41. Myocardial Infarction myocardial infarction (MI) is also called a heart attack. A heart attack occurs when an artery leading to the heart becomes totally blocked. http://www.umm.edu/altmed/ConsConditions/MyocardialInfarctioncc.html

var MenuLinkedBy='AllWebMenus [2]', awmBN='530'; awmAltUrl=''; Maryland Medical Center Programs Complementary Medicine Program Home Medical Reference Alternative / Complementary Medicine ... Conditions Myocardial Infarction Also Listed As: Signs and Symptoms What Causes It? What to Expect at Your Provider's Office Treatment Options ... Supporting Research Myocardial infarction (MI) is also called a heart attack. A heart attack occurs when an artery leading to the heart becomes totally blocked. A heart attack is a medical emergency. Seek immediate medical attention if you or someone else is having the symptoms listed below. Signs and Symptoms Difficulty breathing Dizziness, weakness Nausea, vomiting Irregular heartbeat What Causes It? Atherosclerosis, the process of plaque buildup in an artery until it becomes closed, is the most frequent cause of heart attacks. Heart attacks can also result from heart-muscle spasms or hereditary heart problems. The following increase your risk of having a heart attack. Smoking High-fat diet, excess body weight

42. Myocardial Infarction Home Page myocardial infarction induces global changes in the ventricular architecture, a process called ventricular remodeling. The infarcted heart progressively http://cardiogenomics.med.harvard.edu/groups/proj1/pages/mi_home.html

this site all PGA's View other projects: 1 MI Home Physiology Histology Microarray Data ... Home Background Experimental Design Operational Procedure Interactive web tutorial on Myocardial Infarction * note: this animation requires the Flash 6 player. Test for the Flash Player Download Flash Player Background Despite considerable advances in diagnosis and management over the last three decades, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) continues to be a major public health problem. In the United States nearly 1.5 million patients annually suffer from AMI. Although the acute mortality of AMI is decreasing in the U.S., the prevalence of ischemic cardiomyopathy is rapidly increasing due to an increased life expectancy, and the morbidity, mortality, and economic costs related to ischemic cardiomyopathy are steadily increasing. Almost all myocardial infarctions result from acute transbotic occlusion of pre-existing arteriosclerotic plagues of coronary arteries, which has been mimicked by ligation of the left coronary artery in a variety of animal models, including rats and mice. Myocardial infarction induces global changes in the ventricular architecture, a process called ventricular remodeling. The infarcted heart progressively dilates and accelerates the deterioration of ventricular dysfunction that eventually results in heart failure. As seen in other models of cardiac dysfunction, fetal-type genes, such as ANP and b -MHC genes, are activated (Weber, 1997). At 4 weeks after MI, collagen types I and III and cytokine gene expression increases (Yue et al., 1998). These genes serve as positive control marker genes in systematically evaluating gene expression profiles associated with ventricular remodeling and heart failure after MI.

43. Optimizing Beta-Blocker Use After Myocardial Infarction - October 15, 2000 - Ame In one study of Medicare patients with myocardial infarction, 80 percent of the patients Management of acute myocardial infarction in the very elderly. http://www.aafp.org/afp/20001015/1853.html

Advanced Search AAFP Home Page Journals Vol. 62/No. 8 (October 15, 2000) Optimizing Beta-Blocker Use After Myocardial Infarction PATRICIA A. HOWARD, PHARM.D., and EDWARD F. ELLERBECK, M.D., M.P.H. University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas A patient information handout on beta blockers, written by the authors of this article, is provided on page 1865. Although beta-adrenergic blockers can significantly reduce mortality after a myocardial infarction, these agents are prescribed to only a minority of patients. Underutilization of beta blockers may be attributed, in part, to fear of adverse effects, especially in the elderly and in patients with concomitant disorders such as diabetes or heart failure. However, studies have shown that such patients are precisely the ones who derive the greatest benefit from beta blockade. Advancing age or the presence of potentially complicating disease states is usually not a justification for withholding beta-blocker therapy. With use of cardioselective agents and through careful dosing and monitoring, the benefits of beta blockers after myocardial infarction far outweigh the potential risks in most patients. (Am Fam Physician 2000;62:1853-60, 1865-6.) See editorial on page 1771.

