1. EID V3 N1: Mycoplasmal Conjunctivitis In Wild Songbirds: The Spread Of A New Con Report about the disease, particularly affecting House Finches. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol3no1/fischer2.htm

Dispatches Mycoplasmal Conjunctivitis in Wild Songbirds: The Spread of a New Contagious Disease in a Mobile Host Population Download Article A new mycoplasmal conjunctivitis was first reported in wild house finches ( Carpodacus mexicanus ) in early 1994. The causative agent was identified as Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), a nonzoonotic pathogen of poultry that had not been associated with disease in wild songbirds. Since the initial observations of affected house finches in the mid-Atlantic region, the disease has become widespread and has been reported throughout the eastern United States and Canada. By late 1995, mycoplasmal conjunctivitis had spread to an additional species, the American goldfinch ( Carduelis tristis ). This new disease exemplifies the rapid spread of a pathogen following introduction into a mobile wildlife population and provides lessons that may apply to emerging human diseases. In February 1994, house finches with swollen or crusty eyelids and impaired vision were observed at backyard bird feeders in suburban Washington, D.C. ( ). Severely affected birds

2. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 6, Ch. 73, Pneumonia mycoplasmal Pneumonia. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the most common pathogen of mycoplasmal pneumonia is also called primary atypical pneumonia or Eaton http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section6/chapter73/73h.jsp

3. Mycoplasma Research article by Aristo Vojdani on the role of mycoplasmas within disease. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

4. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 13, Ch. 164, Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sexually Transmitted Chlamydial, mycoplasmal, And Ureaplasmal Infections Syphilis Trichomoniasis Genital Candidiasis Balanoposthitis Chancroid http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section13/chapter164/164c.jsp

5. House Finch Disease Survey Home Page Monitors the occurrence of mycoplasmal conjunctivitis, a disease that affects House Finches and other wild bird species in the United States and Canada. Describes the disease and how to recognize it. http://birds.cornell.edu/HOFI/index.html

Do you have House Finches or American Goldfinches at your feeders? Then sign up for the House Finch Disease Survey! The House Finch Disease Survey is an unprecedented opportunity for you to help researchers track the spread of an infectious disease in a wildlife population. The survey is easy to do: participants record the visits of House Finches and American Goldfinches at their feeders and the occurrence of diseased birds, and then send their data to the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. In doing so, they help scientists document the occurrence and spread of mycoplasmal conjunctivitis in the United States and Canada ( view map showing the prevalence of the disease since it was first observed). Your observations are needed so that we may better understand this avian disease. What do birds with conjunctivitis look like? Go to our Photo Gallery to find out. Seen a sick bird and want to report it? Join the House Finch Disease Survey. We can only officially take reports of disease from participants who submit data to us on a semi-regular basis via the House Finch Disease Survey. This is a precaution to ensure that we accurately report disease prevalence (proportion of infected birds in the population). If we take single reports of infection, then it appears that 100% of birds at that location are infected. (photos above by Phil Musta) Quick Links FAQ's Conjunctivitis Vs. Pox

6. Mycoplasmal Infections In Chronic Illnesses mycoplasmal Infections in CFS, FMS and GWI mycoplasmal Infections in Rheumatoid Diseases http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. About House Finch Disease (Mycoplasmal Conjunctivitis) How to recognize mycoplasmal conjunctivitis. 3. Stages of mycoplasmal conjunctivitis More on mycoplasmal conjunctivitis in House Finches http://birds.cornell.edu/hofi/abtdisease.html

Where and when was it first noted? 2. How to recognize Mycoplasmal conjunctivitis Stages of Mycoplasmal conjunctivitis Frequently Asked Questions about the disease More on mycoplasmal conjunctivitis in House Finches Report color-banded House Finches 7. For more information about avian diseases, visit the National Wildlife Health Center web site Photo by John B. Weeth

8. The Institute For Molecular Medicine A nonprofit institute dedicated to discovering new diagnostic and therapeutic solutions for chronic mycoplasma infections. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. Epidemic Mycoplasmal Conjunctivitis Epidemic mycoplasmal Conjunctivitis in House Finches from Eastern North America. Dhondt, André A., Diane L. Tessaglia, Roger Slothower. 1998. http://birds.cornell.edu/hofi/dhondt.html

Epidemic Mycoplasmal Conjunctivitis in House Finches from Eastern North America. 1998. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 34(2): 265-280. House Finches ( Carpodacus mexicanus ) with severe conjunctivitis (later shown to be caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum

10. Fatigue Illness Research PUBLICATIONS 1. The Pathogenesis and Treatment of mycoplasmal Infections Antimicrob. Infect. Dis. Newsl. 1999; 17(11) 8188 html doc http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. Mycoplasmal Pneumonia And Other Mycoplasmal Diseases Of Swine, G77-364-A Swine producers are often confused by the complexity of the mycoplasmal infections; this fact sheet is an attempt to clarify the information that is http://ianrpubs.unl.edu/animaldisease/g364.htm

G77-364-A Mycoplasmal Pneumonia and Other Mycoplasmal Diseases of Swine Swine producers are often confused by the complexity of the mycoplasmal infections; this fact sheet is an attempt to clarify the information that is currently available about these swine diseases. Alex Hogg, University of Nebraska William P. Switzer, Iowa State University Daniel O. Farrington, Iowa State University Previous Category Catalog Order Info Mycoplasmal Pneumonia ... Mycoplasmal Arthritis Swine producers are often confused by the complexity of the mycoplasmal infections. This fact sheet is an attempt to clarify the information that is currently available about these swine diseases. There are three recognized Mycoplasma spp. of bacteria that cause disease in pigs Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyorhinis and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae Mycoplasmal Pneumonia Mycoplasmal pneumonia (in the U.S.) or porcine enzootic pneumonia (England and other countries) is caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae . Another synonym for this disease is swine enzootic pneumonia (SEP). Fifteen years ago this disease was called virus pneumonia of pigs (VPP); since that time it has been discovered that a mycoplasma, not a virus, is the cause. Mycoplasma are very small and readily pass through ordinary bacterial filters. In addition, mycoplasma are difficult to grow in the laboratory. For these reasons, it was originally assumed that mycoplasmal pneumonia was a virus. Mycoplasmal pneumonia affects pigs of all ages, starting with those as young as 7-10 days of age. It is estimated that 90% or more of the swine herds in the Midwestern United States are infected with mycoplasmal pneumonia.

12. EID V3 N1 Mycoplasmal Conjunctivitis In Wild Songbirds The mycoplasmal Conjunctivitis in Wild Songbirds The Spread of a New Contagious Disease in a Mobile Host Population. Download Article http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

13. Mycoplasmal Infections In Chronic Illnesses Except for GWI, most patients had multiple mycoplasmal infections (more than one Patients with FMS or CFS often have multiple mycoplasmal infections and http://www.haciendapub.com/article24.html

Feature Article Mycoplasmal Infections in Chronic Illnesses: Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndromes, Gulf War Illness, HIV-AIDS and Rheumatoid Arthritis Garth L. Nicolson, PhD, Marwan Y. Nasralla, PhD, Joerg Haier, MD, PhD, Robert Erwin, MD, Nancy L. Nicolson, PhD, Richard Ngwenya, MD ABSTRACT M. fermentans, M. hominis, M. penetrans, M. pneumoniae ) were detected. Except for GWI, most patients had multiple mycoplasmal infections (more than one species of mycoplasma). Patients with different diagnoses but overlapping signs and symptoms often have mycoplasmal infections, and such mycoplasma-positive patients generally respond to multiple cycles of particular antibiotics (doxycycline, minocycline, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin). Multiple cycles of these antibiotics plus nutritional support appear to be necessary for successful treatment. In addition, immune enhancement and other supplements appear to help these patients regain their health. Other chronic infections may also be involved to various degrees with or without mycoplasmal infections in causing patient morbidity in various chronic illnesses. Introduction - Chronic Illnesses There is growing awareness that many chronic illnesses may have an infectious nature that is either responsible (causative) for the illness, a cofactor for the illness or appears as an opportunistic infection(s) that is responsible for aggravating patient morbidity.(1) There are several reasons for this notion, including the nonrandom or clustered appearance of an illness, often in immediate family members, the course of the illness, and its response to therapies based on infectious agents. Since chronic illnesses are often complex, involving multiple, nonspecific, overlapping signs and symptoms, they are difficult to diagnose and even more difficult to treat. Most chronic illnesses do not have effective therapies, and patients rarely recover from their conditions,(2) causing in some areas of the world catastrophic economic problems.

14. Medmicro Chapter 37 mycoplasmal pneumonia The term primary atypical pneumonia was coined in the early 1940s to describe pneumonias different from the typical lobar http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

15. Mycoplasmal Infections In Chronic Illnesses Except for GWI, most patients had multiple mycoplasmal infections (more than We have examined the presence of mycoplasmal blood infections in GWI, CFS, http://www.gulfwarvets.com/article24.htm

