81. UpToDate Patient Information: Acute Pancreatitis Acute pancreatitis refers to inflammation of the pancreas and is associated Several additional causes of acute pancreatitis have been described due to a http://patients.uptodate.com/frames.asp?page=topic.asp&file=digestiv/2957

82. Acute Pancreatitis Definition - Medical Dictionary Definitions Of Popular Medica Online Medical Dictionary and glossary with medical definitions. http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=16730

83. Emergency Medicine At NCEMI: Emergency Medicine And Primary Care Resources Ranson s criteria for pancreatitis mortality prediction Ranson s criteria for predicting mortality in pancreatitis. CITATION http://www.ncemi.org/cgi-ncemi/edecision.pl?TheCommand=Load&NewFile=ransons_crit

84. Home Page For Acute And Chronic Pancreatitis The center specializes in surgical treatment of severe acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. Specialized operations and laparoscopic treatment is http://www.surgery.usc.edu/divisions/tumor/pancreasdiseases/pancreatitis overvie

WHAT IS PANCREATITIS pancreatitis home page acute pancreatitis chronic pancreatitis pancreatic divisum Acute pancreatitis Acute pancreatitis is a condition that develops when the pancreas is damaged by an inflammation that leads to swelling and sometimes to necrosis (death) of parts of the pancreas. In about 85% of patients, acute pancreatitis is a mild disease and is associated with a rapid recovery within a few days of onset of the illness. In about 15-20% of patients, acute pancreatitis can lead to severe damage of the pancreas associated with the development of pancreatic necrosis (parts of the pancreas becomes dead). Development of pancreatic necrosis often lead to a severe illness associated with an extended hospital stay, multiple surgical procedures and occasionally death in some patients. Patients with severe acute pancreatitis are at risk for developing the following complications: Failure of multiple body organ systems such as the heart, lungs, liver and kidney

85. Learn About Pancreatitis - Diabetes Institute For Immunology And Transplantation Learn About pancreatitis Diabetes Institute for Immunology and Transplantation. http://www.diabetesinstitute.org/diabinst/learnpancreatitis.html

Return to: Medical School Academic Health Center myAHC U of M Home ... Home > Learn About Pancreatitis Learn About Pancreatitis Medical Publications Links There are about 80,000 cases of pancreatitis a year in the United States. Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that occurs when enzymes are activated within the organ and they start to digest the pancreas itself. There are two main types of pancreatitis: acute and chronic. About 90% of all cases of pancreatitis are acute; 10% are chronic. Acute Pancreatitis Acute pancreatitis is inflammation in the pancreas that comes on suddenly and results in severe abdominal pain. Pancreatic enzymes (amylase and lipase) that are normally secreted into the intestine by the pancreas become elevated in the blood, allowing the diagnosis to be made. Symptoms of acute pancreatitis include a swollen, tender abdomen accompanied by nausea, fever, and vomiting. If injury to the pancreas continues, chronic pancreatitis may result. When this occurs, the patient may have pain, secretion of digestive enzymes, and later insulin dysfunction. Common causes of acute pancreatitis include alcohol ingestion, gallstones getting stuck in the bile duct near the pancreas duct, trauma, infection, and drug reactions. In more than a third of cases, pancreatitis occurs in the absence of these or other known factors. It can also be hereditary and will afflict family members with no precipitating event.

86. Treatments For Pancreatitis - Diabetes Institute For Immunology And Transplantat Treatments for pancreatitis Diabetes Institute for Immunology and Transplantation. http://www.diabetesinstitute.org/diabinst/treatmentspancreatitis.html

Return to: Medical School Academic Health Center myAHC U of M Home ... Home > Treatments for Pancreatitis Treatments for Pancreatitis Pancreatectomy and Auto-Islet Transplant Acute Pancreatitis Treatments for acute pancreatitis include both supportive and surgical methods. Patients are given fluids to hydrate their body. They also may be given intravenous nutrition to rest their bowel. Antibiotics are taken and patients may also be on dialysis or a respirator. Surgical methods for treating acute pancreatitis include endoscopic interventions, removal of the gallbladder, or drainage of pseudocyst. Treatments for acute pancreatitis include therapy administered during hospitalization. In severe cases, the therapy may need to be administered in the intensive care unit. Most patients recover from the acute event and will not relapse if the original cause can be corrected (e.g. gallbladder removed if there are stones, refrain from alcohol for lifetime). A percentage of patients will go on to develop chronic pancreatitis with scarring in the pancreas and persistent pain. If analgesics are required to diminish the pain, than the patient is a candidate for endoscopic intervention to try to unblock scar tissue in the duct, or for surgical intervention, including partial or total pancreatectomy. A partial or total pancreatectomy may be needed to relieve pain, and in order to prevent diabetes that would result from removing the pancreas, an islet autograft could be performed as well. Chronic Pancreatitis

