21. Virtual Hospital: University Of Iowa Family Practice Handbook, Fourth Edition: G Gynecology Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding, menstrual problems, and Secondary Amenorrhea. Alicia M. Weissman, MD Department of Family Medicine http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/familymedicine/FPHandbook/Chapter13/05-13.html

University of Iowa Family Practice Handbook, Fourth Edition, Chapter 13 Gynecology: Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding, Menstrual Problems, and Secondary Amenorrhea Alicia M. Weissman, MD Department of Family Medicine University of Iowa College of Medicine and Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed by Mosby See also endometrial abnormalities section below. Terminology Menorrhagia : Heavy or prolonged bleeding. Metrorrhagia : Intermen- strual bleeding, spotting, or breakthrough bleeding. Menometrorrhagia : Heavy irregular bleeding. Polymenorrhea Oligomenorrhea Amenorrhea : Absence of menstrual bleeding. Evaluation History . Describe bleeding (timing, duration, flow, presence of clots, number of pads used). Obtain menstrual and obstetric history, sexual history, drug and medication use, familial bleeding disorders and bleeding tendencies, contraceptive use, postcoital bleeding (may indicate cervicitis, cervical polyp), galactorrhea, headaches (e.g., from prolactinoma), visual disturbances, menopausal symptoms, change in weight, diet, exercise, stressors. Physical exam . Look for obesity or low body weight, acne, hirsutism, Cushingoid habitus. Thyroid exam, check skin for petechiae, ecchymoses. Breast exam, pelvic exam noting vaginal or cervical lesions, uterine size and shape, adnexal masses. Exclude rectal source of bleeding. Obtain Pap if none recently.

22. Menstrual Problems - Menorrhagia - Women - Http://maxpages.com/deficiencies menstrual problems, menorrhagia, menopause, pmt, pms. http://www.maxpages.com/deficiencies

Menstrual problems Menorrhagia NEW! Poetry and Doll Maker with Galleries! [Learn About Our Ecommerce] Graphics Gallery! Graphics Gallery and Search Animated GIFs Photos Icons Clip Art How a vitamin and mineral supplement has helped me. My personal testimonial. I am now 40 and work in administration during the day and distribute Neways products in my "spare" time. I have two children ages 11 and 7. I have always had menstrual problems but they got much worse after I gained weight (I stopped smoking before I had the children and gained one stone and then gained another stone after having the children.) I would finish off any food the children left as I didn't like to see waste. By the time I was 38 I was 14 stone and my menstruation was so heavy I went to my doctor and asked for help (I am otherwise very healthy so had rarely visited my doctor). Her advice was to go on the pill and then straight onto HRT. I was sent to a specialist who examined me and everything was healthy but I did not want to go on the pill OR take HRT.

23. What Are Menstrual Problems Below are some of the most common menstrual problems. All menstrual problems can be helped by taking regular exercise, and eating a wellbalanced diet http://www.vitaminuk.com/pages/articles/whataremenstrualproblems.htm

What are Menstrual Problems? Painful Periods (Dysmenorrhoea) Lack of Periods (Amenorrhoea) Heavy Periods (Menorrhagia) Premenstrual Tension ... The Importance of Regular Check-ups The experience of menstruation varies from woman to woman. Problems such as pain and irregularity are usually the result of natural hormone changes, and do not necessarily signify illness. Below are some of the most common menstrual problems. Painful Periods (Dysmenorrhoea) This is most common in girls or young women. Cramp-like pains are experienced in the lower abdomen at the beginning of a period, which may be accompanied by feelings of being unwell or faint. Symptoms usually pass after a couple of days, and rarely signal an actual illness. Usually, this is caused by a 'tight' cervix (the muscle at the neck of the womb), which normally loosens after the first pregnancy, and thus relieves the problem. Sometimes painful periods are caused by wearing an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) or by menstrual cycles in which no egg is produced. Lack of Periods (Amenorrhoea) This condition is normal during pregnancy and the menopause.

