101. BBC NEWS | Health | Medical Notes | Leprosy leprosy is a painful condition which, although curable, can leave sufferers deformed and crippled if left untreated. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/medical_notes/166163.stm

NEWS SPORT WEATHER WORLD SERVICE ... A-Z INDEX SEARCH You are in: Health: Medical notes News Front Page Africa ... Programmes SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobile/PDAs Text Only ... Help EDITIONS Change to UK Monday, 7 September, 1998, 12:58 GMT 13:58 UK Leprosy If the condition is left untreated, leprosy can lead to amputations Leprosy is one of the oldest recorded diseases. It is a chronic infectious disease that attacks the nervous system, particularly the nerves of the hands, feet and face. Sufferers feel no pain in these areas and are thus likely to injure themselves without realising it. What is Leprosy? Leprosy is a painful condition which, although curable, can leave sufferers deformed and crippled if left untreated. It is caused by a bacteria similar to that which causes tuberculosis. There are three types of the disease. The generalised form - the lepromatous form - attacks peripheral nerves, the skin, the hands and feet, the mucous membranes (such as the lining of the nose), and the eyes. In contrast, the tuberculoid form is localised, so its affects are less widespread across the body. The third type is known as borderline or dimorphous leprosy, and is has characteristics of both other forms.

102. BBC NEWS | Health | Slave Trade Key To Leprosy Spread European colonialism and the slave trade probably played a key role in the spread of leprosy, research suggests. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4540461.stm

News Sport Weather World Service ... Newswatch Last Updated: Friday, 13 May, 2005, 09:38 GMT 10:38 UK E-mail this to a friend Printable version Slave trade key to leprosy spread Leprosy is still common in the developing world European colonialism and the slave trade probably played a key role in the spread of leprosy, research suggests. The disease appears to have originated in East Africa, and spread to Asia and Europe before reaching West Africa, and then the Caribbean and South America. The findings are based on a genetic analysis of different strains of the bacterium which causes leprosy. The international study, led by the Pasteur Institute in Paris, is published in the journal Science. LEPROSY Primarily affects the skin and nervous system, particularly the limbs and digits Can cause permanent disability and disfigurement Treatable with a combination of antibiotics It is hoped the findings will help public health experts better understand how leprosy is spread - and thus track the disease more effectively. Better understanding of the genetics of the disease might also help improve treatment, as it could enable doctors to pin down whether a patient has a new infection, or a recurrence of a previous infection.

103. LEPROSY Mycobacterium leprae or leprosy bacili. MODE OF TRANSMISSION treat all leprosy cases to prevent spread of infection; young children should avoid direct http://www.doh.gov.ph/advisory/leprosy.htm

HOME e-Mail About DOH Press Releases ... Health Hotlines LEPROSY (KETONG) CAUSE Mycobacterium leprae or leprosy bacili MODE OF TRANSMISSION Airborne: inhalation of droplet/spray from coughing and sneezing of untreated leprosy patient SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS long standing skin lesions that do not disappear with ordinary treatment loss of feeling/numbness on the skin loss of sweating and hair growth over the skin lesions thickened and/or painful nerves in the neck, forearm, near elbow joint and the back of knees IMMEDIATE TREATMENT Multi-Drug Therapy (MDT) Go to the nearest health center for immediate treatment PREVENTION AND CONTROL treat all leprosy cases to prevent spread of infection young children should avoid direct contact with untreated patients practice personal hygiene maintain body resistance by healthful living good nutrition enough rest and exercises clean environment

104. DermAtlas: Online Dermatology Image Library Dermatology Image,leprosy,Mycobacter DermAtlas Dermatology Images scar,leprosy,leprosy,dermatology image,autoamputation,Mycobacterium leprae infection, lepromatous images. http://dermatlas.med.jhmi.edu/derm/result.cfm?Diagnosis=865860921

