1. Muscular Dystrophy Information Page National Institute Of What is Muscular Dystrophy? The muscular dystrophies (MD) are a group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

2. Guidelines For Grant Applications | MDA Research for the muscular dystrophies and related diseases of the neuromuscular system.These are the muscular dystrophies (among which are Duchenne and Becker); http://www.mdausa.org/research/guidelines.html

MDA Research Grants Programs Muscular Dystrophy Association - USA Table of Contents MDA Research Grants Program Purpose Research Grant Development Grant ... Report of Expenditures - DG PURPOSE MDA supports research aimed at developing treatments for the muscular dystrophies and related diseases of the neuromuscular system. These are the muscular dystrophies (among which are Duchenne and Becker); motor neuron diseases (including ALS and SMA); the peripheral nerve disorders (CMT and Friedreich's ataxia); inflammatory myopathies; disorders of the neuromuscular junction; metabolic diseases of muscle as well as other myopathies. Please see diseases for complete list. RESEARCH GRANT To be eligible to apply for an MDA research grant, an applicant must: Be a professional or faculty member at an appropriate educational, medical or research institution and be qualified to conduct and supervise a program of original research; Have access to institutional resources necessary to conduct the proposed research project; and Hold a Doctor of Medicine, Doctor of Philosophy, Doctor of Science or equivalent degree.

3. Muscular Dystrophy Association The Muscular Dystrophy Association is a voluntary health agency a dedicated partnership between scientists and concerned citizens aimed at http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

4. MedlinePlus Muscular Dystrophy Overviews. Major Characteristics of the Nine (9) muscular dystrophies (Muscular Dystrophy Association) http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

5. Muscular Dystrophy Campaign About us. The Muscular Dystrophy Campaign is the only UK charity focusing on all muscular dystrophies and allied disorders. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

6. Muscular Dystrophy Association - Australia Archive of MDA Articles Muscular Dystrophy Australia Inc 111 Boundary Road North Melbourne VIC 3051 Australia http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. Leiden Muscular Dystrophy Pages Contents Index of subjects discussed at these pages muscular dystrophies on these pages http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. Arch Neurol Abstract The Congenital And Limb-Girdle Muscular . Topic Collection Alerts The Congenital and LimbGirdle muscular dystrophies Sharpening the Focus, Blurring the Boundaries http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. DMD DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY muscular dystrophies DUCHENNE AND BECKER. What Are muscular dystrophies?The muscular dystrophies are a group of muscle diseases which have three features http://www.mda.org.au/specific/mdadmd.html

FACT SHEET MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES: DUCHENNE AND BECKER What Are Muscular Dystrophies? The muscular dystrophies are a group of muscle diseases which have three features in common: they are hereditary; they are progressive; and each causes a characteristic, selective pattern of weakness. This fact sheet deals only with the Duchenne type muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker type muscular dystrophy (BMD). Please contact the Muscular Dystrophy Association for information about other types of muscular dystrophy and related neuromuscular disorders. Why are DMD and BMD discussed together? DMD and BMD cause similar patterns of weakness and disability and are inherited in the same way. Weakness and disability are more severe in DMD and in BMD. Becker dystrophy is like a less severe form of Duchenne dystrophy. Recently it was shown that DMD and BMD are due to defects of the same gene. The normal function of the gene is to enable muscle fibres to make a particular chemical substance, a protein called dystrophin. Muscle fibres in people affected with DMD are extremely deficient in dystrophin, in BMD the deficiency is less severe. DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (DMD) What would make a doctor suspect Duchenne Dystrophy (DMD)?

