81. Untitled Document WHAT IS turner syndrome? (SEE turner syndrome SECTION) Males have one X andone Y chromosome, giving a chromosome complement of 46, XY. http://www.dor.kaiser.org/genetics/OurServices/XXY-XYY-XXXMain.html

S ex Chromosome Abnormalities Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) WHAT IS A SEX CHROMOSOME? WHAT IS A SEX CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY? WHAT ARE SOME OF THE MORE COMMON SEX CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES? HOW DO PEOPLE USUALLY FIND OUT IF THEY HAVE A SEX CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY? ... WHAT IS TURNER SYNDROME? (SEE TURNER SYNDROME SECTION WHAT IS KLINEFELTER (XXY) SYNDROME? WHAT IS XXX OR TRIPLE X SYNDROME? WHAT IS XYY SYNDROME? What is a sex chromosome? Our genes are instructions or blueprints that make each human being unique. Our genetic material is packaged into chromosomes, and human beings usually have 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes come in pairs and we inherit one of each pair from our mother and the other from our father. One of those pairs is the sex chromosomes, and they are called that because they determine the sex of the individual. Females have two X chromosomes, giving a chromosome complement of 46, XX. Males have one X and one Y chromosome, giving a chromosome complement of 46, XY. What is a sex chromosome abnormality?

82. Human Chromosomal Abnormalities:  Sex Chromosome Abnormalities This type of chromosomal abnormality is less rare than turner syndrome, XYY syndrome click this icon to hear the preceding term pronounced males inherit http://anthro.palomar.edu/abnormal/abnormal_5.htm

Sex Chromosome Abnormalities The majority of known types of chromosomal abnormalities involve sex chromosomes . In frequency of occurrence, they are only slightly less common than autosomal abnormalities. However, they are usually much less severe in their effects. The high frequency of people with sex chromosome aberrations is partly due to the fact that they are rarely lethal conditions. Like Down syndrome and other autosomal problems, sex chromosome gross abnormalities can be diagnosed before birth by amniocentesis and chorionic villi sampling. Sex chromosome abnormalities are gender specific. Normal males inherit an X and a Y chromosome while females have two X's. A single Y chromosome is sufficient to produce maleness while its absence is necessary for femaleness. Female abnormalities are due to variations in the number of X chromosomes. Male abnormalities are the result of irregular numbers of either the X or the Y chromosome or both. Female Sex Chromosome Abnormalities Turner syndrome occurs when females inherit only one X chromosometheir genotype is X0. If they survive to birth, these girls have abnormal growth patterns. They are short in stature, averaging 4 foot 7 inches as adults, and often have distinctive webbed necks (i.e., extra folds of skin), small jaws, and high arched palates. They generally lack prominent female secondary sexual characteristics. They have exceptionally small, widely spaced breasts, broad shield-shaped chests, and turned-out elbows. Their ovaries do not develop normally and they do not ovulate. The few

83. A Comparative Study Between Infertile Males And Patients With Turner Syndrome To study between infertile males and patients with turner syndrome to determine the Keywords turner syndrome; sex chromosome mosaicism; Y chromosome http://jmg.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/extract/39/12/e80

HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ... TABLE OF CONTENTS Author Keyword(s) Vol Page [Advanced] This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit a response ... Citation Map Services Email this link to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal ... Download to citation manager PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Quilter, C R Articles by Delhanty, J D A Related Collections Genetics Journal of Medical Genetics ELECTRONIC LETTER A comparative study between infertile males and patients with Turner syndrome to determine the influence of sex chromosome mosaicism and the breakpoints of structurally abnormal Y chromosomes on phenotypic sex C R Quilter N Nathwani G S Conway R Stanhope D Ralph G Bahadur P Serhal K Taylor and J D A Delhanty The Galton Laboratory, University College London, Wolfson House, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, UK Department of Endocrinology, University College London Hospitals Trust, London WC1, UK

84. Molecular Biology -Genetics Of Sex & Gender Identity Examples of secondary sex characteristics in males include chest and facial hair, Muhs A, Lieberz K. Anorexia nervosa and turner s syndrome. http://www.bioteach.ubc.ca/MolecularBiology/GenderID/