105. Leprosy (Hansen S Disease) (NYHD) leprosy (Hansen s disease). What is leprosy? leprosy is a chronic bacterial disease of the skin, nerves in the hands and feet and, in some cases, http://www.nevdgp.org.au/geninf/nyhd/ny_leprosy.htm

106. Leprosy Was Spread By Colonialism, Slave Trade New genetics research has rewritten the history of the evolution and spread of leprosy, a disease that afflicts only humans, armadillos, and the footpads of http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/05/0512_050512_leprosy.html

Site Index Subscribe Shop Search Top 15 Most Popular Stories NEWS Front Page Environment Health Offbeat ... Video in the News SPECIAL SERIES The Genographic Project Pulse of the Planet National Geographic Channel RESOURCES (What's this?) Contact Us Front Page Health Leprosy Was Spread by Colonialism, Slave Trade Stefan Lovgren for National Geographic News May 12, 2005 It is an infectious disease that dates back at least to biblical times, yet leprosy has puzzled scientists since the identification, in 1873, of the bacterium that causes it. Known for its disfiguring skin lesions and potentially debilitating nerve damage, leprosy, or Hansen's disease, is a very difficult disease to transmit. It also has a long incubation period, making it hard for a doctor to determine where a leprosy patient contracted the disease. But now a team of French scientists has discovered how the disease evolved and how it was spread across the continents by human migrations. Researchers also found that leprosy probably originated in East Africa and not India, as previously thought. The disease was brought eastward and westward by colonialism and the slave trade, the scientists believe. "The bacterium has a highly stable genome and appears to have been spread between people by contact or the aerosol [airborne particles] route and dispersed around the world by human migrations," said Stewart Cole, a geneticist at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, France.

107. Leprosy Research Org The National Hansen s Disease Programs are responsible for care of all HD patients living in the United States. The program falls under the umbrella of the http://svm369.vetmed.lsu.edu/

"Grand Rounds" in Leprosy Research "No generous mind stops within itself... There is no end to our searchings..." Montaigne (1533-1592) Table of Contents Grand Rounds Topics Faculty and Presenters Upcoming Programs Contact Us Frequently Asked Questions History of NHDP Medical Treatment of HD Programs Poster Presentations Leprosy (Hansen's Disease, HD) a chronic infectious disorder caused by the bacterium, Mycobacterium leprae, that primarily affects the peripheral nervous system and secondarily involves skin and other tissues. Though rare in the United States, several million people throughout the world continue to suffer effects of leprosy and medical research in this area remains an important priority This page is dedicated to helping medical students and interested laymen develop a basic understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis and medical treatment of leprosy; and to guide those seeking more in depth information to appropriate resources. We have assembled a number of brief 'state of the art' presentations on many major aspects of the disease. Most of these presentations were distilled from seminars sponsored by the National Hansen's Disease Programs (NHDP) and showcase our medical and scientific faculty or invited guests. The

108. WorldNetDaily Are Illegals Making US A Leper Colony? leprosy is curable with proper treatment (photo Columbia News Service). leprosy, the contagious skin disease evoking thoughts of biblical and medieval http://worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=44394

109. The Pan American Health Organization Promoting Health In The Keeping leprosy Under Control Caribbean leprosy Control Managers Workshop It will provide a situation analysis, discussions on IEC and leprosy http://www.ops-oms.org/english/ad/dpc/cd/leprosy.htm

The Pan American Health Organization Promoting Health in the Americas Search Home Page Health Data Topics List Media Center Information Products PAHO Publishing Knowledge Resources Disease Prevention and Control Communicable Diseases Anthrax Antimicrobial Resistance ... General Info/Links What's New Status of Leprosy in the Region of the Americas This fact sheet describes and illustrates the current situation for leprosy (Hansen's disease) in the Region of the Americas, in a context of eliminating the disease as a public-health problem and the reduction in its incidence resulting from the use of multidrug therapy (MDT). It contains a table with data from the countries and a map showing leprosy prevalence, as well as a summary of current activities and challenges. lep-americas.htm lep-americas.pdf ... more items. Surveillance Featured Surveillance Items Status of Leprosy in the Region of the Americas This fact sheet describes and illustrates the current situation for leprosy (Hansen's disease) in the Region of the Americas, in a context of eliminating the disease as a public-health problem and the reduction in its incidence resulting from the use of multidrug therapy (MDT). It contains a table with data from the countries and a map showing leprosy prevalence, as well as a summary of current activities and challenges. lep-americas.htm