10. Muscular Dystrophy Family Foundation - No Boundaries Nonprofit foundation that provides adaptive equipment and emotional support to individuals and families affected by any one of 40 neuromuscular http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. Muscular Dystrophy Canada Dystrophie Musculaire Canada - - Muscular Dystrophy Canada is a bilingual organization Dystrophie musculaire Canada est un organisme bilingue All rights reserved 2003 2005 http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

12. MedlinePlus: Muscular Dystrophy From the National Institutes of Health; Muscular Dystrophy (MD) (National Overviews; Major Characteristics of the Nine (9) muscular dystrophies http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/musculardystrophy.html

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Other health topics: A B C D ... List of All Topics Muscular Dystrophy Contents of this page: From the NIH Overviews Diagnosis/Symptoms Treatment ... Teenagers Search MEDLINE/PubMed for recent research articles on Muscular Dystrophy You may also be interested in these MedlinePlus related pages: Bones, Joints and Muscles Genetics/Birth Defects From the National Institutes of Health Muscular Dystrophy (MD) (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - Short Summary Overviews Major Characteristics of the Nine (9) Muscular Dystrophies (Muscular Dystrophy Association) Muscular Dystrophy (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Muscular Dystrophy - Du Chenne (Patient Education Institute) - Requires Flash Player Diagnosis/Symptoms Accurate and Affordable Diagnosis of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) Creatine Kinase Test (Muscular Dystrophy Association) DNA Testing (REHABinfo Network) Electromyography and Nerve Conduction Velocities (Muscular Dystrophy Association) Muscle Biopsies (Muscular Dystrophy Association) Treatment Steroids / Nutritional Supplements / Antibiotics (Parent Project for Muscular Dystrophy Research) Prevention/Screening Genetic Testing for Newborns at Increased Risk (American Association for Clinical Chemistry) Coping 101 Hints to "Help-with-Ease" for Patients with Neuromuscular Disease

13. News - European Medicines Agency Grants Orphan Drug Designation DMD is perhaps the most prevalent of the muscular dystrophies and is the most common lethal genetic disorder diagnosed during childhood today. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

14. Muscular Dystrophies: Information For Non-scientists (former Muscular Dystrophy Group of Great Britain and Northern Ireland); MDA Muscular Parent Project for Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy http://www.dmd.nl/nonsciuk.html

Leiden Muscular Dystrophy pages Information for non-scientists on muscular dystrophies (last modified August 2005; with the help of Vladimir Vladimirov) NOTE: most of these items follow links to the homepage of the Muscular Dystrophy Campaign, the MDC Nederlandse versie Contents help us - student training Research Approaches Towards a Cure - by Günter Scheuerbrandt , updated regularly Muscular dystrophies - facts about specific muscular dystrophies. A.o.; Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) Limb-Girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD / SCARMD) Congenital muscular dystrophies (CMD) ... Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UMD) Inheritance of muscular dystrophies (genetics) a n introduction to basic genetics inheritance and muscular dystrophies pregnancy and reproduction in muscle disorders ... a muscle biopsy: what happens ? / what is how analysed ? European directory of laboratories performing DNA diagnosis: EDDNAL Potential therapies research advances in Duchenne muscular dystrophy Glossary of terms Links to other sites International MDC - Muscular Dystrophy Campaign - UK (former Muscular Dystrophy Group of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) MDA - Muscular Dystrophy Association - USA AFM - Association Francaise contre les Myopathies - France ENMC - European Neuromuscular Center Telethon (Italy) MuscleNet (Italy) Parent Project for Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy Neuromuscular Disease Center (Washington University, St.Louis, USA)

15. Muscular Dystrophy Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common form affecting children, Genetic tests Several of the muscular dystrophies can be positively diagnosed http://www.clevelandclinic.org/health/health-info/docs/2100/2112.asp?index=8877

16. Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy EmeryDreifuss MD is a very rare form of muscular dystrophy. Genetic testsSeveral of the muscular dystrophies can be positively diagnosed by testing http://www.clevelandclinic.org/health/health-info/docs/2100/2109.asp?index=8881

17. Fortnightly Review: The Muscular Dystrophies -- Emery 317 (7164): 991 -- BMJ The muscular dystrophies are a group of inherited disorders It soon becameclear that the X linked muscular dystrophies included not only the severe http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/317/7164/991