24. PMS And Menstrual Problems If you’re having any kind of menstrual problems, it’s always important to keep your Since high levels of estrogen can cause many menstrual problems, http://www.bodyandfitness.com/Information/Womenhealth/pms.htm

MENU document.write('TOUCHHEREMENU') Related Topic Breast Health Hot Flashes PMS Pregnenolone ... Women's Hormonal PMS and Menstrual Problems Related Product Bath Cellulite Bone Health Natural Herbs ... Women's Health If you have PMS herbs minerals , and other supplements. On This Page Defense Tactics A Hormonal Balancing Herbal Help The Chinese Solution ... Supplements for Heavy Bleeding Defense Tactics To help defuse PMS symptoms Foods that contain soy A Hormonal Balancing Act One possible cause of cramps and heavy bleeding during periods is an unbalanced ratio of estrogen to progesterone, says Willow Moore, D.C., N.D., a chiropractor and naturopathic doctor in Owings Mills, Maryland. These are the two hormones that play the biggest part in regulating the female reproductive system. Usually, women who experience problems with their periods have too much estrogen and not enough progesterone in the one to two weeks before their periods. This imbalance can set the stage for painful cramping and heavy flow, along with other unwelcome symptoms such as headaches and mood swings. Supplements that balance estrogen and progesterone can make a big difference in how you feel before and during your period, Herbal Help Licorice works to balance estrogen, says Dr. Aesoph. It can also increase progesterone by inhibiting its breakdown, and it may help prevent bloating. Since high levels of estrogen can cause many menstrual problems

25. Menstrual Problems: Quiz Learn what could be causing your monthly misery symptoms. This quiz explains the meaning and possible causes of amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and menorrhagia. http://my.webmd.com/content/tools/1/quiz_menstrual.htm?z=3628_81000_0000_15_05

26. When Your Period Signals A Problem Many women experience menstrual problems such as heavy bleeding, severe pain, WebMD compiled a list of common menstrual problems, and asked the experts http://my.webmd.com/content/article/102/106564.htm?z=1840_00000_0000_f1_16

27. Menstrual Problems Any one who experience heavy prolonged menstrual bleeding soaking through This abnormal uterine bleeding is a problem that often affects women as they http://www.homeomiracles.com/Index/Female/Female_article/Menstrual_problem/Menst

Menstruation is part of a women's life, and it is a healthy phenomenon although healthier have its inconveniences and annoyances during menstruation. Your period should come regularly every 28 days, 3-4 days duration without clotting of blood or so, and the blood you should expect to lose is equivalent to about a quarter of a cup. Some women get irregular periods, or periods that come regularly but with longer intervals in between. Others have a "flood" of blood each month, which makes normal life difficult and potentially embarrassing. A few women have a combination of problems! Unusual periods do not necessarily mean there is anything wrong with you, but may be very annoying. Amenorrhoea . When periods disappear For more sexually active women in their reproductive years, the absence of periods is a clear signal of pregnancy. And in older non-pregnant women, amenorrhoea may mean that menopause is approaching or has arrived. In both groups of women, amenorrhoea is perfectly normal. However, in some cases amenorrhoea can indicate an underlying medical problem. Primary amenorrhoea is present when a young girl has not started to menstruate even at age 16. This may be because she has some hormonal imbalance or developmental problem, which can often be treated with Homoeopathic medicines. Amenorrhoea, more commonly affects women who have previously had regular menstrual cycles. A variety of reasons can cause secondary amenorrhoea such as hormonal imbalance, excessive exercise, underweight loss or weight gain, stress or discontinuation of the birth control pill.

28. CATIE Fact Sheet : Menstrual Problems And HIV What sort of menstrual problems do HIVpositive women experience? If you re taking herbal medicines and having menstrual problems, get some advice from http://www.catie.ca/facts.nsf/0/de12a5c073503162852568b70051d82c?OpenDocument

29. General Menstrual Problems - Sexual Health Peer Resource Center - Stanford Unive General menstrual problems. During their reproductive lives, most women experience menstrual problems to some degree. Fortunately they are usually not http://www.stanford.edu/group/SHPRC/ch3_gen.html

SHPRC About SHPRC Sexual Beings Working Yesterday ... Vaginitis General Menstrual Problems During their reproductive lives, most women experience menstrual problems to some degree. Fortunately they are usually not serious and are almost always temporary. Becaue they are so common, most women may have their own methods of addressing and dealing with the respective problems, but questions will always comeup. Many treatments exist for each problem, from perscribed medications, to over the counter painkillers, to natural at home remedies. Menstrual Cramps (Dysmenorrhea) Cramps are painful muscle spasms in the lower abdomen, which occur just prior to and during menstrual bleeding. Most women have experienced cramps, which tend to be worse during the first years of menstruation. Multiple causes have been attributed, including high levels of prostaglandin hormones, a narrow opening of the cervix, and a relative lack of blood supply to the muscles of the uterus during cramping. Treatment: Aspirin and ibuprofen both have anti-prostaglandin effects and are especially useful if taken before cramping begins. (Note Tylenol does not have this effect) Calcium and magnesium supplements taken a few days before menstruation is due.

