61. Simple FactSheet: Pancreatitis What is pancreatitis? HIV drugs that can cause pancreatitis, symptoms, risk of experiencing pancreatitis, diagnosis, treatment. http://www.atdn.org/simple/panc.html

Pancreatitis a Simple FactSheet from the A IDS T reatment D ata N etwork Pancreatitis: The pancreas is a small organ located just behind the stomach. The pancreas produces insulin which helps the body process sugars in your body. Pancreatitis is when the pancreas becomes inflamed or damaged. Symptoms: Symptoms of pancreatitis include nausea, vomiting and a persistent (sometimes severe) pain in the stomach area that may go right through to your back. Drugs responsible: The most common cause of pancreatitis is the NRTI drug didanosine (ddI, Videx) . Less commonly, pancreatitis can also be a side effect of stavudine (d4T, Zerit) lamivudine (3TC, Epivir) has been associated with the development of pancreatitis in children. Risk of experiencing this side effect: intravenous pentamidine Diagnosis: Monitoring for pancreatitis involves blood tests to measure the levels of substances called amylase and lipase. Increased levels of amylase and lipase can warn of damage to the pancreas before symptoms appear. Your doctor can then confirm if there is damage by doing additional tests. Treatment: NRTI drugs should be stopped if pancreatitis is suspected. There is no specific treatment for pancreatitis, but hospitalization and supportive care may be needed in serious cases. If damage to the pancreas is permanent (a condition called chronic pancreatitis), changes in diet may be needed to prevent pancreatitis from happening again. Doctors recommend that Videx be permanently stopped if a diagnosis of pancreatitis is confirmed. Restarting Zerit after a case of pancreatitis should be done with caution.

62. Acute Pancreatitis Risk factors associated with pancreatitis. Alcohol abuse; Cholelithiasis; Drugs ( valproic acid, tetracycline, hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide ); Pancreatic http://medic.med.uth.tmc.edu/path/00001214.htm

Acute Pancreatitis Definition Inflammation of the pancreas Associated with edema, pancreatic autodigestion, necrosis and possible hemorrhage Clinical Manifestations Abdominal pain, usually epigastric, severe, constant with radiation to the back Associated nausea and vomiting May also have fever, ileus, tachycardia and in severe cases, hypovolemic shock The inflammatory process around the pancreas may cause other signs and symptoms such as: pleural effusion Grey Turner's sign ( flank discoloration ) Cullen's sign ( discoloration around the umbilicus ) ascites jaundice Risk factors associated with pancreatitis Alcohol abuse Cholelithiasis Drugs ( valproic acid, tetracycline, hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide ) Pancreatic cancer Abdominal trauma/surgery Ulcer with pancreatic involvement Familial pancreatitis Diagnosis Based on clinical presentation, history, physical and labs The common labs that are obtained are serum amylase, serum lipase and urine amylase Serum amylase serum amylase rises rapidly, usually within hours after an attack serum amylase remains elevated for approximately four days reference range in adults for serum amylase is 0-140 U/dL amylase is detected enzymatically Serum lipase serum lipase also rises rapidly, within hours after an attack

63. VetCentric - Pancreatitis - Pancreatitis Illustrated article covering symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. http://www.vetcentric.com/reference/encycEntry.cfm?ENTRY=23&COLLECTION=EncycIlln

64. Hardin MD : Pancreatitis From the University of Iowa, the *best* lists of Internet sources in pancreatitis. http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/hardin/md/pancreatitis.html

Pancreatitis A service of the University of Iowa Site Map Diseases Home ... Diseases Search Hardin MD See also: Home Gall Bladder Digestive Dis Popular Women's Health Dermatology Nursing Pharm Infect Disease AIDS +Pictures Crohns Disease +Pictures Diabetes +Pictures Digestive System Edema +Pictures Gallbladder Gallstones +Pictures Jaundice Pictures Kidney Diseases Liver Disease +Pictures Lupus +Pictures Medical Pictures Prednisone +Pictures Stomach Ulcers +Pictures Toxic Shock Syndrome +Pictures Yeast Infection +Pictures Pancreatitis Pictures Pancreatitis Symptoms Karolinska : Pancreatitis Medical Library, Karolinska Institute, Sweden Open Directory Project : Health : ... Digestive disorders : Pancreatitis (Other versions: Google Yahoo : Pancreatitis ClinicalTrials.gov : Pancreatitis National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health Pancreatitis Pictures Pancreas : Non-malignant diseases : Pancreatitis Charles Donner, Virtual Hospital, Univ Iowa MEDLINEplus Health Encyclopedia : Pancreatitis A.D.A.M. / National Library of Medicine Pancreatitis Mediscan clipart library, London, United Kingdom

