21. Development Of New Treatments For Congenital Nystagmus Development of New Treatments for Congenital nystagmus LOUIS F. DELL'OSSO http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

22. EMedicine - Nystagmus, Acquired : Article By Christopher M Bardorf, MD, MS nystagmus, Acquired nystagmus may be defined as a periodic rhythmic ocular oscillation of the eyes. The oscillations may be sinusoidal and of http://www.emedicine.com/oph/topic339.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Ophthalmology Extraocular Muscles Nystagmus, Acquired Last Updated: August 8, 2005 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: acquired nystagmus, congenital nystagmus AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Christopher M Bardorf, MD, MS , Ophthalmology, Children's Eye Physicians, Denver, CO Coauthor(s): Gregory Van Stavern, MD , Assistant Professor, Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology, Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University; Enrique Garcia-Valenzuela, MD, PhD , Clinical Assistant Professor , Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary; Consulting Staff, Vitreo-Retinal Surgery, Midwest Retina Consultants, SC, Parkside Center Christopher M Bardorf, MD, MS, is a member of the following medical societies: American Medical Association , and Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Editor(s): Michael J Bartiss, OD, MD

23. A Neurobiological Approach To Acquired Nystagmus LEIGH Et Al . A Neurobiological Approach to Acquired nystagmus R. JOHN LEIGHa , VALLABH E. DASb and SCOTT H. SEIDMANc http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

24. Nystagmuscases Although there are many ways of classifying nystagmus (according to the type or Is the nystagmus present in primary position or only in eccentric gaze http://www.mrcophth.com/nystagmus/nystagmuscases.html

Common cases in nystagmus Nystagmus may appear daunting in the examination. However, if you follow the steps outlined in the section on Clinical Techniques most cases can be diagnosed easily. Although there are many ways of classifying nystagmus (according to the type or onset etc), the following features can be useful in determining the causes: Is the nystagmus present in primary position or only in eccentric gaze Is the nystagmus pendular (equal velocity in both directions) or jerky (possessing a fast and slow phase)? Is the disorder binocular or monocular/dissociated? Algorithm in the diagnosis of nystagmus In the examination, the examiners will usually ask you to look at the patient's eyes. Always remember to observe the patient's eyes closely in their primary position for at least 20 seconds so as not to miss the signs. Remember to describe the nystagmus as follow: Position: primary or gaze-related Type: pendular, jerk (the direction of the nystagmus refers to the fast phase) Rate: rapid or slow Plane: horizontal, vertical or rotary

25. Opticokinetic Nystagmus Animated eye movement showing nystagmus. Normal opticokinetic nystagmus. Abnormal pursuit movement showing small saccadic movement. http://www.mrcophth.com/eyeclipartchua/opticokineticnystagmus.html

Opticokinetic nystagmus Normal opticokinetic nystagmus Abnormal pursuit movement showing small saccadic movement. This is seen in lesion of the parietal lobe Normal vertical opticokinetic nystagmus Return to the index

26. NYSTAGMUS Most frequently, pendular nystagmus is caused by central lesions involving the Spasmus nutans is a transient pendular nystagmus that occurs in children, http://www.tchain.com/otoneurology/practice/nystagmus.html

NYSTAGMUS Under Construction Timothy C. Hain, MD Education Index Search this site Nystagmus is defined as involuntary movement of the eyes. Most frequently it is composed of a mixture of slow and fast movements of the eyes. Nystagmus can occur normally, such as when tracking a visual pattern. Nystagmus may also be abnormal, usually in situations where one would want the eyes to be still, but they are in motion. Vertigo (a sensation of spinning), is often accompanied by nystagmus. The following material attempts to illustrate and describe nystagmus subtypes. SPONTANEOUS NYSTAGMUS Vestibular imbalance nystagmus Acquired pendular nystagmus Horizontal Vertical See-saw Congenital Nystagmus Latent nystagmus (LN) Pendular type Jerk type Convergence/Retraction nystagmus Divergence nystagmus Periodic alternating nystagmus (PAN) Central nystagmus (downbeat, upbeat nystagmus, horizontal, torsional) Saccadic Nystagmus EVOKED NYSTAGMUS Gaze evoked nystagmus (GEN) Symmetrical GEN Asymmetrical GEN Rebound nystagmus Head-shaking nystagmus (HSN) Caloric nystagmus Optokinetic Nystagmus (OKN) Positional Nystagmus Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo Central positional nystagmus Positional alcohol nystagmus Miscellaneous rare causes Typical appearance of vestibular type spontaneous nystagmus.

