21. Muscles The muscular dystrophies; Myasthenia Gravis; The Cardiac Myopathies Among themost common of the muscular dystrophies are those caused by mutations in http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/M/Muscles.html

Index to this page Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle The Muscle Fiber Thick and Thin Filaments The anatomy of a sarcomere ... The Cardiac Myopathies Muscles Animals use muscles to convert the chemical energy of ATP into mechanical work. Three different kinds of muscles are found in vertebrate animals Heart muscle cardiac muscle Smooth muscle is found in the walls of all the hollow organs of the body (except the heart). Its contraction reduces the size of these structures. Thus it regulates the flow of blood in the arteries moves your breakfast along through your gastrointestinal tract expels urine from your urinary bladder sends babies out into the world from the uterus regulates the flow of air through the lungs The contraction of smooth muscle is generally not under voluntary control. Skeletal muscle , as its name implies, is the muscle attached to the skeleton. It is also called striated muscle . The contraction of skeletal muscle is under voluntary control. Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle A single skeletal muscle, such as the triceps muscle, is attached at its

22. Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy - For Patients And Families - The All limbgirdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD) show a similar distribution of muscle The limb-girdle muscular dystrophies are known to be genetically http://www.chg.duke.edu/patients/lgmd.html

23. Welcome To NHS Direct Online The muscular dystrophies are a group of over 20 hereditary muscle disorders in Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy is the most common and most severe type. http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/en.asp?TopicID=319

24. What Is Muscular Dystrophy? Inheritance and the muscular dystrophies Muscular Dystrophy Campaign Glossary Muscular Dystrophy Muscular Dystrophy Association of Canada (also in http://www.noah-health.org/en/bjm/md/what/

Skip navigation About NOAH Help English Spanish Both Advanced NOAH Bone, Joint and Muscle Change text size: What is Muscular Dystrophy? Updated: January 6, 2005 The Basics Muscular Dystropy Information Page National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke Childen and Muscular Dystrophy The Meaning of Muscular Dystrophy KidsHealth Diagnosis Diagnostic Procedures Muscular Dystrophy Association Genetics Inheritance and the Muscular Dystrophies Muscular Dystrophy Campaign Glossaries Glossary Muscular Dystrophy Muscular Dystrophy Association of Canada (also in French Specific Types Types of Muscular Dystrophy and Neuromuscular Diseases University of Virginia (also in Spanish Teens and Muscular Dystrophy Making Sense of Muscular Dystropy KidsHealth Researched by NOAH Contributing Editor: NOAH Team NOAH Bone, Joint and Muscle Muscular Dystrophy > What is Muscular Dystrophy? Health Topics Index A to Z Page of the Month Advanced Search ... Feedback

25. What Is Muscular Dystrophy? muscular dystrophies are genetic diseases. Forms of muscular dystrophy can bepassed on from generation to generation, or they can occur spontaneously in a http://www.muscle.ca/content/index.php?id=999

26. Muscular Dystrophy Childhood muscular dystrophies Sharing a Common Pathogenesis of Membrane InstabilityPart A 0.9 MG, Download Here Part B 1.2 MG, Download Here http://www.med.nyu.edu/neuromuscular/md/

NYU Medical Center Home NYU School of Medicine Home Research Home Administration ... Calendars NYU Muscular Dystrophy (MD) Program Literature: You must have Adobe Acrobat Reader to view and/or print this file*. If you do not have Acrobat Reader click the link above to download the program. Muscle Pathology Part A: 1 MG, Download Here Part B: 1 MG, Download Here Clinical Features, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of the Inflammatory Myopathies Part A: 1.5 MG, Download Here Part B: 1.4 MG, Download Here Part C: 1.2 MG, Download Here Metabolic Myopathies Part A: 1.3 MG, Download Here Part B: 1.3 MG, Download Here Part C: 1.4 MG, Download Here Part D: 1.7 MG, Download Here Part E: 1.5 MG, Download Here Childhood Muscular Dystrophies Sharing a Common Pathogenesis of Membrane Instability Part A: 0.9 MG, Download Here Part B: 1.2 MG, Download Here Distal Myopathies Part A: 1.0 MG, Download Here Part B: 1.0 MG, Download Here Part C: 1.2 MG, Download Here * The links above will open Adobe Acrobat (PDF) files. Viewing the articles in your browser may require a high speed connection, (e.g. DSL, Cable Modem or T1). If you are using a dial-up modem we suggest right clicking on the link and saving the file to your hard disk. Then view the file off-line using Adobe Acrobat. NYU Medical Center NYU School of Medicine Research at NYU Administration ... Contact Webmaster