Main Resources Journal Related Articles ... Molecular Biology Genetics of Sex and Gender Identity Tammy L. Romanuik, B.Sc Graphics:Jen Philpot Genetics and sex determination Genetics is defined as the study of genes. Genes are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that can be passed down and inherited from one generation to the next. The information encoded in DNA is critical for determining the properties of a species . DNA is divided into discrete molecules called chromosomes, each of which contain numerous genes. Figure 1. Non-disjunction during meiosis II results in two normal gametes, one n+1 gamete, and one n-1 gamete. A 'normal' human cell is diploid (2n) because it contains 2 copies of each of the 23 chromosomes. Included in these 46 chromosomes are sex chromosomes X and Y. A normal human male has one X- and one Y- chromosome. They are often denoted 46, XY male. A normal human female has two X chromosomes, and is denoted 46, XX female. In mitosis, in order for the cell to divide, it must replicate its DNA to create identical copies for its daughter cells. An example of mitosis is the development of the multicellular organisms from a single celled zygote (fertilized egg)

85. X-chromosome: Definition And Much More From Answers.com Typically, males with Klinefelter syndrome have one extra copy of the X chromosome in turner syndrome can also occur if one of the sex chromosomes is http://www.answers.com/topic/xy-sex-determination-system

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Dictionary Medical WordNet Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping X-chromosome Dictionary X-chro·mo·some or X chromosome ĕks krō mə-sōm n. The sex chromosome associated with female characteristics in mammals, occurring paired in the female and single in the male. Medical X-chromosome n. The sex chromosome associated with female characteristics, occurring paired in the female and singly in the male sex-chromosome pair. WordNet Note: click on a word meaning below to see its connections and related words. The noun X chromosome has one meaning: Meaning #1 the sex chromosome that is present in both sexes: singly in males and doubly in females Wikipedia X chromosome The X chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes in humans and other animals (the other is the Y chromosome ). It is a part of the XY sex-determination system Function The sex chromosomes are one of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes. The X chromosome spans more than 153 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents about 5 percent of the total DNA in cells. Each person normally has one pair of sex chromosomes in each cell. Females have two X chromosomes, while males have one X and one Y chromosome. Early in

86. BIL 250 - Lecture 13 turner syndrome 45 X0. Klinefelter - 47XXY This says that this is a malewith the normal number of chromosomes, but that a piece of the long arm of http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/25001_13.html

Click HERE for your print copy. STRUCTURE AND MUTATIONS: THE EUKARYOTIC CHROMOSOME A COMPARISON OF THE DNA OF E.COLI TO THAT OF A EUKARYOTE... prokaryote eukaryote 4.2 X 10 base pairs haploid human has 1000x more essentially naked DNA DNA complexed w/ RNA, protein mRNA is transcribed as it's translated mRNA is transcribed in nucleus, translated in the cytoplasm mRNA is often polycistronic mRNA is almost never polycistronic CYTOGENETICS A mutation is any change in a gene. It can occur at the DNA level, or at the chromosome level. The study of the latter is part of the field of CYTOGENETICS. Mutations at the level of the homologous pair EUPLOIDY: "true" ploidy, meaning two members of each homologous pair. ANEUPLOIDY: "not true" ploidy, meaning more or fewer members than two of each homologous pair. monosomy - one homolog; partner is missing trisomy - three homologs nullisomy - one entire homologous pair is missing. How can it happen? nondisjunction (one or both homologs migrate to the same gamete) 2. lagging homolog (one homolog migrates too slowly into its gamete, and doesn't make it into the nuclear area before the nuclear envelope re-forms. It's left drifting in the cytoplasm.)

87. Turner's Syndrome --  Britannica Student Encyclopedia turner s syndrome (or gonadal dysgenesis), a relatively uncommon human Males very rarely contract this disease. Its occurence rate in females is about http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-9313915

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in This Article's Table of Contents Turner's syndrome Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Turner's syndrome  Student Encyclopedia Article Page 1 of 1 Turner's syndrome... (75 of 141 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "Turner's syndrome." Britannica Student Encyclopedia http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-9313915

88. Turner's Syndrome --  Encyclopædia Britannica turner s syndrome relatively uncommon sexchromosome disorder that causes aberrantsexual development in human females. Affected individuals evidence the http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9073874

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Turner's syndrome Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Turner's syndrome  Encyclopædia Britannica Article Page 1 of 1 also called Gonadal Dysgenesis, relatively uncommon sex-chromosome Turner's syndrome... (75 of 220 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "Turner's syndrome."