27. Gaze Evoked Nystagmus Gaze evoked nystagmus A point of information to be gained from the Gazeevoked nystagmus is a drift of the eye which is only present for certain http://www.tchain.com/otoneurology/practice/gen.htm

GAZE EVOKED NYSTAGMUS Gaze-evoked nystagmus Causes of Gaze-evoked nystagmus Medication Brainstem or cerebellar disorder (look for rebound) Normal variant Ocular muscle fatigue Congenital nystagmus A point of information to be gained from the fixation test is the adequacy of gaze holding , as impaired gaze holding may indicate the presence of a central lesion. Gaze-evoked nystagmus is a drift of the eye which is only present for certain directions of gaze. When using EOG recordings, any persistent nystagmus for ocular displacements of 30 degrees or less is considered abnormal. When using infrared recordings, small amounts of weak (0.5 deg to 3.0 deg/sec) gaze-evoked nystagmus can be recorded in normal subjects (Abel et al, 1978) Causes of gaze-evoked nystagmus are listed in the table above. There are several distinct patterns which can be identified by scrutiny of the eye position trace. The most common variety consists of a drift towards the center of the orbit, interspersed by corrective outgoing saccades attempting to acquire a target which has drifted off the fovea. In this situation, the initial rate at which the eye drifts is directly proportional to how far the eye is from center, because elastic restoring forces are proportional to displacement. Accordingly, as the eye approaches center, the rate of drift decreases, accounting for the characteristic decreasing exponential trajectory of ocular drift. The decreasing exponential pattern may be difficult to appreciate if the patient makes frequent saccades to the target, and one must look for a slow phase in which the patient allowed his eye to drift close to the center. Gaze-evoked nystagmus on lateral gaze and upward gaze is common while gaze-evoked nystagmus on downward gaze is infrequent. Certain patients with congenital nystagmus or with acquired central nystagmus varieties have

28. Nystagmus - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia nystagmus is rapid involuntary rhythmic eye movement, with the eyes moving The direction of nystagmus is defined by the direction of its quick phase (eg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nystagmus

You did it! Over US$240,000 was donated in the 21 day fund drive. Thank you for your generosity! You are still welcome to make a donation or purchase Wikimedia merchandise Nystagmus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Nystagmus Nystagmus is rapid involuntary rhythmic eye movement, with the eyes moving quickly in one direction (quick phase), and then slowly in the other (slow phase). The direction of nystagmus is defined by the direction of its quick phase ( e.g. right nystagmus is due to a right moving quick phase). Nystagmus may occur in the vertical or horizontal directions, and also in a semicircular movement, and thus are called downbeat nystagmus, upbeat nystagmus, seesaw nystagmus, periodic alternating nystagmus, and pendular nystagmus. There are other similar alterations in periodic eye movements (saccadic oscillations) such as opsoclonus or ocular flutter . One can accurately think of nystagmus as the combination of a slow adjusting eye movement (slow phase) like would be seen with the vestibulo-ocular reflex , followed by a quick saccade (quick phase) when the eye has reached the limit of its rotation.