65. Www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=2 Cat=158 pancreatitis (Inflammation) in CatsCauses, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas. http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=2&cat=1580&articleid=335

66. Pancreatitis Inflammation of the pancreas, or pancreatitis, is a serious condition that is most pancreatitis due to alcohol toxicity is most often seen in chronic http://www.shands.org/health/surgeries/100149.html

Pancreatitis Normal anatomy The pancreas is located posterior to the abdomen. It contains cells that secrete the hormone insulin, and cells that secrete digestive enzymes that aid in the breakdown of food in the gastrointestinal tract. The pancreas secretes these enzymes into the pancreatic duct, which joins the common bile duct from the liver and drains into the small intestine. Review Date: 07/18/01 Reviewed By: A.D.A.M. Medical Illustration Team Indication Inflammation of the pancreas, or pancreatitis, is a serious condition that is most commonly caused by either alcohol toxicity or gallstones. Gallstones can lodge in the common bile duct and block the flow of pancreatic enzymes out of the pancreas into the intestine. Pancreatitis due to alcohol toxicity is most often seen in chronic alcoholic patients. Most often, pancreatitis goes away with nonsurgical therapy. The patient will not be allowed to eat for three to five days, to prevent secretion of enzymes by the pancreas. He will also receive pain medication to control the pain caused by pancreatic inflammation. Review Date: 07/18/01 Reviewed By: A.D.A.M. Medical Illustration Team

67. Virtual Hospital: University Of Iowa Family Practice Handbook, Fourth Edition: G Amylase is elevated in 80% of those with pancreatitis and is more sensitive early Chronic pancreatitis. Characterized by chronic and progressive loss of http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/familymedicine/FPHandbook/Chapter05/21-5.html

University of Iowa Family Practice Handbook, Fourth Edition, Chapter 5 Gastroenterology And Hepatology: Acute Pancreatitis Jatinder P. S. Ahluwalia, MD, Mark A. Graber, MD, and William B. Silverman, MD Division of Gastroenterlogy and Hepatology and Departments of Internal Medicine, Family Medicine, and Emergency Medicine University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics and College of Medicine Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed by Mosby Should be in the differential of any acute abdomen. Etiology Cholelithiasis is the most common cause in the United States, Western Europe, and in Asia (45% of cases). Biliary sludge has also been implicated in some cases. Chronic alcohol ingestion is the second leading cause (35% of cases). "Traumatic" causes , including postoperative stress , ERCP, direct trauma, manometry of the sphincter of Oddi, endoscopic sphincter-otomy, and perforation of a duodenal ulcer. Metabolic insults Drugs including DDI, DDC, azathioprine, mercaptopurine, valproic acid, acetaminophen, and others. Infectious causes including viruses (mumps, rubella, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, HIV, coxsackievirus B), bacteria mycoplasma, Campylo- bacter, legionella, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. avium complex), and parasitic (ascariasis, clonorchiasis).

68. Virtual Hospital: Radiology Resident Case Of The Week: Hereditary Pancreatitis Similar to that of nonhereditary pancreatitis, with the exception that 50% acute pancreatitis findings on ultrasound include hypoechogenicity, http://www.vh.org/pediatric/provider/radiology/PedRadSecTF/021696/