87. Acute Pancreatitis Because venous thrombosis may be a sequellae of acute pancreatitis, Interestingly, as in this case, some patients with acute pancreatitis show more http://brighamrad.harvard.edu/Cases/bwh/hcache/28/full.html

Acute Pancreatitis Faye C Laing, MD March 28, 1994 Presentation The patient presented with recurrent episodes of midepigastric pain. Imaging Findings Transverse Ultrasound Single transverse image shows that pancreatic echogenicity is within normal limits, but the gland is mildly enlarged. In addition, a complex fluid collection ( arrow ) lies anterior to the pancreas, and abnormal sonolucency ( arrow ) surrounds the splenic vein. Diagnosis Acute pancreatitis Discussion These sonographic findings are due to complications of acute pancreatitis with fluid in the lesser sac and perivascular inflammation surrounding the splenic vein. These vascular changes frequently extend into the superior mesenteric and/or portal veins. Because venous thrombosis may be a sequellae of acute pancreatitis, careful follow-up examinations (with color Doppler) should be done to look for this potential complication. Interestingly, as in this case, some patients with acute pancreatitis show more inflammatory changes outside of the gland than within the substance of the pancreas. Return to the Teaching Case Database search page Return to Professional Education About BrighamRAD Dear Visitors: Nothing on this World Wide Web site should be considered medical advice. Only your own doctor can help you make decisions about your medical care. It is not the policy of the Brigham and Women's Hospital Department of Radiology to provide consultation on the World Wide Web or via e-mail. If you have a specific medical question or are seeking medical care, please call the Brigham and Women's Hospital toll-free physician referral line at 1-800-294-9999.

88. Acute Pancreatitis In acute pancreatitis, the gland may be enlarged and have decreased In most cases of acute pancreatitis, however, the ultrasound examination is entirely http://brighamrad.harvard.edu/Cases/bwh/hcache/187/full.html

Acute Pancreatitis M Stephen Ledbetter, MD Donald DiSalvo, MD July 24, 1996 Presentation A 38-year-old woman presented with severe epigastric pain (radiating to her back), diarrhea, and foul smelling, yellow stools. Serum amylase and lipase were elevated. Imaging Findings Abdominal ultrasonography Sonographic images show pancreatic head enlargement at 5.4 cm ( arrow ), splenic vein edema along the body of the pancreas ( arrow ), and retroperitoneal fluid within the anterior pararenal space ( arrow ). Normal flow was detected in the splenic vein with color doppler and echogenicity of the pancreas was normal. Differential Diagnosis Pancreatic neoplasm Lymphoma Splenic vein thrombosis Posterior duodenal ulcer Pancreatitis Diagnosis Acute pancreatitis Discussion The normal pancreas measures approximately 3 cm at the head, 2 cm at the body, and 1 cm at the tail. In acute pancreatitis, the gland may be enlarged and have decreased echogenicity secondary to edema. In most cases of acute pancreatitis, however, the ultrasound examination is entirely normal. Splenic vein edema has been described as a secondary finding of acute pancreatitis. In chronic pancreatitis, the pancreas is decreased in size secondary to fibrosis, and the echogenicity is increased owing to fatty infiltration. Dystrophic calcifications and ductal dilatation are also hallmarks of chronic pancreatitis. References 1. Jeffrey RB, Laing FC, Wing, VW. Extrapancreatic spread of acute pancreatitis: New observations with real-time US. Radiology 1986; 159: 707-711.