27. Muscular Dystrophy MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY AND RELATED CONDITIONS Duchenne and Other muscular dystrophies;Metabolic and Congenital Myopathies; Hereditary and Acquired http://www.kfshrc.edu.sa/symposia/html/muscular_dystrophy.html

Symposium MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY AND RELATED CONDITIONS 29-30 September 2003 / 03-04 Shaban 1424 TOPICS Duchenne and Other Muscular Dystrophies Metabolic and Congenital Myopathies Hereditary and Acquired Peripheral Neuropathies Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis and Inclusion Body Myositis Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Polio and Post-Polio Syndrome Spinal Muscular Atrophy CERTIFICATE OF ATTENDANCE Certificates of Attendance will be available on the final day of the symposium ONLY . Please collect your certificate from the Symposium Registration Desk before you leave, as they will NOT be available once the symposium is over. INFORMATION ABOUT CMEs The Saudi Council for Health Specialties has accredited this Symposium. The number of CME hours is 14, Council Eligibility Number 3/2871, Date 10/7/1424.

28. CCHS Clinical Digital Library muscular dystrophies and Other Muscle Diseases Table of contents Chapter 188 Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy Access document http://cchs-dl.slis.ua.edu/clinical/neurology/neuromusculardisorders/musculardys

Clinical Resources by Topic: Neurology Muscular Dystrophy Clinical Resources Pediatrics Pathology Genetics Physical/Rehabilitation ... Miscellaneous Resources See also: Neurological Clinical Procedure Resources General Neurology Clinical Resources Muscular Dystrophy Patient/Family Resources Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 16th Ed.-2005: Table of contents Health Sciences Library subscription INFO Chapter 367. Approach to the Patient with Muscle Disease: Table of contents Introduction: Access document Clinical Features: Access document Laboratory Evaluation: Access document Further Reading: Access document Chapter 368. Muscular Dystrophies and Other Muscle Diseases: Table of contents Introduction: Access document Hereditary Myopathies: Access document Further Reading: Access document Goetz: Textbook of Clinical Neurology 2nd Ed.-2003 (MD Consult): Table of contents Health Sciences Library subscription INFO Chapter 15 - Strength and Reflexes: Access document History and Definitions: Access document Clinical History: Access document Anatomy of Strength and Reflexes: Access document Examination of Strength and Reflexes: Access document Evaluation Guidelines: Access document Clinical Syndromes: Access document General Management Goals: Access document Reviews and Selected Updates: Access document References: Access document Chapter 36 - Degenerative Motor, Sensory, and Autonomic Disorders:

29. Stem Cell Behaviour In Muscle Cells With Implications For Muscular Dystrophy and could have implications for possible therapies for muscular dystrophy . of disablement and eventually of death in severe muscular dystrophies. http://www.mrc.ac.uk/index/public-interest/public-news_centre/public-news_list/p

News centre News New website and initiatives from national 3Rs centre UK Biobank Chief Stem cell implications for muscular dystrophy Mystery of energy enzyme New Thrombosis drug less effective Brain development and vision WWII blood plasma bank ... News : Stem cell implications for muscular dystrophy MRC scientists discover stem cell behaviour in muscle cells with implications for muscular dystrophy It has long been suspected, but never proved, that satellite cells are the main source of muscle regeneration. In this study a team at the MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, in collaboration with scientists at the Eastman Dental Institute, UCL, investigated the stem cell-like behaviour of satellite cells by imitating studies on bone marrow stem cells. Please quote the mrc as the source of this story About MRC Public Interest Funding Current Research ... Search