Radiology Resident Case of the Week: February 16, 1996 Hereditary Pancreatitis Eric Fitzcharles, M.D. Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed Clinical Sx: Recurrent abdominal pain since childhood or infancy, lasting two to seven days possibly precipitated by meals. Attacks can occur every few weeks to every few years. Pain starts epigastric, but later involves the entire abdomen and radiates to the back. Severity and frequency of attacks improves with age. Etiology/Pathophysiology: First described in 1952, autosomal dominant gene with incomplete penetrance. Males and females equally affected with all reported cases in caucasians. Etiology is unknown, but many patients have congenital malformations of the ductal system or sphincter of Oddi. It has been linked with hyperthyroidism, hyperlipoproteinemia, and aminoaciduria. Grossly, the pancreas resembles that seen in cystic fibrosis: induration, ductal dilation, fibrosis, preservation of islet cells. Pathology: As above. Miscellaneous: Diagnosis requires history of recurrent abdominal pain in at least three relatives. Course of the disease can be relatively benign if well treated, although there is reported 20-40% risk of pancreatic carcinoma in these patients. Increased risk of portal and splenic vein thrombosis. Imaging: Similar to that of nonhereditary pancreatitis, with the exception that 50% eventually develop pseudocysts and over 50% get pancreatic calcifications and duct calculi, some as early as the second decade. pancreatic calcifications are larger and more rounded than in other conditions such as CF.

69. Feline Pancreatitis ~ Pawprints And Purrs, Inc. When the pancreas becomes inflamed, the disorder is called pancreatitis. It is a disease process that is seen commonly in the dog and occasionally in the http://www.sniksnak.com/cathealth/pancreatitis.html

HOME Mission Donate Table of Contents ... Wealth of Resources Pawprints and Purrs, Inc. Cat Health Care Information by Condition or Disease A Non-Profit 501(c)(3) Organization All donations are tax deductible Any health care links located here are NOT to replace a veterinarian visit; please take your cat to a vet immediately at any sign of odd behavior or any symptoms of illness or injury. Call your vet and describe your cat's symptoms with any of your concerns about the cat's well-being. Your veterinarian may discover changes in your cat's health that you have overlooked. It is always better to err on the side of caution. Feline Pancreatitis What is pancreatitis? The pancreas is a vital organ which is located in the right side of the abdomen. It has two functions: 1) to produce enzymes which help in digestion of food and, 2) to produce hormones, such as insulin. When the pancreas becomes inflamed, the disorder is called pancreatitis. It is a disease process that is seen commonly in the dog and occasionally in the cat. There is no age, sex, or breed predisposition. There are two main forms of acute (sudden onset) pancreatitis: 1) the mild, edematous form and, 2) the more severe, hemorrhagic form. A few cats that recover from an acute episode of pancreatitis may continue to have recurrent bouts of the acute disease. This is termed the chronic form. The associated inflammation allows digestive enzymes to spill into the abdominal cavity; this may result in secondary damage to surrounding organs, such as the

70. Pancreatitis Detailed information on pancreatitis, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/uvahealth/adult_liver/pancrea.cfm

[ Skip Navigation ] Health System Home For Health Answers Healthcare Professionals ... Advanced Search Health System Search Search for Information People UVa Home Health System News Health System Events (all) Health System Publications ... Making a Gift Topics All About Cancer Blood Disorders Bone Disorders Breast Health Cancer Cardiovascular Disease Dermatology Diabetes Digestive Disorders Endocrinology Environmental Medicine Eye Care Glossary Gynecological Health Infectious Diseases Kidney Disease Men's Health Mental Health Nervous System Disorders Non-Trauma Emergency Oral Health Orthopaedics Otolaryngology Pathology Pediatrics, General Health Prostate Health Radiology Respiratory Disorders Skin Cancer Surgical Care Urology Women's Health UVa Health Topics A to Z FIND A DOCTOR Biliary Disease Digestive Cancers: Oncology Liver Cancer ... WHY CHOOSE UVA Search This Site When Acute Pancreatitis Strikes Women are one-and-a-half times more likely than men to have acute pancreatitis caused by gallstones. On the other hand, men are six times more likely than women to have acute pancreatitis caused by alcoholism. Pancreatitis What is pancreatitis?

71. MUSC DDC - Surgeries The two common types of pancreatitis are acute and chronic. Chronic pancreatitis is different from acute pancreatitis. The inflammation and damage develop http://www.ddc.musc.edu/ddc_pub/patientInfo/surgeries/pancreatic/