44. Assessment And Treatment Of Depression Following Myocardial Infarction - August Approximately 65 percent of patients with acute myocardial infarction report Assessing for depression in patients with myocardial infarction requires an http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010815/641.html

Advanced Search AAFP Home Page Journals Vol. 64/No. 4 (August 15, 2001) Assessment and Treatment of Depression Following Myocardial Infarction THOMAS P. GUCK, PH.D., MICHAEL G. KAVAN, PH.D., GARY N. ELSASSER, PHARM.D., and EUGENE J. BARONE, M.D. Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska A patient information handout on depression after heart attack, written by the authors of this article, is provided on page 651. A PDF version of this document is available. Download PDF now (8 page(s) / 52 KB). More information on using PDF files. See editorial on page 573. A s many as 65 percent of patients with acute myocardial infarction report experiencing symptoms of depression; major depression is present in 15 to 22 percent of these patients. During the past two decades, a substantial body of evidence has established a link between depression, cardiovascular disease and mortality. Two large, community epidemiologic studies demonstrated a significant relationship between depression and mortality in patients with myocardial infarction. Results from another study

45. Imaginis - Heart Disease - Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) myocardial infarction (heart attack) is a serious result of coronary artery disease. myocardial infarction occurs when a coronary artery is so severely http://imaginis.com/heart-disease/heartattack.asp

search tips Hurricane Katrina Support Heart Disease Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) Format for Printing Main Menu: Overview of Myocardial Infarction Risk Factors for Myocardial Infarction Warning Signs of Myocardial Infarction Diagnosing Myocardial Infarction ... Monitoring Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Overview of Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) Myocardial infarction (heart attack) is a serious result of coronary artery disease . Coronary artery disease occurs from atherosclerosis, when arteries become narrow or hardened due to cholesterol plaque build-up. Further narrowing may occur from thrombi (blood clots) that form on the surfaces of plaques. Myocardial infarction occurs when a coronary artery is so severely blocked that there is a significant reduction or break in the blood supply, causing damage or death to a portion of the myocardium (heart muscle). Depending on the extent of the heart muscle damage, the patient may experience significant disability or die as a result of myocardial infarction. In addition to atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction may result from a temporary contraction or spasm of a coronary artery. When this occurs, the artery narrows and the blood flow from the artery is significantly reduced or stopped. Though the cause of coronary artery spasm is still unknown, the condition can occur in both normal blood vessels and those partially blocked by plaques.

46. Myocardial Infarction EKG Index. myocardial infarction Glossary myocardial infarction INDEX. image. Cases. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 http://sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca/heart/micases.html

Online Journal of Cardiology Medical Teaching EKG WORLD ENCYLOPEDIA EKG Index Myocardial Infarction Glossary Myocardial Infarction INDEX Cases:

47. Electrocardiography Of MI of myocardial infarction. by Matthew Schumaecker edited by Dr. Michael Rosengarten with the participation of Ravi Subramian and Christian Bulcao http://sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca/heart/mimenu.html

The Twelve-Lead Electrocardiography of Myocardial Infarction by: Matthew Schumaecker edited by: Dr. Michael Rosengarten with the participation of Ravi Subramian and Christian Bulcao There are two ways to use this section: The interpretations are written by Matthew Schumaecker and edited by Dr. Michael Rosengarten This section is sponsored by the Molson Medical Informatics Project The project is part of the Online Journal of Cardiology Visit the EKG World Encyclopedia

48. Myocardial Infarction DESCRIPTION Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the rapid development of myocardial necrosis 410.00 Acute myocardial infarction of anterolateral wall http://www.5mcc.com/Assets/SUMMARY/TP0612.html

Myocardial infarction DESCRIPTION: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the rapid development of myocardial necrosis resulting from a sustained and complete reduction of blood flow to a portion of the myocardium, produced by a superimposed thrombosis, generated by a ruptured atherosclerotic plaque Clinical consequences - dependent on the size and location of the infarction and the rapidity with which blood flow can be re-established by pharmacologic or mechanical modalities After total occlusion myocardial necrosis is complete in 4-6 hours. Flow to ischemic area must remain above 40% of pre-occlusion levels for that area to survive. Infarctions can be divided into Q-wave and non Q-wave, with the former being transmural and associated with totally obstructed infarct-related artery and the latter being non-transmural and associated with patent, but highly narrowed infarct-related artery Total occlusion of the left main coronary artery which usually supplies 70% of the LV mass is catastrophic and results in death in minutes System(s) affected: Cardiovascular Genetics: N/A Incidence/Prevalence in USA: Predominant age: Over 40 Predominant sex: Over age 70: Male = Female CAUSES: Coronary thrombosis - most common cause due to ruptured plaque inducing platelet aggregation and then thrombosis has been identified as the initiating factor in most cases Coronary artery spasm Arteritis Embolic infarction Congenital coronary anomalies Oxygen supply - demand imbalance; carbon monoxide poisoning