30. HHMI News: Muscle-Repair Defect Underlies Two Muscular Dystrophies MuscleRepair Defect Underlies Two muscular dystrophies. A protein defective intwo types of muscular dystrophy also appears to be important in repairing http://www.hhmi.org/news/campbell5.html

Human Brain Is Still Evolving One Shot: Researchers Capture Pictures of Fusion Events That Enable Sperm to Penetrate Egg's Coating Human Y Chromosome Preserves Itself Better Than the Chimp Y More May 08, 2003 Muscle-Repair Defect Underlies Two Muscular Dystrophies A protein defective in two types of muscular dystrophy also appears to be important in repairing damaged muscle, according to Howard Hughes Medical Institute researchers at the University of Iowa College of Medicine. The discovery reveals the first known component of the machinery that repairs the damaged membrane in a muscle fiber. Further studies of this and related proteins could lead to a better understanding of disorders that affect cardiac and skeletal muscles. Kevin P. Campbell Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Kevin Campbell and Dimple Bansal led the research group that published its findings in the May 8, 2003, issue of the journal Nature . Campbell and his colleagues reported that their studies in mice showed that a mutant form of the muscle protein dysferlin prevents normal muscle repair in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B) and Miyoshi Myopathy (MM). Campbell and his colleagues at the University of Iowa College of Medicine collaborated with Paul McNeil and his laboratory at The Medical College of Georgia. The two forms of muscular dystrophy, which are relatively rare, have a later onset than other types of muscular dystrophy. Another research group had shown that mutations affecting dysferlin caused the muscular dystrophies, said Campbell, but little was known about how its absence caused disease.

31. Muscular Dystrophy - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia The muscular dystrophies are the most common hereditary diseases. Duchenne MDis the most common form of muscular dystrophy affecting children, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_Dystrophy

You did it! Over US$240,000 was donated in the 21 day fund drive. Thank you for your generosity! You are still welcome to make a donation or purchase Wikimedia merchandise Muscular dystrophy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (Redirected from Muscular Dystrophy The muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic and hereditary muscle diseases; characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, defects in muscle proteins , and the death of muscle cells and tissue . In some forms of muscular dystrophy, cardiac and smooth muscles are affected. The muscular dystrophies are the most common hereditary diseases Contents Cause Types Treatment Prognosis ... edit Cause The dystrophies are caused by mutations of genes involved in muscle structure, with the gene for the dystrophin protein being the most prominent one. The dystrophin gene is located on the X chromosome (Thus making it a ' sex-linked ' disorder). Accordingly, muscular dystrophies are much more common in males, as females have two copies of that chromosome, males have only one. edit Types The major types of muscular dystrophy include: Becker's muscular dystrophy Congenital muscular dystrophy Distal muscular dystrophy Duchenne muscular dystrophy ... Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy Myotonic muscular dystrophy Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy Severe childhood autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy Duchenne MD is the most common form of muscular dystrophy affecting children, and myotonic muscular dystrophy is the most common form affecting

32. Dystrophinopathies (Duchenne And Becker Muscular Dystrophies Useful Web Sites Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA) web site. SummaryDystrophinopathies are Xlinked recessive muscular dystrophies associated with http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroHelp/ZNN0IE13.htm

Dystrophinopathies (Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophies) NeuroLearn NeuroHelp Muscle Background ... Differential Diagnosis BACKGROUND AND CLINICAL INFORMATION Head Summary Dystrophin-Glycoprotein Complex (DGC) Biochemical Diagnosis ... Clinical Features Useful Web Sites: Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA) web site Summary Dystrophinopathies are X-linked recessive muscular dystrophies associated with abnormal dystrophin coded by the dystrophin gene on chromosome Xp21.2. Duchenne muscular dystrophy should be regarded as the more severe form and Becker muscular dystrophy should be regarded as a mild allelic variant of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Multiplex PCR analysis is useful for molecular diagnosis. The histologic picture is that of muscular dystrophy and typically with small clusters of necrotic fibers found at the periphery of the muscle fascicle. The lack of dystrophin can be evaluated by western blot and immunostaining. Incidence: Duchenne muscular dystrophy occurs at a frequency of 1/3500 life born male. Genetics: The dystrophin gene (2.3 Mb, about 1% of the entire X chromosome) on chromosome Xp21.2 is one of the largest genes that has been identified thus far. The coding sequences comprise only 0.6% of the gene.