Search our web site. Best viewed using Patient Information CHRONIC PANCREATITIS SURGERY What is Chronic Pancreatitis? In general, pancreatitis is a disease in which the pancreas becomes swollen and inflamed, and does not work properly. The enzymes which the pancreas normally produces to help digestion in the intestine can attack the pancreas itself. The two common types of pancreatitis are acute and chronic. Chronic pancreatitis is different from acute pancreatitis. The inflammation and damage develop more slowly, and can become increasingly bad over time. The pancreas becomes scarred and loses its ability to make enough digestive enzymes and insulin. Thickening of the pancreatic juices may result in clogging of the ducts and from pancreatic stones (so called pancreatic calcification). These and damage to the ducts themselves (strictures) can result in aggravation of the pancreatitis due to obstruction. Causes and risk factors Most cases of chronic pancreatitis are associated with longstanding heavy use of alcohol. However, chronic pancreatitis can also result from obstruction to the pancreatic ducts (by tumor or anatomical variation), and in other diseases such as cystic fibrosis, hemochromatosis (too much iron in the body). In familial pancreatitis, the problem occurs in many members of the family, and may start to cause attacks in childhood. A similar form of chronic pancreatitis occurs in tropical countries, often associated with severe malnutrition.

72. MUSC DDC - Diseases: Pancreas & Biliary Tree pancreatitis is a disease in which the pancreas becomes swollen and inflamed, Inflammation in acute pancreatitis involves the whole pancreas, http://www.ddc.musc.edu/ddc_pub/digestiveProbs/diseases/pancBiliary/pancreatitis

Search our web site. Select pancreas disease from list below: Cholangitis Cholecystitis Gallstones / Bile Duct Stones Pancreatic Insufficiency Pancreatitis Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction Best viewed using Digestive Problems INTRODUCTION Pancreatitis is a disease in which the pancreas becomes swollen and inflamed, and does not work properly. The enzymes which the pancreas normally produces to help digestion in the intestine can attack the pancreas itself. The two common types of pancreatitis are acute and chronic Acute Pancreatitis Chronic Pancreatitis ACUTE PANCREATITIS Acute pancreatitis is usually a sudden and severe illness when the pancreas rapidly becomes inflamed. Pancreas enzymes and various poisons (toxins) may enter the blood stream in an acute attack, and injure other organs such as the heart, lungs and kidneys. However, the pancreas can return to virtual normality if the cause of the attack is found and treated. Causes of acute pancreatitis The two commonest causes are gallstones , and too much alcohol. Gallstones commonly form in the

73. Welcome To NHS Direct Online pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. This is an important gland lying pancreatitis may be a sharp, short illness (acute pancreatitis) or a http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/en.asp?TopicID=346

74. Chronic Pancreatitis Chronic pancreatitis on CT scanning. May confirm pancreatic enlargement, Apte MV, Keogh GW, Wilson J S. Chronic pancreatitis complications and http://www.surgical-tutor.org.uk/system/abdomen/chronic_pancreatitis.htm

Up Abdominal incisions Groin hernias Other hernias ... Abdominal masses Chronic pancreatitis Chronic inflammatory disease of the pancreas Results in irreversible destruction of both the endocrine and exocrine pancreatic tissue Early stages of the disease may be characterised by episodes of acute pancreatitis Pancreas may appear macroscopically normal Late stage of disease is characterised by pancreatic fibrosis and calcification Pancreatic duct dilatation and stricture formation occurs Cysts form within the pancreatic tissue Aetiological factors include Alcohol Tobacco Pancreatic duct strictures Pancreatic trauma Hereditary pancreatitis Tropical pancreatitis Male to female ratio is approximately 4:1 Mean age of onset is approximately 40 years The incidence is increasing Chronic pancreatitis increases the risk of pancreatic carcinoma Clinical features Pain is the principal symptom in most patients Usually epigastric, sub-costal and radiating to the back Pain may be continuous or episodic Often interferes with life and may lead to opiate abuse Weight lost may occur Loss of exocrine function produces malabsorption and steatorrhoea Loss of endocrine function results in diabetes Investigation Serum amylase is often normal Plain abdominal x-ray may show pancreatic calcification CT or MRI is the most useful investigation for imaging the pancreas May confirm pancreatic enlargement, fibrosis and calcification

75. University Of Liverpool The European Registry Of Hereditary pancreatitis And Familial Pancreatic Cancer. Should you require any further information, please contact http://www.liv.ac.uk/surgery/europac.html

home www.liv.ac.uk Medicine site University site Surgery and Oncology Clinical Trials ESPAC KABI Surgery and Oncology Home Page ... l EUROPAC The European Registry Of Hereditary Pancreatitis And Familial Pancreatic Cancer Should you require any further information, please contact: Louis Vitone , The Study Co-ordinator, EUROPAC Tel: +44 151 706 4168 Fax: +44 151 706 5826 or E-Mail Us. This site is for patients and professionals alike who require further information about the EUROPAC project. Click on one of the buttons below for more information EUROPAC News Pancreatitis families Pancreatic cancer families Accessibility Staff Students