89. Aidsmap | Pancreatitis Diseases of the pancreas or gall bladder can give rise to pancreatitis. There are several possible causes of pancreatitis, including. Alcohol. http://www.aidsmap.com/en/docs/ABE477C9-72CE-4315-AF8B-8DE0095A5837.asp

site map contact advanced search home ... about us Aidsmap Français Português Español YOU ARE HERE: Pancreatitis printer friendly version send to friend glossary comment Last updated: 04.07.05 previous next Causes ddI and pancreatitis ... References The pancreas is an organ which lies in the abdomen, behind the stomach. It plays an important role in the digestive system by producing enzymes which break down protein in food. These enzymes enter the small intestine through a tube which is also the route by which another digestive fluid, bile, passes from the gall bladder into the intestine. The pancreas also produces insulin, an enzyme that enables the body tissues to deal with glucose from the blood. Diseases of the pancreas or gall bladder can give rise to pancreatitis. This is a syndrome in which the pancreas becomes inflamed and the digestive enzymes leak into the abdominal cavity. There, the enzymes can start to cause severe inflammation and damage to the surrounding tissues. Causes There are several possible causes of pancreatitis, including: Alcohol. Heavy drinkers are particularly at risk from attacks of pancreatitis.

90. Pet Columns: Pancreatitis: The Other Stomachache Dogs are more likely to experience acute pancreatitis and cats the chronic form. Animals with pancreatitis behave as though they have a stomachache, http://www.cvm.uiuc.edu/petcolumns/showarticle.cfm?id=399

91. Pet Columns: Unbalanced Diet, Table Scraps Can Cause Pancreatitis In Dogs pancreatitis is one disease that emphasizes how important it is to feed your Once the pet is diagnosed with pancreatitis, the intestinal tract must be http://www.cvm.uiuc.edu/petcolumns/showarticle.cfm?id=260

92. Www.pancreas.org New update on the cause of chronic pancreatitis is published in Nature Clinical IAP Guidelines for the Surgical Management of Acute pancreatitis http://www.pancreas.org/

APA - American Pancreatic Association Annual Meeting November 3-4, 2005. NPF - APA Postgraduate Course on Inflammation and the Pancreas Free Pearls! Click below for your FREE copy of the Pancreas Education and Research Letter (PEaRL). The PEARL is a patient oriented research letter to inform individuals and interested friends and families about ongoing research studies in hereditary panceatitis, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, important news related to pancreatic problems in cysitc fibrosis, and the complications of pancreatic disease. PEARL will also highlight some of the major research and treatment centers that are leaders in pancreas research. The Editors of PEARL, Christina M. Chimera, MS and David C Whitcomb, MD PhD, hope that you enjoy PEARL and pass it on to interested friends. Volume One: Number One Volume One: Number Two Pancreatic Cancer Collaborative Registry (PCCR) PCCR is designed to unite centers with expertise in pancreatic cancer epidemiology, genetics, biology, early detection and patient care to facilitate rapid and uniform collection of critical information and biological samples to be used in developing prevention and treatment strategies against pancreatic cancer. The Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Genetic and Environmental Risk (PAGER) study at the University of Pittsburgh is the most recent major academic center to join this effort. For more information, please visit their web site at http://pccr.unmc.edu/index.cfm

93. Drug Watch: Antioxidant Therapy For Recurrent Pancreatitis [Jun 1994; 5-4] A monthly newsletter about evidencebased health care; top source for such information on the net. http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band5/b5-4.html

@import "../styles/advanced.css"; Skip navigation Drug Watch: Antioxidant Therapy for Recurrent Pancreatitis There is little to offer patients with recurrent pancreatitis in way of treatment. These patients suffer considerable pain, and about the only measure that will guarantee long-term pain relief is near-total pancreatectomy - which carries the penalties of malabsorption and brittle diabetes. Though the number of patients with chronic pancreatitis will be small across the UK, there may be pockets of relatively high prevalence, largely in deprived areas. These patients will consume significant amounts of health service resources - even more if near-total pancreatectomy is carried out. Any therapy which can be shown to be effective in chronic pancreatitis will therefore have an impact on healthcare provision. Causes of pancreatitis There is accumulating evidence that oxidant stress resulting from an excess of pro-oxidant over antioxidant has a key role in acute oedematous pancreatitis as well as painful exacerbations of chronic disease. Cytokines like platelet activation factor (PAF) have also been shown to be involved with development of the acute disease in animal models, but it is likely that the prime insult which triggers pancreatitis is oxidant stress. Antioxidant therapy?