89. Turner Syndrome -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article turner syndrome is a human genetic abnormality, caused by a (Meiosis in which singly in males and doubly in females) X chromosome is present and fully http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/t/tu/turner_syndrome.htm

Turner syndrome [Categories: Intersexual, Genetic disorders, Eponymous diseases] Turner syndrome is a human genetic abnormality, caused by a (Meiosis in which there is a failure of paired homologous chromosomes to separate; results in an abnormal number of chromosomes in the daughter cells) nondisjunction in the ((genetics) a chromosome that determines the sex of an individual) sex chromosomes that occurs in females (1 out of every 2,500 births). Instead of the normal XX sex chromosomes, only one (The sex chromosome that is present in both sexes: singly in males and doubly in females) X chromosome is present and fully functional. In Turner syndrome, female sexual characteristics are present but underdeveloped. Common symptoms of Turner syndrome include: Short stature (Click link for more info and facts about Lymphoedema) Lymphoedema (swelling) of the hands and feet Broad chest and widely-spaced nipples Low hairline Low-set ears Reproductive sterility Other symptoms include a small lower jaw, cubitus valgus (turned-out elbows), a (Click link for more info and facts about webbed neck) webbed neck , and soft, upturned nails. Less common are pigmented

90. X Chromosome -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article Typically, males with Klinefelter syndrome have one extra copy of the X About half of individuals with turner syndrome have monosomy X (45,X), http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/X/X/X_chromosome.htm

X chromosome [Categories: Genetics] The X chromosome is one of the two sex (A threadlike body in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order) chromosome s in humans and other animals (the other is the (The sex chromosome that is carried by men) Y chromosome ). It is a part of the (Click link for more info and facts about XY sex-determination system) XY sex-determination system Function The sex chromosomes are one of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes. The X chromosome spans more than 153 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents about 5 percent of the total DNA in cells. Each person normally has one pair of sex chromosomes in each cell. Females have two X chromosomes, while males have one X and one Y chromosome. Early in (An animal organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that in higher forms merge into fetal stages but in lower forms terminate in commencement of larval life) embryo nic development in females, one of the two X chromosomes is randomly and permanently inactivated in somatic cells (cells other than (Animal reproductive body consisting of an ovum or embryo together with nutritive and protective envelopes; especially the thin-shelled reproductive body laid by e.g. female birds)

91. Noonan Syndrome Noonan syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes abnormal development of multipleparts of the body. Alternative Names. turnerlike syndrome of males http://www.lifespan.org/ADAM/English/HIE/001656.htm

Careers at Lifespan Volunteer your time Other ways to give Lifespan's A - Z Health Information Library Injury Disease Nutrition Poison ... Prevention Noonan syndrome Definition Noonan syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes abnormal development of multiple parts of the body. In particular there is webbing of the neck and different shapes to the chest that are reminiscent of Turner syndrome, hence the former name Turner-like syndrome. Alternative Names Turner-like syndrome of males Causes Noonan syndrome can be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. It affects at least 1 in 2,500 children. The fact that some children do not have a parent with Noonan syndrome likely reflects sporadic inheritance, that is, presumably the occurrence of a new mutation. The first specific gene that causes Noonan syndrome, called , was discovered in 2001. It is expected that other genes will be discovered that cause Noonan syndrome. Frequently seen abnormalities include webbing of the neck, changes in the sternum (usually a sunken chest called pectus excavatum), facial abnormalities, and congenital heart disease (especially pulmonic stenosis ). Because these abnormalities resemble those of Turner syndrome (which only affects females), Noonan syndrome used to be called "male Turner syndrome," this term is no longer used because Noonan syndrome can affect females also.

92. Sex Chromosomes Females with but a single X chromosome the most common cause of turner s syndrome . Klinefelter s syndrome people with XXY or XXXY karyotypes are males http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/S/SexChromosomes.html

Index to this page The Y Chromosome The Pseudoautosomal Regions SRY The X Chromosome ... Hermaphrodites Sex Chromosomes The nuclei of human cells contain 22 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes. In females, the sex chromosomes are the 2 X chromosomes . Males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome . The presence of the Y chromosome is decisive for unleashing the developmental program that leads to a baby boy. The Y Chromosome In making sperm by meiosis , the X and Y chromosomes must separate in anaphase just as homologous autosomes do. This occurs without a problem because, like homologous autosomes, the X and Y chromosome synapse during prophase of meiosis I. There is a small region of homology shared by the X and Y chromosome and synapsis occurs at that region. This image, courtesy of C. Tease, shows synapsis of the X and Y chromosomes of a mouse during prophase of meiosis I. Crossing over occurs in two regions of pairing, called the pseudoautosomal regions . These are located at opposite ends of the chromosome. The Pseudoautosomal Regions The pseudoautosomal regions get their name because any genes located within them (so far only 9 have been found) are inherited just like any autosomal genes. Males have two copies of these genes: one in the pseudoautosomal region of their Y, the other in the corresponding portion of their X chromosome. So males can inherit an allele originally present on the X chromosome of their father and females can inherit an allele originally present on the Y chromosome of their father.

