141. Malaria Prophylaxis-Review Any fever up to 1218months after leaving a malaria area should arouse suspicion The WHO no longer recommends this combination for malaria prophylaxis. http://www.priory.com/malaria.htm

Current Views on Malaria Prophylaxis A Review Article Dr Arlene Goldman MB.BCh. MRCP(UK) MACP The development of resistance to familiar anti-malarials has created confusion both for Doctors and travellers as to what is the best and most effective anti-malarial to take and which areas of the World require special precautions. Further difficulties are created by the serious side-effects encountered on using the newer drugs. This review will endeavour to elucidate current areas of resistance and recommendations for prophylaxis and treatment. Great stress is given to the warning that no prophylaxis is foolproof and failures arise most commonly from not taking the drugs as prescribed. In particular they must be started 1 week before departure and continued for 4-6 weeks after leaving the malaria area. Any fever up to 12-18months after leaving a malaria area should arouse suspicion of malaria and be investigated accordingly. Appropriate advice must be sought prior to departure from a reputable travel advice centre. Antimalarial drugs Newer drugs Areas of Drug Resistant Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria.

142. Roll Back Malaria Department Global Partnership hosted by the World Health Organization enabling countries to take effective, sustainable action against malaria, focusing on prompt access to effective treatment, prevention and control of malaria during pregnancy, promotion of insecticidetreated mosquito nets as a means of prevention, and anti-malaria strategies for emergency and epidemic situations. http://mosquito.who.int/

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143. Plasmodium (malaria) malaria has been recognized as an important parasitic disease of humans for centuries, Four species of Plasmodium infect humans and cause malaria. http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/plasmodium.html

Plasmodium spp. (malaria) Malaria has been recognized as an important parasitic disease of humans for centuries, having been described by the early Egyptians in the third millennium B.C. Despite the introduction of control programs in many parts of the world over the past few decades, the impact of malaria on human populations continues to increase. Recent estimates suggest (1) that 1.5 billion persons live in areas of the world where malaria is an endemic disease, (2) that the number of infected humans exceeds 500,000,000, and (3) that 1-2 million persons die each year. Four species of Plasmodium infect humans and cause malaria. All species are vector borne diseases, being spread by anopheline mosquitoes , and the disease is distributed throughout much of the world ( view distribution ). In the human host the parasite is found primarily inside of the red blood cells (RBC). The parasite reproduces asexually inside of the RBC, and following this the RBC breaks open releasing many new parasites (merozoites). These parasites then infect more RBC's, and this ultimately leads to the destruction of massive numbers of RBC's. The characteristic "chill and fever" (paroxysm) associated with malaria occurs when the parasites are released from the RBC's, and since the release of parasites is periodic, the paroxysms are periodic. For examples, the paroxysms associated with a tertian malaria (e.g., Plasmodium vivax ) occur about ever 48 hours, and those associated with a quarten malaria (e.g.

144. Malaria Toll 'outrageously High' CNN http://cnn.com/2003/WORLD/africa/04/25/malaria.who.reut/index.html

145. Spread Of Major Tropical Vector-borne Diseases - Climate Change of endemic malaria areas and at higher altitudes within malaria areas. The changes in malaria risk must be interpreted on the basis of local environment http://www.grida.no/climate/vital/41.htm

Vital Climate Graphics Potential Impacts of Climate Change End of series 40. Malaria Plasmodium vivax, with the Anopheles mosquito as a vector, is an organism causing malaria. The main climate factors that have bearing on the malarial transmission potential of the mosquito population are temperature and precipitation. Assessments of the potential impact of global climate change on the incidence of malaria suggests a widespread increase of risk due to expansion of the areas suitable for malaria transmission. The predicted increase is most pronounced at the borders of endemic malaria areas and at higher altitudes within malaria areas. The changes in malaria risk must be interpreted on the basis of local environment conditions, the effects of socioeconomic development and malaria control programs or capabilities. The incidence of infection is sensitive to climate changes in areas of Southeast Asia, South America and parts of Africa. In these areas the number of years of healthy life lost may increase significantly. End of series Vital Climate Graphics Potential Impacts of Climate Change United Nations Environment Programme GRID-Arendal Text and graphics may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes, provided that credit is given to the source.