30. GMHC: Menstrual Problems In HIV Infection All about HIV/AIDS treatment from Gay Men s Health Crisis. http://www.gmhc.org/health/treatment/factsheets/menstrual.html

home hotline calendar press ... links I am A woman A gay man A bisexual A transgendered person A straight man A lesbian An immigrant Newly diagnosed Worried about HIV I need HIV/AIDS basics Legal issues Treatment fact sheets HIV/AIDS glossary Treatment Issues Statistics Nutrition Register as a client Press information Annual report SNiP Tips Make a donation Treatment Fact Sheets Menstrual Problems Menstrual Problems in HIV Infection What kinds of menstrual problems occur? HIV-positive women have reported all types of changes in their periods. This includes irregular periods, more or less frequent periods, heavier or lighter periods, more painful periods and a worsening of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Also, women have reported passing clots or menstrual blood that is darker than usual. The most common menstrual problem reported by HIV-positive women is the loss of their periods altogether. This condition is called Amenorrhea. Women who miss their periods experience pelvic pain, swollen breasts or hot flashes. Heavy periods can result in excessive blood loss, which could lead to low red blood cells or anemia. Anemia can make you feel tired, weak and short of breath. Since HIV infection itself as well as many of the medications used to treat it can also cause anemia, it is important to carefully look for this problem.

31. Informed Health Online menstrual problems and endometriosis. PMS premenstrual syndrome Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for heavy menstrual bleeding http://www.informedhealthonline.org/item.aspx?topic=1488&tabid=25

32. Informed Health Online menstrual problems. Progestogens versus oestrogens and progestogens for irregular uterine bleeding associated with anovulation http://www.informedhealthonline.org/item.aspx?topic=1873

33. Menstrual Problems Menu Menstruation.com.au provides quality information about menstruation, fertility, alternative menstrual products, puberty, menopause, conception and more. http://www.menstruation.com.au/menu13.html

www.menstruation.com.au Feel great about being a woman every day of the month! Check out our Online Shop always worth a look Go Shopping Members Newsletter Site Map ... Search Menstrual Problems Home Menstrual Basics Charting Menstrual Cycles Late / Irregular Periods ... Buying Info Cloth Menstrual Pads Pleasure Puss Cloth Pads Singles Pleasure Puss Cloth Pads Value Packs Books, Diaries and Calendars Tools for charting cycles Moon Diary Products Recommended Reading PMS and Menstrual Support Maca Power Maca Powder PMS Relief Herbal Cream mytym Natural Support Pro-Ma Optimum Health Fertility Management Conception Contraception Menopause Support Maca Power Maca Powder Oncore Personal Lubricant Fun Stuff Oncore Personal Lubricant Greeting Cards - Various Specials Specials Banishing the hot water bottle; treating period pain with Chinese Medicine It’s news that could have women everywhere throwing away their hot water bottles, painkillers and Tim Tams. A University of Western Sydney study is set to discover if ancient Chinese medicine can provide relief from the monthly cramping, back pain and bloating associated with menstruation. .... more Problems affecting fertility The following is only a brief overview, please follow the links for more information. We have chosen these links at random, simply as a starting point. If you would like to recommend better links please let us know. ....