49. Myocardial Infarction The main cause of myocardial infarction is atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries. http://www.rjmatthewsmd.com/Definitions/myocardial_infarction.htm

This term refers to the death of a certain segment of the heart muscle (myocardium), usually the result of a focal complete blockage in one of the main coronary arteries or a branch thereof. The main cause of myocardial infarction is atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries. Refer to figure 70 for the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. This event results in impaired contractility of the heart muscle within seconds, and is initially restricted to the affected segment. The myocardial ischemia or infarction begins in the endocardium (the inner lining of the heart) and spreads to the epicardium (the outer lining of the heart). Irreversible heart damage will occur if the blockage is complete for at least 15-20 minutes. Irreversible damage occurs maximally in the area at risk, and when the occlusion is maintained for 4-6 hours. Most of the damage occurs in the first 2-3 hours. Restoration of flow within the first 4-5 hours is associated with salvage of the heart muscle, but the salvage is greater if flow is restored in the first 1-2 hours. A major determinant of death and illness is the size of the infarct. Increasing the oxygen supply to the involved site of blockage by coronary reperfusion (angioplasty, figures

50. Myocardial Infarction. If a person at risk of a myocardial infarction (MI) has an acute coronary Circulatory Conditions and Their Treatment after myocardial infarction http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?view_id=1&doc_id=6535

51. Thrombolysis And Adjunctive Therapy In Acute Myocardial Infarction: The Seventh Patients with Acute myocardial infarction (MI) Thrombolysis. Thrombolysis with Streptokinase, Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA), Anistreplase, http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?view_id=1&doc_id=5898

52. Clinical Evidence Cardiovascular Disorders Acute Myocardial Acute myocardial infarction. Search date October 2003. Nicolas Danchin, Edoardo De Benedetti, and Philip Urban. Interventions. We have searched the evidence http://www.clinicalevidence.com/ceweb/conditions/cvd/0202/0202.jsp

53. Circulation -- Subspecialty Collections : Acute Myocardial Infarction Acute myocardial infarction. Citations 110 of 834 total displayed. Mesenchymal Stem Cells for myocardial infarction Promises and Pitfalls Kai C. http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/collection/acute_myocardial_infarction

Acute myocardial infarction Citations 1-10 of 857 total displayed. Most recent content (6 Sep 2005): Editorials Alcohol and Coronary Heart Disease: The Answer Awaits a Randomized Controlled Trial Matthew S. Freiberg and Jeffrey H. Samet Circulation 2005; 112: 1379-1381, doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.568030 [Full text] Epidemiology Drinking Frequency, Mediating Biomarkers, and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Women and Men Circulation 112: 1406 -1413; published online before print as doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.537704 [Abstract] [Full text] Imaging Dynamic Imaging of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Trafficking to Myocardial Infarction Dara L. Kraitchman, Mitsuaki Tatsumi, Wesley D. Gilson, Takayoshi Ishimori, Dorota Kedziorek, Piotr Walczak, W. Paul Segars, Hunter H. Chen, Danielle Fritzges, Izlem Izbudak, Randell G. Young, Michelle Marcelino, Mark F. Pittenger, Meiyappan Solaiyappan, Raymond C. Boston, Benjamin M.W. Tsui, Richard L. Wahl, and Jeff W.M. Bulte Circulation 112: 1451 -1461; published online before print as doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.537480

54. 1999 Update: ACC/AHA Guidelines For The Management Of Patients With Acute Myocar Percutaneous Mechanical Reperfusion During Acute myocardial infarction Primary Coronary Intervention for Acute myocardial infarction http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/100/9/1016

This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted ... Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal ... Request Permissions PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Ryan, T. J. Articles by Smith, S. C., Jr Related Collections Health policy and outcome research Cardiovascular Pharmacology Catheter-based coronary and valvular interventions: other CV surgery: coronary artery disease Circulation. ACC/AHA Practice Guidelines 1999 Update: ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Executive Summary and Recommendations A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction) Committee Members Thomas J. Ryan, MD, FACC, Chair Elliott M. Antman, MD, FACC Neil H. Brooks, MD, FAAFP Robert M. Califf, MD, FACC