93. Chapter7 From Infertility On The Internet Males with Klinefelters syndrome often are infertile, have learning turner s syndrome is basically the female counterpart to Klinefelter s syndrome. http://www.conceivingconcepts.com/store/extra/CCP02-chapter7.html

Infertility On The Internet Chapter 7 Once you've been diagnosed with a cause for your infertility, your natural reaction may be that you will want to learn as much as you can about that cause. I was surprised myself to find that such detailed information on specific diagnoses exists on the Web. Many of these Web pages were built by persons who have dealt with the diagnosis themselves and want to share information they have uncovered about their particular condition. Others are designed and operated by actual foundations or other nonprofit organizations. MALE FACTOR Being diagnosed with a severe male factor can be one of the biggest blows a couple experiences in life. For the man, it can completely annihilate his self-esteem. For the woman involved, hope can become a dim prospect. At this point in time, a couple which has been diagnosed with male factor usually has only two options donor sperm or IVF with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (also known as ICSI). However, more is being learned each day as to the actual causes of male infertility which may provide future cures and options which are not currently available to a couple with this diagnosis. The first two sites listed below contain very specific information on male infertility and may aid you if you are dealing with this condition. Once again, we see where the Internet has become such a powerful tool in the fight against infertilty, as you will notice that both of the sites are international ones.

94. Noonan Syndrome Topic - Unified Search Environment The phenotype bears similarities to that of turner syndrome that occurs only However, Noonan syndrome occurs in both males and females with a normal sex http://www.use.hcn.com.au/portals/shared/subject.`Noonan Syndrome`/home.html

Noonan Syndrome Topic Tree Definition: Synonyms and Source Vocabularies: Noonan Syndrome PSEUDO-TURNER SYNDROME Female Pseudo-Turner Syndrome male Turner syndrome Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases Connective Tissue Diseases Cartilage Diseases Cellulitis Collagen Diseases Cutis Laxa ... Skin Diseases

95. Disease - Noonan Syndrome - Hartford, Connecticut turnerlike syndrome of males. Causes And Risk. Noonan syndrome can be inheritedin an autosomal dominant manner. It affects at least 1 in 2500 children. http://www.saintfranciscare.com/13069.cfm

@import url(main.css); About Us Health Information Health Focus Todays Breast Health News ... Ways To Help Adam Article Manager Back Back to main Health Information page Disease - Noonan syndrome Pectus excavatum Definition: Noonan syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes abnormal development of multiple parts of the body. In particular there is webbing of the neck and different shapes to the chest that are reminiscent of Turner syndrome, hence the former name Turner-like syndrome. Alternative Names: Turner-like syndrome of males Causes And Risk: Noonan syndrome can be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. It affects at least 1 in 2,500 children. The fact that some children do not have a parent with Noonan syndrome likely reflects sporadic inheritance, that is, presumably the occurrence of a new mutation. The first specific gene that causes Noonan syndrome, called PTPN11, was discovered in 2001. It is expected that other genes will be discovered that cause Noonan syndrome. Frequently seen abnormalities include webbing of the neck, changes in the sternum (usually a sunken chest called pectus excavatum), facial abnormalities, and congenital

96. Genetics: What Are Little Boys & Girls Made Of? - Health And Medical Information turner s syndrome is a disorder of girls. Girls with turner s syndrome have only one Even without active genes for social skills, would males in a http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=604

97. Too Many Or Few Chromosomes Even with turner syndrome, most pregnancies will not continue to term but willend in a It is possible for males to survive with two Y chromosomes (47, http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/mole00/mole00478.htm

Ask A Scientist Molecular Biology Archive Too Many or Few Chromosomes Back to General Science Topics Ask A Scientist Index NEWTON Homepage Ask A Question NEWTON is an electronic community for Science, Math, and Computer Science K-12 Educators. Argonne National Laboratory, Division of Educational Programs, Harold Myron, Ph.D., Division Director.