76. Pancreatitis pancreatitis is an inflammation or infection of the pancreas an elongated, tapered gland that is located behind the stomach. http://www.healthcentral.com/ency/408/001144.html

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77. Chronic Pancreatitis Chronic pancreatitis involves persistent inflammation of the pancreas the elongated, tapered gland located behind the stomach that secretes digestive http://www.healthcentral.com/ency/408/000221.html

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78. Pancreatitis - EMedicine Health pancreatitis simply means inflammation of the pancreas. The pancreas is located in the upper part of the abdomen, behind the stomach. http://www.emedicinehealth.com/articles/10597-1.asp

Search September 9, 2005 Registration Healthcare Professionals You are in: Endocrine System Pancreatitis Pancreatitis Overview Pancreatitis simply means inflammation of the pancreas. Located in the upper part of the abdomen, behind the stomach, the pancreas plays an important role in digestion. The pancreas is a gland, producing 2 main types of substances: digestive juices and digestive hormones. Digestive juices include enzymes and bicarbonate. They travel through a small tube called the pancreatic duct to the small intestine (duodenum). There, the enzymes break down the proteins and fats in the foods that you eat to permit the nutrients to be absorbed. The bicarbonate neutralizes stomach acid. Digestive hormones, mainly insulin and glucagon, are released into the bloodstream. They control the body's blood sugar, a major source of energy. Inflammation of the pancreas has various causes. Once the gland becomes inflamed, the condition can progress to swelling of the gland and surrounding blood vessels, bleeding, infection, and damage to the gland. There, digestive juices become trapped and start "digesting" the pancreas itself. If this damage persists, the gland may not be able to carry out its normal functions. Pancreatitis may be acute (new, short-term) or chronic (ongoing, long-term). Either type can be very severe, even life threatening. Either type can have serious

79. AAMC: Pancreatitis pancreatitis can occur independent of Pancreatic carcinoma. Chronic pancreatitis can also be lethal particularly when pseudocysts or infection is http://www.letfreedomgrow.com/cmu/pancreatitis.htm

Mission Patient Resources Medical Uses News ... Contact Pancreatitis Many thousands of American suffer from either acute and/or chronic Pancreatitis each year. This is a serious disease that often results in death. Pancreatitis can occur independent of Pancreatic carcinoma. Pancreatic cancer is particularly nasty being inevitably fatal and extremely painful until the last days when nerve endings are largely destroyed by tumor and inflammation. Chronic Pancreatitis can also be lethal particularly when pseudocysts or infection is present. The Pancreas is a vital organ that loops around the GI tract from below the naval to underneath the solar plexus. It provides both an endocrine function (insulin) necessary to the maintenance of normal blood sugar and an exocrine function (digestive enzymes) necessary to absorb the nutrients from food. Pancreatitis can interfere in the production of these key enzymes and hormones. The Pancreas can become inflamed from overuse of alcohol, "sludge" or stones in the gall bladder, autoimmune attack, or congenital defect. Once inflamed the Pancreas can become blocked, develop pseudocysts, and even become infected. The pain associated with pancreatic inflammation is intense. Dehydration, shock, and hyperglycemia may occur. Inflammation caused by excessive pancreatic enzymes can also occur in joints, the lining of the heart (endocarditis) and other vulnerable areas. Prompt and proper diagnosis is necessary as a wide range of disorders generates abdominal pain. Usually, a battery of blood tests is conducted to look at pancreatic enzymes. A CAT scan can reveal the degree of inflammation and give important clues as to the status of pancreatic tissue including the presence or absence of pseudocysts, ascites, or tumor. An ECT can reveal information about the pancreatic ductwork, identifying abnormalities and blockages.

80. UpToDate Patient Information Chronic Pancreatitis Chronic pancreatitis refers to longstanding inflammation of the pancreas People with chronic pancreatitis typically have blocked areas in the ducts http://patients.uptodate.com/frames.asp?page=topic.asp&file=digestiv/5269

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