29. Aniridia Network International - About Aniridia - Nystagmus nystagmus is the involuntary, rhythmical, oscillations of one or both eyes, The cause of nystagmus is unknown. Reduced acuity is caused by the inability http://www.aniridia.org/conditions/nystagmus.html

Supporting people with aniridia and their Families Just Diagnosed? click here Homepage About Us About Aniridia ... Make A Donation Web www.aniridia.org Nystagmus Description Nystagmus is the involuntary, rhythmical, oscillations of one or both eyes, in any or all fields of gaze. Pendular: undulating movements of equal speed, amplitude, and duration, in each direction or Jerky: with slower movements in one direction, followed by a faster return to the original position. Horizontal:from ulternating between, left and right Vertical: ulternating between up and down Oblique: moving in a diagonal plain or any combination of these: Generally, the faster the rate, the smaller the amplitude (and vice versa). The defect is classified according to the position of the eyes when it occurs. Grade I occurs only when the eyes are directed toward the fast component; Grade II occurs when the eyes are also in their primary position; Grade III occurs even when the eyes are directed toward the slow component.

30. Nystagmus - Visionary Music main about music linx feedback contact All content (c) nystagmus 2o04 Website by doktor J. http://www.nystagmus.ca/

The new album 'The immaculate perception' is out Click here for samples main about music linx ... contact All content (c) Nystagmus 2o04 Website by doktor J

31. Nystagmus There are 47 named types of nystagmus. This can be a very challenging and However there are essentially only two divisions of nystagmus to worry about http://www.theberries.ns.ca/BOTW_archives/nystagmus.html

Nystagmus There are 47 named types of nystagmus . This can be a very challenging and difficult area of eye movement disorder to deal with clinically. However there are essentially only two divisions of nystagmus to worry about : pathological and non-pathological. The control and coordination of ocular movements depends on good connections between the eyes, the visual conducting system, the occipital cortex, the visual memory areas, the frontal lobe, the cerebellum, brainstem and finally the cranial nerves. It represents the biggest single functional unit in the Central Nervous System. Virtually anything which disorganises the inputs in the cerebellar, vestibular of or brain stem regions will result in nystagmus. Fortunately the most common form of nystagmus, congenital nystagmus , is non-pathological It is often familial and there will always be a past history of it. Also the amplitude of the beat will often be augmented by covering one eye (latent nystagmus). Most importantly, this nystagmus will always beat horizontally in up or down gaze. It is benign and often associated with congenital difficulties with sight. There is also no oscillopsia or sensation movement of the environment with it.

32. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Eye Movements - Uncontrollable nystagmus refers to rapid involuntary movements of the eyes that may be from side to The involuntary eye movements of nystagmus are caused by abnormal http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003037.htm

@import url(/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Eye movements - uncontrollable Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Considerations ... Call your health care provider if Illustrations External and internal eye anatomy Alternative names Return to top Back and forth eye movements; Involuntary eye movements; Nystagmus; Rapid eye movements from side to side; Uncontrolled eye movements Definition Return to top Uncontrollable eye movements are involuntary, rapid, and repetitive movement of the eyes. Considerations Return to top Nystagmus refers to rapid involuntary movements of the eyes that may be from side to side (horizontal nystagmus), up and down (vertical nystagmus) or rotary. Depending on the cause, these movements may be in both eyes or in just one eye. The term "dancing eyes" has been used in regional dialect to describe nystagmus. The involuntary eye movements of nystagmus are caused by abnormal function in the areas of the brain that control eye movements. The exact nature of these disorders is poorly understood. Nystagmus may be either congenital (present at birth) or may be acquired (caused by disease or injury later in life). CONGENITAL NYSTAGMUS Congenital nystagmus is more common than acquired nystagmus. It is usually mild, does not change in severity, and is not associated with any other disorder.

33. Nystagmus - Symptoms, Treatment And Prevention Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention of nystagmus. nystagmus is an unintentional jittery movement of the eyes. nystagmus usually involves both eyes and is http://www.healthscout.com/ency/68/516/main.html

