21. NIDDK Error 404 - Page Not Found An introduction, a look at minimal change disease other conditions and hope through research. http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/kidney/pubs/cns/cns.htm

Quick Links for Investigators Office of the Director Extramural Activities Intramural Research Update Intramural Pages - Staff Only Nutrition Research Coordination Office of Minority Health Research Advanced Search We are sorry, but the page you requested was not found Please check the URL to ensure it is correct or link directly to: NIDDK Home Page Health Information Diabetes Digestive Kidney diseases Urologic diseases ... NIDDK Laboratories If you still cannot find the page you sought, please contact us at dkwebmaster@extra.niddk.nih.gov and let us know what you were looking for. Home Welcome Health Information Research Funding Opportunities ... Search Director: Dr. Allen Spiegel Contact NIDDK National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) is part of the National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA. General inquiries may be addressed to Office of Communications and Public Liaison, NIDDK, NIH, Building 31, room 9A04 Center Drive, MSC 2560, Bethesda, MD 20892-2560, USA. Privacy FOIA Accessibility

22. Welcome To The NephCure Foundation Supporting Research Into Information on research, treatment and coping with nephrotic syndrome and FSGS. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

23. Pediatric Oncall- NEPHROTIC SYNDROME Offers Q As from Pediatric Oncall. http://www.pediatriconcall.com/forpatients/CommonChild/nephroticsyndrome.asp

PARENT CORNER Search GO Home Back Search for Pediatricians Hospitals Special Schools Baby Names Holistic Medicines Alternative Medicine Home Made Remedies Guest Book Guest Book Discussion Boards Share Experience Post Query ... Specialist Answers NEPHROTIC SYNDROME Q.1) What is nephrotic syndrome? A.1) Nephrotic Syndrome is a common disease in children involving Kidneys. Q.2) How does it occur? A.2) It occurs due to loss of proteins in the urine in large quantities which reduces the amount of protein in blood. Normally as little as 150 mg of protein is excreted in urine by kidneys in a day whilst in Nephrotic Syndrome 2-20 gm may be lost. Q.3) How shall the patient present? A.3) Patients present with swelling around eyes in the morning in the early stage, which subsequently spreads to legs, back, abdomen and whole body. Child may also pass less urine during this time. Q.4) How do you diagnose the condition?

24. Alport Syndrome Home Page Alport Syndrome Home Page why by http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

25. BBC - Health - Conditions - Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome A guide to childhood nephrotic syndrome and its symptoms http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

26. Dr. Koop - Nephrotic Syndrome Definition, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. http://www.drkoop.com/ency/article/000490.htm

Home Health Reference Nephrotic syndrome Jul 29, 2005 Search: Dr.Koop MEDLINE Diseases Symptoms Procedures Natural Medicine ... Drug Library Inside DrKoop News Archive Animations Health Videos Health Tools ... Newsletters Nephrotic syndrome Injury Disease Nutrition Poison ... Prevention Nephrotic syndrome Definition: Nephrotic syndrome is a constellation of signs and symptoms including protein in the urine (exceeding 3.5 grams per day), low blood protein levels, high cholesterol levels, and swelling . The urine may also contain fat, which is visible under the microscope. Alternative Names: Nephrosis Causes, incidence, and risk factors: Nephrotic syndrome is caused by various disorders that damage the kidneys, particularly the basement membrane of the glomerulus. This immediately causes abnormal excretion of protein in the urine The most common cause in children is minimal change disease , while membranous glomerulonephritis is the most common cause in adults. This condition can also occur as a result of infection, drug exposure, malignancy , hereditary disorders, immune disorders, or diseases that affect multiple body systems including diabetes systemic lupus erythematosus multiple myeloma , and amyloidosis . It can accompany kidney disorders, including

27. Nephrotisches Syndrom. Deutsche Seiten http//www.nephroticsyndrome.info/ deut http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

28. National Kidney Foundation: A To Z Health Guide Welcome to the National Kidney Foundation s Kidney Learning System. http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atozItem.cfm?id=93

29. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 17, Ch. 224, Glomerular Diseases An in depth look at nephrotic syndrome as well as lipoid nephrosis, focal segmental gomeruloscleroses, HIVassociated nephropathy, and membranous glomerulonephritis. http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section17/chapter224/224c.htm

var locationOverride = "http://www.merck.com/pubs/"; This Publication Is Searchable The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Section 17. Genitourinary Disorders Chapter 224. Glomerular Diseases Topics [General] Nephritic Syndrome Nephrotic Syndrome Nephrotic Syndrome A predictable complex that results from a severe, prolonged increase in glomerular permeability for protein. Etiology and Classification Nephrotic syndrome (NS) occurs at any age but is more prevalent in children than in adults; in children, it is most common between ages 1 1/2 and 4 yr. There is a predilection for young males, but the sex distribution in older patients is more equal. Proteinuria is thought to occur through functional derangement of two mechanisms: the size-selective barrier leaks large protein molecules, and the charge-selective barrier fails to retain lower mol wt proteins. Diseases causing NS are listed in Table 224-7. Primary causes include minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN). NS can also be due to secondary causes. Symptoms and Signs An early sign of NS is frothy urine due to protein. Other features include anorexia, malaise, puffy eyelids, retinal sheen, abdominal pain, and wasting of muscles. Anasarca with ascites and pleural effusions may occur.

30. Nephrotic Syndrome In Adults nephrotic syndrome in Adults http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

31. National Kidney Foundation: A To Z Health Guide Welcome to the National Kidney Foundation s Kidney Learning System. http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atozItem.cfm?id=53

32. Methodist Health Care System An article about nephrotic syndrome with an explanation as to what it is, the causes and treatment. http://www.methodisthealth.com/urogen/nephsyn.htm

33. Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome Childhood nephrotic syndrome causes high levels of protein in the urine (proteinuria), low levels of protein in the blood and swelling or edema. http://pediatrics.about.com/cs/conditions/a/nephrotic_synd.htm

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34. Pediatric Oncall- NEPHROTIC SYNDROME Patient information on nephrotic syndrome, its cause, treatment, recurrences at www.pediatriconcall.com. http://www.pediatriconcall.com/forpatients/commonchild/nephroticsyndrome.asp

PARENT CORNER Search GO Home Back Search for Pediatricians Hospitals Special Schools Baby Names Holistic Medicines Alternative Medicine Home Made Remedies Guest Book Guest Book Discussion Boards Share Experience Post Query ... Specialist Answers NEPHROTIC SYNDROME Q.1) What is nephrotic syndrome? A.1) Nephrotic Syndrome is a common disease in children involving Kidneys. Q.2) How does it occur? A.2) It occurs due to loss of proteins in the urine in large quantities which reduces the amount of protein in blood. Normally as little as 150 mg of protein is excreted in urine by kidneys in a day whilst in Nephrotic Syndrome 2-20 gm may be lost. Q.3) How shall the patient present? A.3) Patients present with swelling around eyes in the morning in the early stage, which subsequently spreads to legs, back, abdomen and whole body. Child may also pass less urine during this time. Q.4) How do you diagnose the condition?

35. Nephrotic Syndrome A description of nephrotic syndrome with a look at the causes and treatments. http://www.drhull.com/EncyMaster/N/nephrotic_syndrome.html

Help for sleepless parents Encyclopedia Index N nephrotic syndrome Search nephrotic syndrome Ordinarily the kidneys work very efficiently to cleanse the blood of waste products and retain the normal blood constituents - water, salts, and proteins. Nephrotic syndrome, or nephrosis, is a condition in which the kidneys leak protein out of the bloodstream and into the urine. The "basement membrane" of the kidney becomes leaky to proteins and these spill out into the urine. The resultant low blood protein levels cause water to build up in the tissues and the child becomes quite puffy. This disease often follows a routine viral respiratory illness; the cause is not known but is assumed to be an auto-immune phenomenon. It is in the majority of cases relatively benign and self-limited. Steroids often produce rapid improvement. Sometimes nephrosis is only part of a larger problem of inflammation of the kidney, and then favorable prognosis is more uncertain. Peritonitis is a concern in children with nephotic syndrome.

36. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 17, Ch. 224, Glomerular Diseases nephrotic syndrome (NS) occurs at any age but is more prevalent in children than in adults; MULTISYSTEM DISEASES PRESENTING WITH nephrotic syndrome http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section17/chapter224/224c.jsp

37. THE MERCK MANUAL--SECOND HOME EDITION, Nephrotic Syndrome In Ch. 144, Nephritis nephrotic syndrome is a glomerular disorder characterized by severe loss of protein A doctor bases the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome on the symptoms, http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec11/ch144/ch144c.html

var externalLinkWarning = "The link you have selected will take you to a site outside Merck and The Merck Manuals.*n*nThe Merck Manuals do not review or control the content of any non-Merck site. The Merck Manuals do not endorse and are not responsible for the accuracy, content, practices, or standards of any non-Merck sources."; Search The Second Home Edition , Online Version Search Index A B C D ... Z Sections Accidents and Injuries Blood Disorders Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders ... Women's Health Issues Resources Anatomical Drawings Multimedia Pronunciations Weights and Measures ... , Online Version Section Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders Chapter Nephritis Topics Introduction Asymptomatic Proteinuria and Hematuria Syndrome Nephritic Syndrome Nephrotic Syndrome Tubulointerstitial Nephritis Nephrotic Syndrome Buy The Book Print This Topic Email This Topic Pronunciations amyloidosis angiotensin anticoagulants arteritis ... tubulointerstitial Nephrotic syndrome is a glomerular disorder characterized by severe loss of protein in the urine, typically leading to accumulation of fluid (edema) and low levels of the protein albumin in the blood. Nephrotic syndrome can develop from gradual progression of a mild loss of protein in the urine (sometimes called microalbuminuria), or it can develop suddenly. Nephrotic syndrome can occur at any age. In children, it is most common between the ages of 18 months and 4 years, and more boys than girls are affected. In older people, both sexes are more equally affected.

38. EMedicine - Nephrotic Syndrome : Article By Mahendra Agraharkar, MD, FACP nephrotic syndrome nephrotic syndrome is not a disease. The term nephrotic syndrome was coined by Calvin and Goldberg. The syndrome is characterized by http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic1612.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Nephrology Nephrotic Syndrome Last Updated: September 2, 2004 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Mahendra Agraharkar, MD, FACP , President, Space City Associates of Nephrology; Medical Director, Acute Dialysis Unit and Chronic Home Dialysis Unit, Gambro Healthcare Reliant Dialysis Center Coauthor(s): Geeta Gala, MD , Registrar, Department of General Pediatrics, Middlemore Hospital in Auckland, New Zealand; Arun Kumar Gangakhedkar, MD , Registrar, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Starship Children's Hospital of Auckland, New Zealand; Alok Kalia, MD , Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch; Director, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Galveston Mahendra Agraharkar, MD, FACP, is a member of the following medical societies:

39. Kidney Health Australia Explains what nephrotic syndrome is, the causes, the types, treatment and complications. http://www.kidney.org.au/renal_resources/fact_sheets/nephrotic_in_children.asp

Media About us Partnerships Employment ... Login public public HEALTH PROGRAMS Publications Fact sheets Web links ... Research Program BROCHURES AND FACT SHEETS The fact sheets and brochure links below are divided into five sections: -  Kidney Health -  Kidney Diseases -  Kidney Disease Treatments -  Urinary Tract Problems -  Urinary Tract Infections Blood and urine moving through the kidney This information is a general introduction to a topic and not meant to replace medical advice. All care is taken to make sure that the information is relevant to each Australian state. Kidney Health Australia recognises that personal experiences vary. Differences occur in treatment and management according to a person's situation, the health professional and the state one lives in. If you want further medical information always consult your doctor or health team. If you are looking for kidney health information in another language, visit the 'Multicultural Kidney Health Education Resources' section of our  Web links  under the heading 'Sites for Kidney patients, their family and friends'. We want to make this site an informative resource for all the people with or involved in the management of kidney and urological problems. Please email your comments and suggestions to

40. EMedicine - Nephrotic Syndrome : Article By Luther Travis, MD nephrotic syndrome The term nephrosis, or nephrotic syndrome, had its origin in the early 20th century and was introduced primarily to distinguish it from http://www.emedicine.com/PED/topic1564.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Pediatrics Nephrology Nephrotic Syndrome Last Updated: April 14, 2005 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: NS, nephrosis, lipoid nephrosis, primary nephrotic syndrome, primary NS, PNS, idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, idiopathic NS, INS, secondary nephrotic syndrome, secondary NS, minimal change nephrotic syndrome, MCNS, minimal lesion nephrotic syndrome, MLNS, nil disease, steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome, SSNS, steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, SRNS, steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome, SDNS, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, MPN, immunoglobulin M nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, FSGS, membranoproliferative or mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, MPGN, hypocomplementemic glomerulonephritis, membranous glomerulonephritis, MGN, congenital nephrotic syndrome AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Luther Travis, MD

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