Mycoplasmal Infections in Chronic Illnesses: Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndromes, Gulf War Illness, HIV-AIDS and Rheumatoid Arthritis Garth L. Nicolson, PhD, Marwan Y. Nasralla, PhD, Joerg Haier, MD, PhD, Robert Erwin, MD, Nancy L. Nicolson, PhD, Richard Ngwenya, MD ABSTRACT M. fermentans, M. hominis, M. penetrans, M. pneumoniae ) were detected. Except for GWI, most patients had multiple mycoplasmal infections (more than one species of mycoplasma). Patients with different diagnoses but overlapping signs and symptoms often have mycoplasmal infections, and such mycoplasma-positive patients generally respond to multiple cycles of particular antibiotics (doxycycline, minocycline, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin). Multiple cycles of these antibiotics plus nutritional support appear to be necessary for successful treatment. In addition, immune enhancement and other supplements appear to help these patients regain their health. Other chronic infections may also be involved to various degrees with or without mycoplasmal infections in causing patient morbidity in various chronic illnesses. Introduction - Chronic Illnesses There is growing awareness that many chronic illnesses may have an infectious nature that is either responsible (causative) for the illness, a cofactor for the illness or appears as an opportunistic infection(s) that is responsible for aggravating patient morbidity.(1) There are several reasons for this notion, including the nonrandom or clustered appearance of an illness, often in immediate family members, the course of the illness, and its response to therapies based on infectious agents. Since chronic illnesses are often complex, involving multiple, nonspecific, overlapping signs and symptoms, they are difficult to diagnose and even more difficult to treat. Most chronic illnesses do not have effective therapies, and patients rarely recover from their conditions,(2) causing in some areas of the world catastrophic economic problems.

16. Synergic Effects Of Mycoplasmal Lipopeptides And Extracellular ATP Synergic Effects of mycoplasmal Lipopeptides and Extracellular ATP on Activation of Macrophages http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

17. Synergic Effects Of Mycoplasmal Lipopeptides And Extracellular ATP Your browser does not support frames. Click here to view the unframed reprint. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

18. Is Fibromyalgia Caused By A Mycoplasmal Infection? Fibromyalgia is caused by a mycoplasmal infection in the neuroendocrine system. Justification. The advances in research on Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) over http://www.rain-tree.com/fibromyalgia.htm

Hypothesis: Fibromyalgia is caused by a mycoplasmal infection in the neuroendocrine system. Justification: The advances in research on Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) over the last 5 years has targeted specific links and correlations which might indicate a dysregulation or imbalance of the neuroendocrine system, especially the HPA axis, which may well explain many of the seemingly unrelated symptoms presented by FMS patients. Research supports that various components of the central nervous system appear to be involved, including the hypothalamic pituitary axes, pain-processing pathways, and autonomic nervous system. The advances in gene research during this same time peroid has provided new evidence in the identification and pathogenesis of specific species of mycoplasmas which might have the ability to cause a dysregulation of the neuroendocrine system. To learn more about mycoplasmas, how they deregulate cellular functions and cause a wide rang of diseases and syndromes in the body: Follow these links: What is a Mycoplasma?

19. Is Fibromyalgia Caused By A Mycoplasmal Infection? Hypothesis Fibromyalgia is caused by a mycoplasmal infection in the neuroendocrine system. Justification http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

20. 1998: "Detection Of Mycoplasmal Infections In Blood Of Patients With Rheumatoid i British Journal of Rheumatology in press /i http://www.immed.org/publications/autoimmune_illness/1GNetal-AutismAustr02.3.22.

Proc. Intern. Mind of a Child Conference, Sydney, Australia 2002 Chronic Mycoplasmal Infections in Autism Patients Garth L. Nicolson,1 PhD, Marwan Y. Nasralla,2 PhD, Paul Berns,1 MD and Jeorg Haier,3 MD, PhD 1The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, California, USA,, 2International Molecular Diagnostics, Inc., Huntington Beach, California, USA, 3Department of Internal Medicine, and 3Department of Surgery, Wilhelm-University, Munster, Germany Correspondence: Prof. Garth L. Nicolson, Office of the President, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, 15162 Triton Lane, Huntington Beach, California 92649. Tel: 714-903-2900; Fax: 714-379-2082; Email: gnicolson@immed.org ; Website: www.immed.org Abstract A majority of Autism patients have systemic bacterial, viral and fungal infections that may play an important part in their illnesses. We found that immediate family members of veterans diagnosed with Gulf War Illnesses (GWI) often complain of fatiguing illnesses, and upon analysis they report similar signs and symptoms as their veteran family members, except that their children are often diagnosed with Autism. Since a relatively common finding in GWI patients is a bacterial infection due to Mycoplasma fermentans , we examined military families (149 patients: 42 veterans, 40 spouses, 32 other relatives and 35 children with at least one family complaint of illness) selected from a group of 110 veterans with GWI who tested positive (~42%) for mycoplasmal infections. Consistent with previous results, over 80% of GWI patients who were positive for blood mycoplasmal infections had only one

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