33. EPodiatry muscular dystrophies. Comments Muscular dystrophy Association CommentsLimbgirdle muscular dystrophy Comments Childhood muscular dystrophies http://www.epodiatry.com/education_sub3.asp?topic=Pediatrics&sub1=Learning resou

34. Elsevier.com - Congenital Muscular Dystrophies Nosological establishment of congenital muscular dystrophies in the history ofmedicine. 2. Exciting new developments in congenital muscular dystrophy. 3. http://www.elsevier.com/wps/product/cws_home/600254

Home Site map Regional Sites Advanced Product Search ... Congenital Muscular Dystrophies Book information Product description Author information and services Ordering information Bibliographic and ordering information Conditions of sale Book related information Submit your book proposal Other books in same subject area About Elsevier Select your view CONGENITAL MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES Edited by Y. Fukuyama M. Osawa K. Saito , Tokyo Women's Medical College, Tokyo, Japan Included in series Developments in Neurology, 13 Description Edited by Yukio Fukuyama, who can boast a lifelong dedication to pioneering research in congenital muscular dystrophy, this volume will bring fresh impetus to new areas, and areas of research neglected in the preceding 50 years. The recognition and delineation of Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) as a distinct clinico-genetic entity, dating back to 1960, brought about a revolutionary turn in the approach to CMD research. Knowledge of FCMD was gradually disseminated from Japan to the rest of the world, triggering an explosion of interest, and thereby facilitating a comparative study of experiences between different institutions worldwide, which led to the re-evaluation of previously overlooked related syndromes. Thus, recent progress in CMD research has been rapid, and the pace continues to accelerate. This remarkable progress raises challenges for anyone attempting to closely follow the breakthroughs which are taking place daily in various corners of the world. To promote further progress in this research, however, quick acquisition of up-to-date information is of vital importance.

35. Disease - Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy (LGMD) LGMD has also been mistaken for fascioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy andcongenital LGMD previously referred to muscular dystrophies inherited in an http://disability.ucdavis.edu/resources/diseases/list/disease.asp?id=7

36. UniProt Knowledgebase Keyword: Congenital Muscular Dystrophy The congenital muscular dystrophies (CMD) are a heterogeneous group of (Fukuyamatype congenital muscular dystrophy protein), Homo sapiens (Human), 461 http://www.expasy.org/cgi-bin/get-entries?KW=Congenital muscular dystrophy

37. COOPERATIVE RESEARCH CENTER FOR MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, News Bureau - University Of The Muscular Dystrophy Association is expected to issue an announcement of available These new research centers in muscular dystrophies arise from the http://newsbureau.upmc.com/Magee/MDResearchCenter.htm

Contact: Michele Baum Patients and medical professionals may call 1-800-533-UPMC (8762) for more information. Telephone: Fax: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH NAMED COOPERATIVE RESEARCH CENTER FOR MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY University among three institutions to receive National Institutes of Health grants to develop treatments for muscle-wasting diseases PITTSBURGH, Oct. 14, 2003 - The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine is among three medical schools nationwide to be named as a cooperative center for muscular dystrophy research by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The centers, also at the University of Washington, Seattle and the University of Rochester School of Medicine, New York, are each being funded for five years at up to $1 million a year. The Muscular Dystrophy Association is expected to issue an announcement of available supplements to provide up to $500,000 a year for three years at each center for additional projects. A group of some 20 congenital muscle-wasting illnesses, muscular dystrophies are caused by genetic errors in a number of muscle genes. For example, the absence of a key muscle protein called dystrophin is the reason for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common, debilitating and lethal childhood muscle disease, which affects about one in every 3,000 boys, according to the advocacy group Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy.