Home Help Search Archive ... Table of Contents Author Keyword(s) Vol Page [Advanced] This article Extract PDF Respond to this article Alert me when this article is cited ... View citation map Services Email this article to a friend Find similar articles in BMJ Find similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal ... Read articles citing this article PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Emery, A. E H Related content Other Neurology BMJ 1998;317:991-995 ( 10 October ) Clinical review Fortnightly review The muscular dystrophies Alan E H Emery emeritus professor Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW Correspondence to: Professor Emery, 2 Ingleside, Upper West Terrace, Budleigh Salterton, Devon EX9 6NZ In 1954 based on their own detailed clinical studies and an extensive review of the earlier literature, Walton and Nattrass proposed a new and valuable classification of the muscular dystrophies. Ten years later Walton reviewed advances in the subject in the BMJ Many developments have taken place since then during a period in which there have been important advances in the application of molecular biology to medicine. Using protein studies and gene

18. THE MERCK MANUAL--SECOND HOME EDITION, Introduction In Ch. 73, Muscular Dystroph muscular dystrophies are a group of inherited muscle disorders that lead to muscleweakness (see Symptoms Next Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec05/ch073/ch073a.html

var externalLinkWarning = "The link you have selected will take you to a site outside Merck and The Merck Manuals.*n*nThe Merck Manuals do not review or control the content of any non-Merck site. The Merck Manuals do not endorse and are not responsible for the accuracy, content, practices, or standards of any non-Merck sources."; Search The Second Home Edition , Online Version Search Index A B C D ... Z Sections Accidents and Injuries Blood Disorders Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders ... Women's Health Issues Resources Anatomical Drawings Multimedia Pronunciations Weights and Measures ... , Online Version Section Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders Chapter Muscular Dystrophy and Related Disorders Topics Introduction Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophies Muscular Dystrophies (Other) Myotonic Myopathies Periodic Paralysis Introduction Buy The Book Print This Topic Email This Topic Pronunciations myotonic myotonic myopathies Muscular dystrophies are a group of inherited muscle disorders that lead to muscle weakness (see Symptoms and Diagnosis of Musculoskeletal Disorders: Muscle Weakness ) of varying severity. Other inherited muscle disorders include myotonic myopathies, periodic paralysis, and glycogen storage diseases. Glycogen storage diseases are a group of rare inherited disorders in which muscles cannot metabolize sugars normally (see

19. The Muscular Dystrophies (MD) Are A Heterogenous Group Of Genetically Determined Dengue has become a major international public health concern in recent years.The geographical distribution has greatly expanded and the number of cases http://www.indegene.com/Neu/FeatArt/indNeuFeatArt4.html?type=Neu

20. Muscular Dystrophies/Myopathies Physicians, medical students, and patients can get information about the diagnosisand treatment of neurological diseases and disorders. http://ucneurology.uchicago.edu/Neurological_Disorders/NeuroMuscular/Muscular_Dy

Muscular Dystrophies and Myopathies Myopathies are diseases of the muscles. They can be caused by an inherited genetic abnormality (as in muscular dystrophy) or an abnormality of the immune system (such as polymyositis). These disorders can develop at any time from birth through adulthood. University of Chicago neurologists have expertise in treating many different muscle diseases. There are many types of muscular dystrophy (MD). These diseases are classified according to the muscle groups involved and the age of onset. Some of these muscular dystrophies result in premature death; others may allow the person to live for decades with varying degrees of disability. Symptoms Muscular dystrophy is characterized by muscle weakness in various parts of the body, depending on the type of MD or myopathy. Muscle weakness progresses (worsens) over time. Initial symptoms usually develop gradually. Diagnosis Diagnosis is based on a comprehensive physical examination and sophisticated diagnostic tests. The effectiveness of therapy depends upon accurate diagnosis of the precise type of MD, so physicians here may use advanced diagnostic techniques such as genetic analysis and biopsy of muscle or nerve tissue to pinpoint the type of neuromuscular disease or myopathy. The state-of-the-art neurophysiology lab at the University of Chicago Hospitals provides a full array of diagnostic tests including electrodiagnostic studies. Treatment Adult patients receive care in a multidisciplinary clinic which is sponsored by the

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