146. NetMark: Public-Private Partnership For Sustainable Malaria Prevention Managed by the Academy for Educational Development (AED), a Washington, D.C.based nonprofit organization. Goal is to make affordable, lifesaving insecticide-treated nets commercially available on a national scale in Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal and Zambia. http://www.netmarkafrica.org/

Skip to Flash-free page Targeted Subsidies TV Spot New ExxonMobil Initiatives NetMark 2004 Household Survey Report on ITNs in Ghana completed (pdf, 1.21 MB) VAT Exempted in Ghana

147. Malaria Special - Main News Page swissinfo s malaria Special was awarded the prestigious Prix Italia for Web Another prize for the malaria Special, the Prix Italia 2004 prize for Web http://www.swissinfo.org/sen/swissinfo.html?siteSect=670

148. Anti-malaria Drug Brewed From Microbes CNN http://cnn.com/2003/HEALTH/06/08/malaria.microbes.ap/index.html

149. Malaria Mechanism Revealed By determining the molecular structure of a protein that enables malaria parasites to invade red blood cells, researchers have uncovered valuable clues for http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-07/cshl-mmr072505.php

Public release date: 28-Jul-2005 E-mail Article Contact: Peter Sherwood sherwood@cshl.edu Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Malaria mechanism revealed Molecular 'handshake' of key parasite protein seen as target for drug design and vaccine development By determining the molecular structure of a protein that enables malaria parasites to invade red blood cells, researchers have uncovered valuable clues for rational antimalarial drug design and vaccine development. The findings are reported in the July 29 issue of the journal Cell. Malaria causes approximately 400 million clinical cases and 2 million deaths annually, with more than 80% of deaths occurring among children. The disease is caused by mosquito-borne parasites of the genus Plasmodium (primarily Plasmodium falciparum). Following the initial stages of infection, merozoite-stage parasites ("merozoites") invade red blood cells, leading to clinical symptoms and in many cases, death. "Niraj Tolia [the first author of the study] had malaria when he was young. So when he joined my lab as a graduate student, it didn't take long for me to convince him that this was a good project," says structural biologist Leemor Joshua-Tor of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, who led the research. A major pathway through which malaria parasites invade red blood cells is the binding of a protein on the surface of merozoites called EBA-175 to a receptor protein on the surface of red blood cells called glycophorin A. Merozoites die if they do not invade red blood cells soon after their release (from liver cells) into the bloodstream. Thus, the binding of EBA-175 to glycophorin A is a prominent target for the development of therapies to control malaria.

150. Malaria - MayoClinic.com malaria is one of the oldest diseases on Earth, but still one of its leading killers. http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?id=DS00475

151. Study Smallpox Vaccine Can Boost Malaria Resistance CNN http://cnn.com/2003/HEALTH/conditions/05/26/vaccine.boost.ap/index.html

152. Malaria Title Page WELCOME TO THE malaria WEBSITE MATERNAL malaria CEREBRAL malaria ANTIGENS COMMUNITY HEALTH VACCINES LINKS REFERENCES http://www.brown.edu/Courses/Bio_160/Projects1999/malaria/malmain.html

WELCOME TO THE MALARIA WEBSITE Female Anopheline Mosquito (DFID) EPIDEMIOLOGY LIFE CYCLE OF PARASITE PATHOLOGY / I.R. MATERNAL MALARIA CEREBRAL MALARIA ... REFERENCES Questions? Contact Nasser_Khan@brown.edu or Andrew_Lai@brown.edu BACK TO BIO 160 HOME PAGE

153. MalariaNet Sponsored by USAID's Office of Health, Infectious Diseases and Nutrition. Resources available include regular bulletins and reports outlining antimalaria strategies and policy recommendations, assessments of past programs, studies and conference proceedings. http://www.ehproject.org/Library/MalariaNet.htm