94. Chronic Pancreatitis And Enzyme Supplements [March 1998; 49-3] A monthly newsletter about evidencebased health care; top source for such information on the net. http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band49/b49-3.html

@import "../styles/advanced.css"; Skip navigation Chronic pancreatitis and enzyme supplements Searching Results Comment Chronic pancreatitis is uncommon (perhaps 20 cases per 100,000 population). Problems are pain and steatorrhoea, and the treatment of choice advocated by well-known textbooks is pancreatic enzyme supplementation. A new meta-analysis of the use of enzyme supplements to reduce pain [1] shows them to be without effect. Searching The search was not exhaustive. Only MEDLINE was searched, and only English language papers used. Results All studies included were of a randomised, double-blind crossover design, and of two weeks to eight months duration. There were six studies, with a total of 189 patients, with six different pancreatic enzyme supplements. Pain scoring methods seemed sensible. Only one trial of the six showed a statistical improvement over placebo as judged by patient preference - that of the two-week duration (Figure). Overall the relative benefit was 1.2 (95% confidence interval 0.8 to 1.8).

95. Acute Pancreatitis pancreatitis is an infrequently recognized cause of abdominal pain in children. Mortality may range from about 20% with acute interstitial pancreatitis http://home.coqui.net/myrna/pancr.htm

Acute Pancreatitis in Children Pancreatitis is an infrequently recognized cause of abdominal pain in children. The diagnosis sometimes is difficult but the following clinical description may help. ETIOLOGY Drugs/toxins: thiazides, steroids, azathioprine, alcohol, tetracycline, salicylazosulfapyridine, chlorthalidone, furosemide, L-asparaginase, oral contraceptives, organophosphates. Trauma/surgery/child abuse Biliary Tract Disease: choledochal cyst, stricture of the common bile duct, congenital stenosis of the ampulla of Vater, anomalous insertion of the common bile duct, cholelithiasis/cholecystitis. Infection: mumps (even in the absence of parotitis), hepatitis B, coxsackie B5, Epstein-Barr virus, mycoplasma, influenza B. Diabetes mellitus (ketoacidosis) Perforated duodenal ulcer Miscellaneous: hyperparathyroidism, septic shock, cystic fibrosis, pregnancy, acute porphyria, kwashiorkor, hyperproteinemia I and V, scorpion bites. Idiopathic Vasculitis: SLE, Henoch-Schönlein, Kawasaki. Nutritional: malnutrition, rapid feeding, bulimia. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS 1. Abdominal pain. Children may not localize the pain very well. It is usually noted to be in the upper quadrants or the periumbilical area. The pain is usually constant, but it may be intermittent, and it may be made worse by eating. The knee-chest position will usually relieve the pain.

96. What Is Pancreatitis? pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. pancreatitis may be an acute, painful attack, or may be a chronic condition developing gradually over time. http://www.cumc.columbia.edu/dept/cs/programs/pancreas/pancreatic_pancreatitis.h

Shortcuts Directions Events Find the Right Doctor Directory Risk Assessments Search Second Opinion Send for Info Site Map What is pancreatitis? Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that may occur as an acute, painful attack, or may be a chronic condition developing gradually over time. It is caused when pancreatic enzyme secretions build up and begin to digest the organ itself. Another term for this condition is auto digestion , which occurs when, for some unknown reason, the pancreas' powerful enzymes are activated in the pancreas itself rather than in the duodenum. It is believed that trypsin sets off a domino effect, activating other enzymes to speed the auto digestive process. Risk factors for developing pancreatitis include: Gallstones Alcohol use Some medications Severe viral or bacterial infection Injury to the abdomen Elevated triglyceride levels, called Hyperlipidemia Elevated calcium blood levels, called Hypercalcemia Pancreatitis ranges in severity from relatively mild to severe, and in its worst form may not respond to treatment. Chronic Pancreatitis Explained Chronic pancreatitis develops over a period of years, most often in individuals who have experienced pancreatic damage from earlier episodes of acute pancreatitis. It is frequently caused by long-term alcohol use, but, as with acute pancreatitis, no cause may be found. Edema (swelling) and inflammation confined to the pancreas are typical symptoms of mild or chronic pancreatitis. Symptoms may develop over a period of time without the sudden dramatic occurrence of an acute attack. However, those with undiagnosed chronic pancreatitis may develop acute episodes. There is a decrease in the secretion of enzymes needed for digestion and absorption of dietary fats. Fat digestion is impaired, resulting in fatty stools. This is called