98. Diagnosis & Related Conditions These conditions have been described by the generic term male turner syndromeis a condition caused by a person having a single X chromosome and no Y http://home.vicnet.net.au/~aissg/Diagnosis.htm

Home What's new with the AISSGA? Aims and Policies Fact Sheets ... Contact Us Differential Diagnosis Besides AIS, there are a number of related conditions characterized by XY chromosomes and testes, but which have other causes than the body being unresponsive to androgens. These conditions have been described by the generic term "male pseudohermaphroditism". While this term is unpleasant for some, it is the only widely used and understood term that fits all these conditions. These conditions all have in common the fact that a fetus begins with XY chromosomes and is on the pathway to developing as a male, but that something happens which diverts its development in the female direction. The support group is committed to providing help and support to those with other conditions related to AIS. We do not feel that the precise details of someone's metabolic defect or the cause of their condition are as important as the effects, and in most of these cases, the effects are very similar to those of AIS. A sizable proportion of those who have contacted the support group who believe they have AIS, or who been told they have AIS by physicians, subsequently turn out to have a related , but distinct condition. This happens especially often in the case of those with a PAIS diagnosis.

99. The Health Library — Genetics And Birth Defects XX male syndromeGeneReviews. 47,XXY, see Kleinfelter syndrome Guide forFamiliesTurner s syndrome Society of the United States PDF http://healthlibrary.stanford.edu/resources/internet/bodysystems/genetic_mca_sw.

Diseases and Disorders Use these links to jump directly to your topic of interest in Genetics and Birth Defects: Genetics: General Genetics Gene Therapy Genetic Counseling Genetic Testing ... Genetics of Specific Diseases Birth Defects: General Birth Defects Cardiovascular Defects Connective Tissue Disorders Craniofacial Anomalies ... S - W Multiple Congenital Anomalies (S - W) Jump to: A B C D ... P Q R S T U ... W X Y Z Septo-Optic Dysplasia Septo-Optic Dysplasia:NINDS De Morsier Syndrome:Madisons Foundation Septo-Optic Dysplasia / Optic Nerve Hypoplasia:MAGIC Foundation Sex Chromosome Variations Sex Determination Genes and Disease: SRY: Sex Determination:National Center for Biotechnology Information Variations in Females 45,X, see Turner Syndrome Trisomy X:Madisons Foundation 47,XXX Syndrome:PacNoRGG [PDF] Triple X Syndrome: Genetics Home Reference, NLM Variations in Males XX Male Syndrome:MedicineNet XX Male Syndrome:GeneReviews 47,XXY, see Kleinfelter Syndrome XYY Syndrome:NORD 47,XYY Syndrome:PacNoRGG [PDF] 47,XYY Syndrome: Genetics Home Reference, NLM Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome Smith Lemli Opitz Syndrome:Madisons Foundation SLO/RSH:Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome Advocacy and Exchange Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome:Genetics Home Reference, NLM

100. TURNER SYNDROME turner syndrome is a human genetic abnormality, caused by a defect in They areresponsible for the difference in development between males and females. http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/english/Tu/Turner_syndrome.

Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. TURNER SYNDROME Specialty Definition: TURNER SYNDROME Domain Definition Medicine A chromosomal condition affecting 1 in 2, 5 00 girls where the second X chromosome is absent or abnormal. Source: European Union. references Source: compiled by the editor from various references ; see credits. Top Specialty Definition: Turner syndrome (From Wikipedia , the free Encyclopedia) Turner syndrome is a human genetic abnormality, caused by a defect in the sex chromosomes. Instead of the normal XX or XY sex chromosomes, only a single X chromosome is present. In Turner syndrome, female sexual characteristics are present but underdeveloped. People with Turner syndrome often have a short stature, webbed neck, low hairline, abnormal eye features and bone development and a "caved-in" appearance to the chest. Turner syndrome is a disorder caused by the loss of genetic material from one of the sex chromosomes. Humans normally have a total of 46 chromosomes (which are tiny, DNA-containing elements) that are present in every cell of the body. DNA encodes genes, which specify all the proteins that make up the body and control its functions. In humans, there are 23 matched pairs of chromosomes in every cell. Each cell contains 22 pairs of chromosomes called autosomes that are the same in males and females. The remaining pair of chromosomes, the X- and Y-chromosomes, are not shaped similarly, and thus are not matched in the same way as the autosomes.

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