Home This Is EHP EHP News EHP Activities ... Site Map EHP Malaria Reports Library Malaria Bulletins - 2004 EHP Info Center Malaria Bulletins - 2004/2003 EHP II Malaria and Other Vector-borne Disease Reports June 17, 2004 (pdf) May 20, 2004 (pdf) Apr 13 (pdf) Feb 2 (pdf) Jan 19-Feb 2004 (pdf) Jan 1-18, 2004 (pdf) Dec 15-28 (pdf) Dec 1-14 (pdf) Nov 17-30 (pdf) Nov 1-16 (pdf) Oct 20-31 (pdf) Oct 6-19 (pdf) Sep 22-Oct 5 (pdf) Sep 8-21 (pdf) Aug 25-Sep 7 (pdf) Aug 4-24 (pdf) July 21-Aug 3 (pdf) July 1-20 (pdf) June 16-30 (pdf) June 2-15 (pdf) Activity Report 137. Combining Hygiene Behavior Change with Water and Sanitation: Monitoring Progress in Hato Mayor, Dominican Republic Activity Report 136. Intercountry Collaboration for Improving Surveillance and Control of Vector-borne Diseases Activity Report 131.

154. Japan Closing On Malaria Vaccine CNN http://cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/east/05/07/japan.malaria.reut/index.html

155. EMVI Home Page Established in 1998 by the European Commission and interested European Union Member States, in order to address identified structural deficiencies in public http://www.emvi.org/

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156. UNICEF Warns Of Malaria Epidemic In Ethiopia CNN http://cnn.com/2003/HEALTH/08/12/ethiopia.malaria.reut/index.html

157. Manipulative Malaria Parasite Makes You More Attractive (to New research has shown that the malaria parasite makes infected humans smell more attractive to mosquitoes. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/09/science/09para.html

158. MIMCom Malaria Research Resources Communications working group of the Multilateral Initiative on malaria, from the National Library of Medicine. http://www.mimcom.net/

Skip to Content Search NLM Web Site NLM Home Contact NLM Site Map FAQs MIMCom Malaria Research Resources MIMCom Home About Us Contact Us MIMCom Site Map ... MIMCom "We must develop a communications system so that the miraculous triumphs of modern science can be taken from the laboratory and transmitted to all in need." Senator Lister Hill, 1965 About MIMCom About MIMCom News and New Resources Databases ClinicalTrials.gov CRISP MedlinePlus PubMed ... Publishers Medical Reference Resources General Medical Resources Genomics Malaria Acronyms Malaria Reference ... Vaccines Internet Resources Discussion Groups General Internet Resources Internet Search Miscellaneous Library Resources Organisations Surveying Training Materials Current News WASHINGTON, June 10, 2005 GAO Highlights The full report, Global Health: The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria Is Responding to Challenges but Needs Better Information and Documentation for Performance-Based Funding , is available as a PDF at: http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05639.pdf Featured Site Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI) A focused vaccine development program created in 1999. Its mission is to accelerate the development of promising malaria vaccines and ensure their availability and accessibility in the developing world.

159. BUBL LINK: Malaria Resource type index; malaria Database Information for scientists working in Includes malaria genome mapping data, nucleotide and protein information, http://bubl.ac.uk/link/m/malaria.htm

BUBL LINK Catalogue of Internet Resources Home Search Subject Menus Countries ... Z Malaria Titles Descriptions Epidemiology, the Internet and Global Health GP Online Insects on WWW: Mosquito Malaria Database ... OMNI Subject Listing for Communicable Diseases Comments: bubl@bubl.ac.uk Epidemiology, the Internet and Global Health Online course designed to provide an overview on epidemiology and the Internet for medical and health related students around the world. The course consists of a series of annotated slide based lectures on topics such as disease monitoring, health economics, malaria, nutrition and global health. Author: Subjects: epidemiology, global health, malaria, nutrition DeweyClass: Resource type: guide GP Online Articles of interest to general medical practitioners, covering topics including the prescription of antidepressants, sleep and respiratory disorders, malaria, and a GP multiple choice quiz. Author: Priory Lodge Education Subjects: malaria, medical practice, sleep DeweyClass: Resource type: journal Insects on WWW: Mosquito Set of links to Internet resources relevant to mosquitoes. Headings include biology, diseases, management, common species, identification and taxonomy.

160. Malaria Drugs For Travelers Under Debate CNN http://cnn.com/2002/HEALTH/conditions/11/30/malaria.debate.ap/index.html

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