34. Common Menstrual Problems Which Can Female Affect Fertility Many common menstrual problems can cause infertility or make it more difficult for a woman to conceive. Here is a brief look at some common problems. http://www.menstruation.com.au/fertility/commonmenstrualproblems.html

www.menstruation.com.au Feel great about being a woman every day of the month! Check out our Online Shop always worth a look Go Shopping Members Newsletter Site Map ... Search Menstrual Problems Problems affecting fertility Home Menstrual Basics Charting Menstrual Cycles Late / Irregular Periods ... Buying Info Cloth Menstrual Pads Pleasure Puss Cloth Pads Singles Pleasure Puss Cloth Pads Value Packs Books, Diaries and Calendars Tools for charting cycles Moon Diary Products Recommended Reading PMS and Menstrual Support Maca Power Maca Powder PMS Relief Herbal Cream mytym Natural Support Pro-Ma Optimum Health Fertility Management Conception Contraception Menopause Support Maca Power Maca Powder Oncore Personal Lubricant Fun Stuff Oncore Personal Lubricant Greeting Cards - Various Specials Specials The following is only a brief overview, please follow the links for more information. We have chosen these links at random, simply as a starting point. If you would like to recommend better links please let us know. Some of the menstrual problems which require professional intervention include: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome - PCOS Endometriosis Fibroids Blocked Fallopian Tubes Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome - PCOS A condition where the ovaries are larger than normal and the underdeveloped follicles resemble a bunch of grapes. It often causes women to stop ovulating and can produce other distressing symptoms like weight gain, acne, mood swings and hirsuitism (hair growth). PCOS is a common cause of menstrual abnormality.

35. MotherNature.com - Menstrual Problems (PMS And Menorrhagia) Some women have very little trouble with their menstrual cycles, but others face a monthly ordeal. An array of stressful symptoms—irritability, mood swings, http://www.mothernature.com/Library/Ency/Index.cfm?Id=2241003

36. Prevention's Healing With Vitamins Menstrual Problems Most women have some degree of menstrual discomfort at some point in their Solve the problem naturally with a fiberrich diet that includes plenty of http://www.mothernature.com/Library/Bookshelf/Books/10/84.cfm

New customer? Sign Up Current customer? Log In Home Vitamins Minerals ... Learning Center Search Products Library Ways To Shop Brands Health Concern Departments Free Catalog MotherNature.com's Best-of-the-Best Natural Products Catalog Is Here! Click Here to Get Your Free Copy Today. Chapter List For: Prevention's Healing with Vitamins: Beta-Carotene Biotin Calcium Drugs Can Sabotage Your Nutrition ... Prevention's Healing with Vitamins From the Rodale book, Prevention's Healing with Vitamins: Menstrual Problems Nutrients to Ease Monthly Distress I magine you were moving to the North Pole for five years. How would you prepare for your new life? Most likely, you’d learn everything you could about coping with the cold. And if there was anything you could eat or any supplement you could take to make the experience more pleasant, of course you’d want to know about it. It’s five years of your life, after all. You might as well be comfortable. Maybe you never thought about it, but if you add it up—month after month, year after year—you have your period for about five years of your life. And if you’re like most women, you’d do anything to sail through those days without feeling crampy and exhausted and swollen up like a baby beluga. Why You Feel So Bad Most women have some degree of menstrual discomfort at some point in their lives, says Susan M. Lark, M.D., director of the PMS and Menopause Self-Help Center in Los Altos, California, and author of Menstrual Cramps: A Self-Help Program and PMS: Self-Help Book and a physician specializing in women’s health.

37. Woman's Diagnostic Cyber - Menstrual Problems Abnormal uterine bleeding would be defined as any menstrual bleeding longer Unfortunately there are other problems that can frequently delay menses or http://www.wdxcyber.com/mensprob.htm

Home About us Articles Books ... Quizzes Abnormal uterine bleeding - 40+ years of age Background - importance and magnitude of problem Diagnostic goals - for overall category endometrial polyps submucous fibroids endometritis endometrial scarring (Asherman's syndrome) endometrial hyperplasia simple (cystic stromal and glandular) complex adenomatous atypical adenomatous endometrial carcinoma endometrial sarcoma postmenopausal dysfunctional atrophic estrogen replacement related withdrawal breakthrough tamoxifen therapy related Background Goals Any abnormal bleeding over the age of 40 or over the age of 35 in high risk patients should be primarily investigated by evaluation for mechanical causes or cancer. Usually an endometrial biopsy is performed, although imaging techniques such as ultrasound or hysterosongraphy can also be used. Once endometrial cancer is ruled out by biopsy, the patient can be treated with hormonal therapy under the presumption of endocrinological causes of the abnormal bleeding. If there is no response to this however, a direct evaluation of the endometrium such as hysteroscopy should be performed because of the high incidence of polyps and fibroids that disturb the endometrial cavity and may produce abnormal bleeding. Return to choices Top of page Abnormal uterine bleeding - menarche to menopause Background - importance and magnitude of problem