38. Muscular Dystrophy Community Assistance, Research And Education Amendments Of 20 respect to various forms of muscular dystrophy, including Duchenne, oculopharyngeal, distal, and EmeryDreifuss muscular dystrophies. http://www7.nationalacademies.org/ocga/Laws/PL107_84.asp

Jump to Top News Jump to Science in the Headlines Search: Subscribe to our FREE e-newsletter! NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE ... Request a Report (Congressional and Government Staff Only) Mailing Address: The Office of Congressional and Public Affairs The National Academies Room NAS 220 2101 Consitution Avenue NW Washington, DC 20418 Tel: (202) 334-1601 Fax: (202) 334-2419 Back to Main Page Title of Law: Muscular Dystrophy Community Assistance, Research and Education Amendments of 2001 (MD-CARE Act) Law #: Public Law 107- 84 Passed by Congress: 107th Congress (1st Session) The following are excerpts from the final legislation and/or conference between passages denote the deletion of unrelated text.) HR717 Wicker (R-Miss.) 11/29/01 Enrolled (finally passed both houses) To amend the Public Health Service Act to provide for research with respect to various forms of muscular dystrophy, including Duchenne, Becker, limb girdle, congenital, facioscapulohumeral, myotonic, oculopharyngeal, distal, and Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophies.

39. Muscular Dystrophy Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is the third most common musculardystrophy after Duchenne and myotonic dystrophies with an estimated http://www.med.umich.edu/pfund/musculard.htm

PFUND HOME Neurological Diseases Research Young Scholars Summer Program Events ... UMHS HOME Muscular Dystrophy Muscular dystrophies are a group of inherited, primary diseases of muscle (i.e., the muscle tissue itself is not normal) characterized by progressive loss of strength in specific muscle groups. The muscle degenerates (atrophies) and is replaced by fat and/or connective tissue. The muscular dystrophies vary with regard to the age of onset, speed of progression, and ultimate outcome (ranging from mild disability to death). Within the past 15 years, a large number of genes associated with particular muscular dystrophies have been identified, and more are being investigated. Understanding the causes of muscular dystrophies will be improved when researchers have classified the types of muscle proteins that are disrupted by the disease. Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is the third most common muscular dystrophy after Duchenne and myotonic dystrophies with an estimated prevalence of 1:20,000. This disease results in severe disability in 15-20% of affected individuals. Clinical diagnosis of FSHD is based on the presence of weakness in face, upper arms, and shoulders. FSHD is inherited in a dominant manner although as many as a third of cases have no family history. The mutation associated with FSHD is located on human chromosome 4. So far, though, this has not led to the immediate identification of a single gene that causes the disease. Rather, researchers now assert that the disease may result from disruption of the overall structure of a particular region of chromosome 4. PFUND Investigators are exploring the causes of FSHD by comparing gene expression in muscle cells collected from healthy and FSHD human muscle samples.

40. Muscular Dystrophy Association The muscular Dystrophy Association is a voluntary health agency a dedicatedpartnership between scientists and concerned citizens aimed at conquering http://www.mdausa.org/

Search Our Site Enter Your Zip Code: Click on your state for local offices and special events in California Florida or New York MDA Telethon Raises $54.9 Million, Assists in Hurricane Relief MDA Providing Emergency Services for Hurricane Refugees with Muscular Dystrophy MDA Telethon to Appeal for Hurricane Relief ... Hilton Head Woman Named MDA Chairman Read More Top MDA News Stories Neurotrophin 3 Shows Promise in CMT Subtle Heart Abnormalities Seen in FSHD MDA Researchers Improve Health, Survival Of Mice With Severe Congenital MD ... University of Iowa Named Fourth Wellstone Center Read More Top MDA Research News Stories a video highlighting MDA programs and services Donate Now National Events Volunteer Gift Planning ... MDA sponsors raise funds year-round to help make possible our worldwide research effort and our vast array of services. Link your Web site to MDA Update your address here The Muscular Dystrophy Association MDA combats neuromuscular diseases through programs of worldwide research, comprehensive medical and community services, and far-reaching professional and public health education.

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