110. Imported Leprosy In The United States, 1978 Through 1988: An Epidemic Without Se leprosy remains a major health problem in many regions of the world. In the United States, although leprosy continues to be reported, approximately 90% of http://www.ajph.org/cgi/content/abstract/82/8/1127

HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ... TABLE OF CONTENTS QUICK SEARCH: [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year: Vol: Page: This Article Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager ... Cited by other online articles PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Mastro, T. D. Articles by Breiman, R. F. JOURNAL ARTICLE Imported leprosy in the United States, 1978 through 1988: an epidemic without secondary transmission TD Mastro, SC Redd and RF Breiman Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga. 30333. OBJECTIVES. Leprosy remains a major health problem in many regions of the world. In the United States, although leprosy continues to be reported, approximately 90% of cases are imported (i.e., occur among immigrants and refugees). An increase in imported cases began in 1978. This study was

111. Leprosy Signs and Symptoms There are two basic types of leprosy lepromatous leprosy (LL) Lepromatous leprosy is a progressive malignant process occurring in http://www3.baylor.edu/~Charles_Kemp/leprosy.htm

Back to Infectious Diseases or Refugees Leprosy (Hansen's Disease) Primary Distribution : Tropical and sub-tropical Africa, Asia, Pacific Islands, South America, Central America, and Mexico. Countries reporting the most cases in 1997 were Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, and Nigeria (CDC, 1998). Agent and Vector : The acid-fast rod Mycobacterium leprae is transmitted probably via the respiratory route through prolonged exposure in childhood. Incubation: Usually 2-5 years; and up to 20 years. Clinical Findings and Treatment Signs and Symptoms : There are two basic types of leprosy: lepromatous leprosy (LL) and tuberculoid leprosy (TL). Either of these may be classified as borderline (borderline lepromatous or BL and borderline tuberculoid or BT). Patients who fall between the two basic types may be classified as borderline borderline (BB); and patients with vaguely defined (often early) lesions may be classified as indeterminate (I). Most initial infections involve few symptoms and spontaneous recovery is common, with a minority of patients developing clinical disease. Initial lesions tend to be vaguely defined hypopigmented or erythematous macules, i.e., indeterminate. Lepromatous leprosy Tuberculoid leprosy is less malignant than LL and there is no or less deficiency in cell mediated immunity. Skin lesions are anesthetic and include well-demarcated macules and plaques that range from less than one cm to large enough to cover most of a body area. TL lesions may heal (centrally) spontaneously, leaving variously pigmented areas. Asymmetrical peripheral nerve involvement is common and leads to gradual loss of sensation, especially in the hands, feet, and face. Cutaneous nerves may be enlarged and/or tender.

112. The Leprosy Mission With two thirds of them being brand new to our range and more than 30% of them being produced by leprosy affected or disadvantaged people - we hope there http://www.tlmtrading.com/

Home About us About leprosy Craft centres ... Login Product search Enter a keyword Quick order Enter product ref Christmas cards Christmas items Church resources Household gifts ... Catalogue request TLM Trading Limited PO Box 212 Peterborough United Kingdom email us document.all.contactlink.href = 'ma' + 'il' + 'to' + ':' + 'enquiries@tlmtrading.com'; Web design by CITE Our Autumn Winter range is now available Our Autumn Winter range is now out with over 650 products in it - all of which can be bought from this web site. With two thirds of them being brand new to our range - and more than 30% of them being produced by leprosy affected or disadvantaged people - we hope there will be something to encourage you to buy from us. Please feel free to browse around the site or call us on for a copy of the catalogue. Record number of new products! We're keen to stress just how many new products we've introduced this season, especially for our 'rehab' range where we have worked closely with a design consultant. We do hope you will like them! Trading Partners needed Could you sell our products to your friends, contacts or relatives and earn 20% commission? Click here for more information about our Trading Partner Scheme.