News Front Nationline Washington World ... Columnists Search HealthScout Web MEDLINE Special Offers TV Specials Erectile Dysfunction GERD Cloning Controversy Top Features Bipolar Disorder Resources Sleep Skin Cancer Migraines ... Diabetes Health Organizer Resources Healthscout News 3D Health Animations Health Videos Health Encyclopedia ... Drug Library Drug Information Drug Search Drug Interactions Image Database Pill Identifier Channels Home Today Women Men ... Drug Checker Health Encyclopedia - Diseases and Conditions A B C D ... Y Nystagmus From Our Sponsors: Related Encyclopedia Acoustic Neurinoma Barotitis Media Bell's Palsy Brain and Spinal Cord Magnetic Resonance Imaging ... More... Related Healthscout Videos Mind Over Matter Lens Implant Saves Vision Brain Stimulation For Tourette Syndrome Better Breast Biopsy ... More... Related Animations LASIK More... Related 3D Interactive Human Atlas Epilepsy MRI Multiple Sclerosis Whiplash ... More... Related Drug Information Adderal XR Concerta Coumadin Depakote ... More... Related News Articles Health Tip: Test Young Children for Vision Problems Health Tip: Finding an Eye Doctor Health Tip: If Your Child Has a Seizure Health Tip: If You've Got Something in Your Eye ... Questions To Ask Your Doctor About Nystagmus Definition of Nystagmus Nystagmus is an unintentional jittery movement of the eyes. Nystagmus usually involves both eyes and is often exaggerated by looking in a particular direction.

34. Nystagmus - Multiple Sclerosis Encyclopaedia Multiple Sclerosis Encyclopaedia nystagmus. nystagmus is rapid, involuntary movements of the eyes which is often unnoticeable to people with the http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/nystagmus.html

nystagmus Nystagmus is rapid, involuntary movements of the eyes which is often unnoticeable to people with the complaint. To others it resembles the eye movements when someone is looking at the scenery from the window of a moving train. Usually it occurs in the horizontal plane but it can also affect the vertical. Nystagmus can be caused by a variety of underlying conditions, including multiple sclerosis of which it is quite a common symptom. Most presentations of a type of nystagmus called Acquired Pendular Nystagmus are associated with multiple sclerosis. In MS, nystagmus is often associated with internuclear ophthalmoplegia - which is a loss of coordination between the two eyes caused by a lesion in an area of the brain called the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) . Nystagmus can also be caused by lesions in the cerebellum , the area of the brainstem where the vestibular cranial nerve arises or further along the vestibular pathways. Apart from immunomodulating drugs and steroids, there are no treatments for nystagmus. If it is a troubling condition it may be a good idea to experiment with different lighting levels. As with most symptoms of MS, fatigue and heat ( Uhthoff's symptom ) usually make the condition worse.

35. Nystagmus CHC Wausau Hospital s Medical Library and Patient Education Center provides research services and healthcare information to physicians, http://www.chclibrary.org/micromed/00058730.html

Main Search Index Definition Description Causes ... Resources Nystagmus Definition Rhythmic, oscillating motions of the eyes are called nystagmus. The to-and-fro motion is generally involuntary. Vertical nystagmus occurs much less frequently than horizontal nystagmus and is often, but not necessarily, a sign of serious brain damage. Nystagmus can be a normal physiological response or a result of a pathologic problem. Description The eyes play a critical role in maintaining balance. They are directly connected to other organs of equilibrium, most important of which is the inner ear. Paired structures called the semicircular canals deep in the skull behind the ears sense motion and relay that information to balance control centers in the brain. The eyes send visual information to the same centers. A third set of sensors consists of nerve endings all over the body, particularly in joints, that detect position. All this information is integrated to allow the body to navigate in space and gravity. It is possible to fool this system or to overload it with information so that it malfunctions. A spinning ride at the amusement park is a good way to overload it with information. The system has adapted to the spinning, expects it to go on forever, and carries that momentum for some time after it is over. Nystagmus is the lingering adjustment of the eyes to tracking the world as it revolves around them.