55. RCP | Acute Myocardial Infarction Acute myocardial infarction — a clinical overview 3. Principles underlying the core data set 4. How should the data be acquired and from whom? http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/pubs/books/ami/

@import url("/layout.css"); Search: Main Menu Home Specialties International Regions ... Venue Publications Submenu Publications Clinical Medicine Print Publications Online Publications The Newsletter ... Acute Myocardial Infarction Acute Myocardial Infarction : A Core Data Set for monitoring standards of care Acknowledgements Foreword National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease Steering Group Introduction Background and development Standards Acute myocardial infarction Principles underlying the core data set How should the data be acquired and from whom? Data processing, analysis and security Data processing Data analysis Data security Data interpretation Core data Data for calculation of hospital case fatality; some confounders Hospital discharge diagnosis, Case mix, Identifying other patients with infarction, Hospital preference Using outcome indicators Case fatality, Delay in coming under care and lives saved per 1,000 patients treated How should the data be used?

56. RCP CEEU Acute Mycocardial Infarction The myocardial infarction Audit Project (MINAP) began in late 1998 when a Early results from MINAP, the national audit of myocardial infarction project http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/college/ceeu/ceeu_ami_home.htm

@import url("/layout.css"); Search: Main Menu Home Specialties International Regions ... Venue College Submenu College Functions Communications Education dept Exams dept Conference dept ... CEEU : Heart Disease Myocardial Infarction National Audit Project (MINAP) Prepared on behalf of the National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease Introduction The Myocardial Infarction Audit Project (MINAP) began in late 1998 when a broadly based steering group developed a data set for acute myocardial infarction. This allowed clinicians to examine the management of myocardial infarction within their hospitals against targets specified by the National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease (NSF). Background The project uses a highly secure electronic system of data entry, transmission and analysis developed by the Central Cardiac Audit Database (CCAD). The system uses encryption of patient identifiers to allow secure transfer of data between hospitals and central servers. In 2002 the dataset was revised to cover acute coronary syndromes and align with other coronary disease data sets. Continuous online data analysis is available to hospitals showing their performance against NSF targets for delays to thrombolysis and use of secondary prevention medication in comparison to aggregate data. Quarterly reports are available for hospitals, Strategic Health Authorities, the Healthcare Commission and the Department of Health. MINAP is the first national audit to release annual reports showing hospital performance against NSF targets in the public domain which are available below.

57. JAMA -- Abstract: Is This Patient Having A Myocardial Infarction?, October 14, 1 Cardiovascular Disease/ myocardial infarction Diagnosing myocardial infarction Should Patients Carry a Copy of Their ECG? Kao et al. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/280/14/1256

Select Journal or Resource JAMA Archives of Dermatology Facial Plastic Surgery Family Medicine (1992-2000) General Psychiatry Internal Medicine Neurology Ophthalmology Surgery Student JAMA (1998-2004) JAMA CareerNet For The Media Meetings Peer Review Congress Vol. 280 No. 14, October 14, 1998 Featured Link E-mail Alerts The Rational Clinical Examination Article Options Full text PDF Send to a Friend Related articles in this issue ... Similar articles in this journal Literature Track Add to File Drawer Download to Citation Manager PubMed citation Articles in PubMed by Panju AA Simel DL Articles that cite this article ISI Web of Science (33) ... Contact me when this article is cited Topic Collections Rational Clinical Exam Cardiovascular Disease/ Myocardial Infarction Cardiac Diagnostic Tests Topic Collection Alerts Is This Patient Having a Myocardial Infarction? Akbar A. Panju, MBChB, FRCPC Brenda R. Hemmelgarn, PhD, MD Gordon H. Guyatt, MD, MSc, FRCPC David L. Simel, MD, MHS JAMA. When faced with a patient with acute chest pain, clinicians must distinguish myocardial infarction (MI) from all other causes of acute chest pain. If MI is suspected, current therapeutic

58. JAMA -- Sign In Page Cardiovascular Disease/ myocardial infarction. •, Topic Collection Alerts. DrugEluting Stents in Acute myocardial infarction http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/293/17/2154