38. Woman's Diagnostic Cyber News - Menses And Abnormal Bleeding The incidence of menstrual problems after tubal ligation may be higher in women who undergo the procedure in their 20 s and be less of a problem in women http://www.wdxcyber.com/nbleed9.htm

Home About us Articles Books ... Quizzes Post Tubal Ligation Syndrome Review Frederick R. Jelovsek MD After having a tubal ligation, some women will complain of increased menstrual flow or cramps, increased premenstrual syndrome, and gynecological problems in general with even some claims that the sterilization procedure precipitates menopause. The aggregate symptoms are often referred to as post tubal ligation syndrome. Because all outcomes after tubal ligation involve emerging symptoms as a woman gets older, it has been difficult to sort out whether the tubal ligation is the cause of these problems or whether it is just coincidental with the aging process and other decisions or willingness to undergo surgery. Many studies in the literature have looked at this problem and they can be lined up on both sides of the question. Doctors have seemed to focus on the studies that show no difference after tubal ligation and some women's groups, e.g., Vasectomy-Tubal Coalition and have felt this is a biased literature evaluation and that adverse effects are being ignored or hidden from women to make informed choices. With that in mind, and a recent message board question about menopause occurring after a surgery for diagnosis, I thought it would be helpful to review as many abstracts as I could find on Medline addressing this subject. This review has helped answer the following questions:

39. Menstrual Problems menstrual problems. While this is not really my area of expertise, I do have access to this information. I have collected bits and pieces from various http://www.sisterzeus.com/menprob.htm

Menstrual Problems While this is not really my area of expertise, I do have access to this information. I have collected bits and pieces from various sources and compiled them in response to requests I have received. Heavy Menstrual Bleeding - Menorrhagia I found a herb tea recipe on the web for heavy menstruation. Hibisucs flowers [hibiscus rosa-sinensis; Malvaceae] (taken in a strong tea) is good for any secnd chakra disorder, espcially excessive menstrual bleeding. [ source Amenorrhea - The absence of Menstruation and herbs to help get menstruation started again Your period doesn't have to be a problem Dysmenorrhea - Painful Menstruation. ~ in which uterine spasm is the cause of pain, Dong Quai Root can be steeped in hot water, capturing the volatile constitutes, thus relaxing the uterine muscles easing discomfort. Links Irregular Menstruation Dietary Help for Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Lycos Endometriosis Links Yahoo Health - Endometriosis and Pain ... Vitex more effective than pyridoxine in PMS Yeast Infection MotherNature.com

40. Doctors Answers To Frequently Asked Questions - Menstrual Problems Question I am recently having menstrual problems, and I not sure what is menstrual problems Question I haven’t been getting my period regularly. http://www.druginfonet.com/faq/new/DISEASE_FAQ/Menstrual_Problems.htm

Doctors' Answers to "Frequently Asked Questions" - Menstrual Problems Related Women's Issues These comments are made for the purpose of discussion and should NOT be used as recommendations for or against therapies or other treatments. An individual patient is always advised to consult their own physician. [posted 08/21/1999] Question: I am having the problem of irregular menstruation and my OB/Gyn prescribed Provera followed by clomid 100mg on day 5-9 after menstruation for 2 months.After 2months again the same problem started and the doctors tested my blood and told my progesterone level is low and again prescribed provera with 150 mg of clomid. The doctor says since I am not ovulating I am having irregular menstruation and this is due to hormone imbalance. Will the drugs provera and clomid affect my health since I am taking for the past 4 months. Will I be having esterogen defiency also? Will these medications affect me from getting pregnet. Please answer. Answer: They shouldn't have any special long term effects and will not prevent pregnancy, indeed might increase the risk. Irregular menstrual cycle [posted 1/12/99] Question: I have had an irregular menstrual cycle since the start of my period. This has been in my family, as my mother and elder sister also suffered the same. I got treated for it in my teens, but left my treatment incomplete. I got married in March 1998. Now my in-laws also know about it as we had not mentioned the same at the time of marriage. This is causing me stress. Actually, I had been advised by my family doctor (my brother-in-law) that my periods would become regular after marriage.

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