113. CIOMAL - International Committee Of The Order Of Malta For Leprosy Relief The eradication of leprosy from the world is a challenge which is ready to be taken up by all the associations created for this purpose in those countries http://www.smommuseum.ch/files/activities/ciomal.html

International Committee of the Order of Malta for Leprosy Relief Office of the CIOMAL CH - 1205 Geneva Switzerland Bank Union de Banques Suisse - N. 396.238.00 F Website It's this page :-) At the beginning of the 1950s, a large international movement led to the creation, throughout Europe, of a large number of committees set up to help people suffering from leprosy. At that time, the Grand Magistry of the Sovereign Hospitaller Order of Malta was offered the opportunity to demonstrate its multisecular hospitaller activities and created in Geneva the International Committee of the Order of Malta for Leprosy Relief (CIOMAL) in conjunction with the World Health Organisation ( WHO ) which laid down the foundations for a vast program which expressed itself in the ambitious goal of "Health for all by the year 2000" As a member of the International Federation of organisations fighting against leprosy (ILEP), the aims of CIOMAL are as follow : to establish contacts with the the governments representatives and with international organisations ; to ensure the screening of sufferers by specialised medical personnel;

114. ► Leprosy A medical encycopedia article on the topic leprosy. http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/001347.htm

var MenuLinkedBy='AllWebMenus [2]', awmBN='530'; awmAltUrl=''; Disease Nutrition Surgery Symptoms Injury ... Encyclopedia (English) Toggle English Spanish Leprosy Overview Symptoms Treatment Prevention Definition: An infectious disease, known since Biblical times, which is characterized by disfiguring skin lesions, peripheral nerve damage, and progressive debilitation. Alternative Names: Hansen's disease Causes, incidence, and risk factors: Leprosy is caused by the organism Mycobacterium leprae . It is a difficult disease to transmit and has a long incubation period, which makes it difficult to determine where or when the disease was contracted. Children are more susceptible than adults to contracting the disease. Leprosy has two common forms, tuberculoid and lepromatous, and these have been further subdivided. Both forms produce lesions on the skin, but the lepromatous form is most severe, producing large disfiguring nodules . All forms of the disease eventually cause peripheral neurological damage (nerve damage in the extremities) manifested by sensory loss in the skin and weakness of the muscles. People with long-term leprosy may lose the use of their hands or feet due to repeated injury which results from absent sensation.

115. The Leprosy Mission - Scotland The leprosy Mission (TLM) is an international Christian medical charity Since its foundation in Dublin 130 years ago, The leprosy Mission has been http://www.tlmscotland.org.uk/

The Leprosy Mission (TLM) is an international Christian medical charity working in 28 countries and currently caring for some 220,000 leprosy sufferers, of whom 60,000 are newly detected cases. Our objective is 'to minister in the name of Jesus Christ to the physical, mental, social and spiritual needs of individuals and communities disadvantaged by leprosy, working with them to uphold human dignity and eradicate leprosy' The Leprosy Mission... TLM has been in the business of curing and caring for people with leprosy since 1874 , but what a difference between the situation and possibilities then, compared with today. More The latest news Keep up to date with Linda's latest newsletter and updates from the mission field.

116. Leprosy name Ram Armon age 50s Question Is leprosy infectios? Yes it is an infectious agent caused by a spirochete not too unlike the germ that causes http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/mole00/mole00046.htm

Ask A Scientist Molecular Biology Archive Leprosy Back to General Science Topics Ask A Scientist Index NEWTON Homepage Ask A Question ... NEWTON is an electronic community for Science, Math, and Computer Science K-12 Educators. Argonne National Laboratory, Division of Educational Programs, Harold Myron, Ph.D., Division Director.