Select Journal or Resource JAMA Archives of Dermatology Facial Plastic Surgery Family Medicine (1992-2000) General Psychiatry Internal Medicine Neurology Ophthalmology Surgery Student JAMA (1998-2004) JAMA CareerNet For The Media Meetings Peer Review Congress This item is restricted. Please see below for access options. Full Text Drug-Eluting Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Is Science Catching Up With... Cohen and Ohman JAMA. To view this item, select one of the options below: Sign In User Name Subscribers, activate your online access. Help with Cookies. Can't get past this page? Password Forgot your user name or password? Purchase One-time Access Purchase Article - You may access and print this article (from the computer you are currently using) for 24 hours for US $12, plus applicable local tax. Purchase Access -You may access and print articles in JAMA Archives Journals (from the computer you are currently using) for 24 hours for US $30, plus applicable local tax. Regain Access - If you have previously used Purchase Article or Purchase Access and your access period has not yet expired, you may regain access using the user name and password you created at the time of purchase.

59. Adult Health Advisor 2004.2: Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) myocardial infarction is one of the most common diseases in the US and myocardial infarction may occur at any time and often occurs without warning. http://www.med.umich.edu/1libr/aha/aha_myoinf_car.htm

Adult Health Topics All Health Topics Find a UMHS Doctor Search Adult Topics Search All Topics This information is approved and/or reviewed by U-M Health System providers but it is not a tool for self-diagnosis or a substitute for medical treatment. You should speak to your physician or make an appointment to be seen if you have questions or concerns about this information or your medical condition. Index Illustration Illustration Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) What is a myocardial infarction (MI)? Myocardial infarction (MI) is a heart attack. It occurs when there is a sudden, complete blockage of blood flow to a portion of heart muscle. Myocardial infarction is one of the most common diseases in the US and causes a large number of deaths every year. How does it occur? Myocardial infarction may occur at any time and often occurs without warning. As we grow older, our coronary arteries may become narrowed by the buildup of cholesterol plaque. When the arteries narrow, less blood can go through them, and less oxygen gets to the heart muscle. The process of narrowing is called atherosclerosis. The narrower the artery becomes, the more likely it is that a blood clot may form and block the artery completely, causing a heart attack. Sometimes sudden blockages can occur even in places where the artery was not narrow before. A heart attack may occur when the heart muscle needs more oxygen than the blood vessels can provide. This might happen, for example, during hard exercise such as shoveling snow, or with a sudden increase in blood pressure. Less commonly, a heart attack can occur due to coronary spasm. Coronary spasm is a sudden and temporary narrowing of a small part of an artery that supplies blood to the heart. It may be caused by smoking or drugs such as cocaine.

60. AllRefer Health - Heart Attack (Acute MI, MI, Myocardial Infarction) Heart Attack (Acute MI, MI, myocardial infarction) information center covers causes, prevention, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, incidence, risk factors, http://health.allrefer.com/health/heart-attack-info.html

AllRefer Channels :: Yellow Pages Reference Health Home ... Contact Us Quick Jump ADD/ADHD Allergies Alzheimer's Disease Arthritis Asthma Back Pain Breast Cancer Cancer Colon Cancer Depression Diabetes Gallbladder Disease Heart Attack Hepatitis High Cholesterol HIV/AIDS Hypertension Lung Cancer Menopause Migraines/Headaches Osteoporosis Pneumonia Prostate Cancer SARS Stroke Urinary Tract Infection 1600+ More Conditions Alternative Medicine Health News Symptoms Guide Special Topics ... Medical Encyclopedia Web health.allrefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Health Heart Attack Heart Attack Definition Prevention Treatment Expectations or Prognosis ... Go To Main Page Alternate Names : Acute MI, MI, Myocardial Infarction Definition A heart attack (myocardial infarction) occurs when an area of heart muscle dies or is permanently damaged because of an inadequate supply of oxygen to that area. Heart, Section Through the Middle Heart, Front View Acute MI Post Myocardial Infarction ECG Wave Tracings Progressive Build-Up of Plaque in Coronary Artery Posterior Heart Arteries Anterior Heart Arteries Heart Attack Symptoms Most heart attacks are caused by a clot that blocks one of the coronary arteries (the blood vessels that bring blood and oxygen to the heart muscle). The clot usually forms in a coronary artery that has been previously narrowed from changes related to

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