah's parents were informed by her doctors that she would eventually grow out of it. By age 6, though, she began suffering from severe breathing problems and chest pains, and also began losing a patch of hair near her forehead. Doctors diagnosed it as asthma and alopecia (a disease causing permanent hair loss). "It seemed like everywhere we turned, our doctors would not address her chest defect," said Mary, Mariah's mother. "We were confident that her sunken chest was a real problem, and we prayed for a solution."

35. Flat Chest Kitten (FCK) Defect Cross sectional diagram of a pectus excavatum chest. In pectus excavatum, the chest cavity is narrower top to bottom as the sterum is displaced upward. http://www.catvet.homestead.com/FCK.html

@import url(/~media/elements/Text/font_styles.css); Home Flat Chest Kitten (FCK) Defect and Pectus Excavatum A number of chest wall deformities have been described in cats and dogs in the veterinary literature. In cats, the two most common are pectus excavatum ("funnel chest") and flat chest (FCK). There are over a dozen reports about pectus excavatum in the literature, including papers describing surgical correction, but very little about FCK. It is important to understand the difference between the two conditions so they can be identified correctly. Cross sectional diagram of a normal chest: The chest cavity is oval in shape, with the spinal column at the top and the sternum at the bottom. The black squares represent the costochondral junctions, the point where the cartilage portion of the rib attached to the sternum joins the boney portion of the rib attached to the spine. Cross sectional diagram of a pectus excavatum chest: In pectus excavatum, the chest cavity is narrower top to bottom as the sterum is displaced upward. In severe cases, the lack of space compresses the heart and lungs. Common signs in moderate to severely affected cats include exercise intolerance, trouble breathing, cough, weight loss or failure to gain weight. Cross sectional diagram of FCK: In FCK, the ribcage is angled sharply at the costochondral junction, causing the ventral part of the chest to be flattened. FCK varies from very mild to very severe and life-threatening. The condition is not apparent at birth, but becomes obvious within the first few weeks of life. Mildly affected kittens may appear perfectly normal as adults. Moderate to severely affected kittens will have difficulty breathing and poor weight gain. The worst affected kittens will die.

36. Do You Have Pectus Excavatum - Funnel Chest? Surgical correction of pectus excavatum or funnel chest can free one from having to wear loose clothing or feeling self conscious when shirtless. http://www.aaronstonemd.com/pectus.shtm

pectus excavatum funnel chest FAIL (the browser should render some flash content, not this). FAIL (the browser should render some flash content, not this). pectus excavatum - funnel chest Because of the great variablity of this congenital deformity among those who have it a custom made implant must be used. A plaster model is made of the deformity in the plastic surgeon's office. The model is then sent to the manufacturer who makes a custom silicone implant. Note that the abdomen appears to protrude due to the chest depression. After placement of the implant it appears to protrude less even though its position has not changed. The first picture after surgery is about a month after. The second was taken about a year after surgery and shows the additional benefit of an exercise program after surgery as well as the self confidence patients develop after successful correction of this problem. Correction of pectus deformity surgery can enhance your appearance and your self confidence. Realistic expectations are important to be happy with any surgery. As each patient is an individual, different results can be expected in each patient. Dr. Aaron Stone

37. Lorenz Surgical - Pectus Excavatum Corporate Info Site Map craniofacial oral maxillofacial pectus neurosurgical plastic surgery surgical instruments. http://www.lorenzsurgical.com/pectus.html

38. Pediatric [UCLA] In addition to the unattractive cosmetic appearance, pectus excavatum The surgical technique for repair of both pectus excavatum and carinatum has http://www.surgery.medsch.ucla.edu/pediatric/Clinical_Pectus Excavatum, Pectus C

Home Surgical Services Pediatric Surgery Clinical Services Pectus Excavatum, Pectus Carinatum and Pectus Program Director: Fonkalsrud, Eric W. M.D. Professor, and Emeritus Chief of Pediatric Surgery UCLA Medical Center Los Angeles CA 90095 efonkalsrud@mednet.ucla.edu Contact Phone Number Description of Clinical Program The following discussion regarding the surgical correction of pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum chest deformities is based on the experience from many reports in the medical literature and our own clinical experience with more than 850 patients during the past 30 years at the UCLA Medical Center. Many physicians have little knowledge or experience with this disorder and often indicate that it is primarily a cosmetic problem. What are pectus deformities? Approximately 1 in every 300 persons has a genetic disorder which causes an abnormal growth of 4 or more costal cartilages which extend between the sternum and the ribs laterally. The sternum is pushed inward (excavatum) (85%) or outward (carinatum) (15%). Persons with excavatum also often have a narrow chest from front to back. What problems do pectus deformities cause?

39. CHKD Nuss Procedure For Pectus Excavatum Welcome to the Home of the Nuss Procedure for pectus excavatum The Nuss Procedure to correct pectus excavatum in children was developed by pediatric http://www.chkd.org/pectus/default.asp

40. CHKD: Nuss Procedure For Pectus Excavatum Exercise CardioPulmonary Function in pectus excavatum For more information about pectus excavatum research at CHKD, contact Karen Mitchell at http://www.chkd.org/pectus/pectus_research.asp

More Health Information Adolescent Medicine Allergy/Immunology Anesthesiology Arthritis Burns Cardiology Craniofacial Dental Medicine Dermatology Developmental Peds Diabetes Digestive Ear, Nose, Throat Genetics Gastroenterology Growth Hematology High Risk Newborn High Risk Pregnancy Infectious Disease Mental Health Neonatology Nephrology Neurology Normal Newborn Normal Pregnancy Oncology Ophthalmology Orthopedics Otolaryngology Pediatric Intensive Care Pediatric Surgery Pediatrics Physical Medicine Plastic Surgery Respiratory/Pulmonology Rheumatology Safety Surgery Terminal Transplant Urology Site Search The Nuss Procedure for Pectus Excavatum Research and Education The following information outlines ongoing research, clinical trials and educational programs relating to pectus excavatum. Multicenter Study This prospective observational study of outcomes after the Nuss and Ravitch methods of correction of pectus excavatum collects information regarding the anatomy, physiology, psychology, and treatment of pectus excavatum. Anatomic defects are assessed by CT scan; physiologic data are collected by pulmonary function tests; psychologic effects are assessed by body image survey; and treatment is evaluated by monitoring of operative complications and postoperative results. Patients are tested both pre- and post-operatively. A major focus of the study is to document outcomes of repair regardless of method used. Twelve hospitals in the United States and Canada are participating in this study. The first patient was enrolled on August 30, 2001, and 279 subjects have been enrolled as of March 2004. A total of 360 subjects will be enrolled in the study.

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