117. Leprosy leprosy is caused by a bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae. People with leprosy used to be sent to leper colonies and were shunned because of the http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/bio99/bio99747.htm

Ask A Scientist Biology Archive Leprosy Back to Biology Ask A Scientist Index NEWTON Homepage Ask A Question ... NEWTON is an electronic community for Science, Math, and Computer Science K-12 Educators. Argonne National Laboratory, Division of Educational Programs, Harold Myron, Ph.D., Division Director.

118. The Leprosy Mission New Zealand The leprosy Mission Te Mihana Tuwhenua o Aotearoa - Partners with People in Poverty. http://www.leprosymission.org.nz/

http://www.makepovertyhistory.org.nz Home About Us About Leprosy ... News The Leprosy Mission New Zealand is a Christian development organisation whose main goal is to eradicate the causes and consequences of leprosy. Sudan Crisis Sudan is now the scene of one of the world's worst humanitarian crises. Refugees affected by leprosy are refused shelter and despised everywhere simply because of their disease - and they need your help. Find out more... Make Poverty History MAKE POVERTY HISTORY brings together charities and faith groups worldwide, as well as celebrities and individual supporters, who are united by a common belief that 2005 offers an unprecedented opportunity for global change. Find out more...

119. Thomas' Eclectic Practice Of Medicine, 1907: Infectious Diseases: Leprosy. leprosy existed in Egypt 3500 BC, and the clearcut and well-defined Lucretius says, leprosy is a disease born in Egypt along the waters of the Nile, http://www.ibiblio.org/herbmed/eclectic/thomas/leprosy.html

Home Classic texts Thomas The Eclectic Practice of Medicine by Rolla L. Thomas, M. S., M. D., 1907. Leprosy. Synonyms Definition History .—Leprosy existed in Egypt 3500 B. C., and the clear-cut and well-defined description of the disease and the methods of dealing with it, as found in the thirteenth and fourteenth chapters of Leviticus, show that the writer was as familiar with it as the authors of modern times. Lucretius says, "Leprosy is a disease born in Egypt along the waters of the Nile, and nowhere else." The Hebrews brought it with them from the land of bondage, and to be a leper was worse than death. India, Arabia, Palestine, and China have also been its home from the earliest times. During the decline of the Roman Empire, when Europe was overrun with immigration, leprosy increased to an alarming extent. Rev. L. W. Mulhane, in a little work on "Leprosy and the Charity of the Church," says: "In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, the awful disease had made such headway that leper institutions might be said to cover the face of Europe, and at one time there was scarcely a town in France but had its leper asylum, and in the kingdom of France alone there were two thousand leproseries—hospitals for lepers. "In England one hundred and ten leper-houses existed from the twelfth to the sixteenth century."

120. Fighting Leprosy In Nepal - Jenny Davis Tillandsias are a remarkeable plant which live on air, taking their nutrients and water supply straight from the atmosphere. http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/nepal/default.htm

This is a story about today's technology and an ancient disease. It is set in the beautiful but poor Kingdom of Nepal and describes scientists who are sharing their skills and using molecular biology to understand and control leprosy. Jenny Davis tells the story of her visit to the "Forest of Joy" outside Kathmandu. A road leading up to the Forest of Joy I am a microbiologist in an Australian public health laboratory. We have modern equipment and use sophisticated methods to investigate infectious disease problems in our community. But I've wondered about how much use this technology would be if I was in a lab in a developing country -basic health needs mean basic lab techniques, right? Then last year, I heard Australian immunologist Dr Paul Roche speak about his research work with leprosy in Nepal. I thought Paul was great. He was very aware of the ethics of conducting research in a developing country; he was keen to apply cutting-edge techniques to solve complex problems; and best of all, he was enthusiastic about the sharing of skills with his Nepali scientific colleagues. I decided to visit him at the Mycobacterial Research Laboratory at Anandaban Leprosy Hospital, Nepal. A leprosy infection can result in disfigurement of the eyelids so that they don't quite close properly.

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