36. Eye Conditions > Nystagmus -- EyeMDLink.com nystagmus is the condition characterized by repetitive oscillations of the eyes. Congenital nystagmus presents with oscillating eye movements by 2 to 3 http://www.eyemdlink.com/Condition.asp?ConditionID=303

37. Eye Conditions > Congenital Nystagmus -- EyeMDLink.com or position of gaze where there is the least amount of nystagmus may develop. Most children with congenital nystagmus have reduced eye movement when http://www.eyemdlink.com/Condition.asp?ConditionID=489

38. Nystagmus A very mild degree of nystagmus called micronystagmus is present normally in Visible, abnormal nystagmus may be caused by abnormality of any one of the http://www.drhull.com/EncyMaster/N/nystagmus.html

Help for sleepless parents Encyclopedia Index N nystagmus Search nystagmus Nystagmus (nye-STAG-muss) refers to rapid rhythmic back-and-forth involuntary eye movements, usually side to side, rarely in the vertical plane. A very mild degree of nystagmus called micronystagmus is present normally in everyone. The eyes normally flutter back and forth very rapidly; the amplitude of the swings is very small, and cannot ordinarily be seen. This occurs so that the visual receptors in the retina can complete their refresh cycle after discharge. If this micronystagmus ever stops for an instant, you will see a strange tree-like pattern before your eyes which represents the blood vessels on the surface of the retina. Visible, abnormal nystagmus may be caused by abnormality of any one of the three basic mechanisms that regulate position and movement of the eyes: fixation (focusing on and tracking objects), conjugate gaze (keeping the eyes parallel so that the images coincide), or vestibular mechanisms (the balance organs). This last is easily demonstrated: spin around and around until you feel dizzy, then observe the temporary nystagmus of your own eyes caused by the vestibular stimulation of spinning. Nystagmus can sometimes be more pronounced and thus visible, or even disconcerting. Nystagmus can occur benignly with no evidence of any significant medical condition. The blind have a particular type of nystagmus, described as "roving." It is disconcerting for some to see, and is one of the reasons the blind may wear dark glasses. A newborn baby with visible roving about of the eyes or jerking nystagmus should definitely get immediate ophthalmologic attention, because this could indicate blindness or congenital cataract. Other causes of nystagmus include drug toxicity, notably some anti-seizure medications such as Dilantin® (phenytoin). It may also herald serious neurological disease, to include brain tumor.

39. Nystagmus nystagmus usually results in some degree of visual loss. nystagmus may be present at birth (congenital) or acquired later in life. http://www.uic.edu/com/eye/PatientCare/EyeConditions/Nystagmus.shtml

HOME PATIENT CARE RESEARCH EDUCATION ... DEPARTMENT Quicklinks eyePRO Clinics Eye Conditions Doctors Directions Grand Rounds Phonebook LIERI Lions Club Patient Care AIDS-Related Eye Problems Allergic Conjunctivitis Amblyopia (lazy eye) ... Wrinkles Eye Conditions Nystagmus Involuntary, rapid movement of the eyeball which may be horizontal, vertical, rotatory, or mixed. Nystagmus usually results in some degree of visual loss. Nystagmus may be present at birth (congenital) or acquired later in life. Nystagmus may be inherited, be idiopathic (no known cause), or be associated with a sensory problem; its direct cause is an instability in the motor system controlling the eyes. It also may accompany a number of eye disorders and neurological disorders, be caused by an accident, or be a reaction to alcohol and certain drugs. Signs and Symptoms Repetitive oscillations of the eye horizontally, vertically or rotary Head nodding and tilting Blurred or unstable vision Treatments and Prevention Prisms Contact lenses Eyeglasses Strabismus Surgery UIC Specialists James Goodwin, MD

40. Nystagmus Network nystagmus is an eye condition characterised by rapid, jerky eye movements. nystagmus Network provides support for those with nystagmus, parents and teachers http://www.btinternet.com/~lynest/nystag01.htm

Help to disseminate information and foster research Nystagmus is an eye condition characterised by rapid, jerky eye movements. It is a symptom which should always be investigated by a specialist as it can be a result of other disorders. Nystagmus Network is a UK-based self-help group providing support for adults and children with nystagmus, their parents and teachers and fostering research into the condition. We have a new site at http://www.nystagmusnet.org . Please vist us there.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 2     21-40 of 107    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | Next 20