97. PANCREATITIS - Patients - American College Of Gastroenterology Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammation of the pancreas characterized by The most common causes of acute pancreatitis are gallstones and excessive http://www.acg.gi.org/patients/gihealth/pancreas.asp

members physicians patients media search site map home You are not currently logged in. ( login About ACG Contact ACG GI Physician Locator ... Health Messages PANCREATITIS What is the Pancreas? The pancreas is an organ within the abdomen behind the stomach. Within the pancreas, there are specialized cells called acinar cells that synthesize, store, and secrete digestive enzymes into pancreatic ducts. Enzymes are transported via pancreatic ducts to the small intestine, where they help digest food. Within the pancreas, there are also specialized cells termed islet cells which manufacture insulin and other hormones as well. The release of insulin into the blood stream Is important for the control of blood sugar. What is Pancreatitis? Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammation of the pancreas characterized by swelling and at times even destruction of pancreatic tissue. The most common causes of acute pancreatitis are gallstones and excessive alcohol consumption. Other causes include medications, abdominal trauma, infections, and genetic abnormalities of the pancreas. Chronic pancreatitis is a chronic inflammation of the pancreas characterized by scarring of tissue that at times is sufficient enough to impair digestion of food and to cause diabetes mellitus. The most common causes of chronic pancreatitis are excessive consumption of alcohol and genetic abnormalities of the pancreas. At times, the cause is unknown.

98. Discovery Health :: Diseases & Conditions :: Pancreatitis pancreatitis is an inflammation or an infection of the pancreas. It may be acute or chronic. Acute pancreatitis means that symptoms develop suddenly. http://health.discovery.com/encyclopedias/illnesses.html?article=1673&page=1

99. Pancreatitis Chronic pancreatitis. Note the calcification in the body of the pancreas. On the other hand, this is not calcification in the body of the pancreas. http://wwwrad.pulmonary.ubc.ca/stpaulsstuff/NeatcasesF1/pancreatitis.html

Chronic Pancreatitis Note the calcification in the body of the pancreas. On the other hand, this is not calcification in the body of the pancreas. The bright echoes are small bubbles in the stomach anterior to the pancreas.

100. Dr. Koop - Acute Pancreatitis Acute pancreatitis is an inflammation (irritation and swelling) of the pancreas. The pancreas is an elongated, tapered gland, located behind the stomach, http://www.drkoop.com/ency/93/000287.html

Home Health Reference Acute pancreatitis Jul 29, 2005 Search: Dr.Koop MEDLINE Diseases Symptoms Procedures Natural Medicine ... Drug Library Inside DrKoop News Archive Animations Health Videos Health Tools ... Newsletters Acute pancreatitis Injury Disease Nutrition Poison ... Prevention Acute pancreatitis Definition: Acute pancreatitis is an inflammation (irritation and swelling) of the pancreas. The pancreas is an elongated, tapered gland, located behind the stomach, that secretes digestive enzymes and the hormones insulin and glucagon Causes, incidence, and risk factors: The chief causes of acute pancreatitis in adults are gallstones , other gallbladder (biliary) disease, and alcohol use . Viral infection ( mumps , coxsackie B, mycoplasma pneumonia , and campylobacter), traumatic injury, pancreatic or common bile duct surgical procedures and certain medications (especially estrogens, corticosteroids, thiazide diuretics, and azathioprine) are other causes. Acute pancreatitis may also be caused by abnormal anatomy of the pancreas (pancreas divisum), genetic factors (hereditary pancreatitis), high lipid levels in the blood (hypertriglyceridemia), and complications of cystic fibrosis. The mechanism that causes pancreatitis is not well known. It is thought that enzymes normally secreted by the pancreas in an inactive form become activated inside the pancreas and start to digest the pancreatic tissue. This process is called autodigestion and causes swelling, hemorrhage, and damage to the blood vessels.

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