81. Global Leprosy-Leprosy Research Support-Colorado State University leprosy As It Was / leprosy Today / The Continuing Need for leprosy Research and The socalled leprosy Elimination Project had the effect of galvanizing http://www.cvmbs.colostate.edu/microbiology/leprosy/globalleprosy3.html

Patrick J. Brennan Click for larger view Leprosy As It Was Leprosy Today The Continuing Need for Leprosy Research and Central Resources Global Leprosy In 1978, NIAID awarded two contracts for the purpose of fractionating Mycobacterium leprae -infected armadillo organs to derive sizable quantities of M. leprae for use by the leprosy research community. Dr. Brennan's National Jewish Hospital was awarded one. On Dr. Brennan's transfer to Colorado State University in 1980, the work moved there. Thus, we have had this contract since 1979 through four subsequent recompetitions. Since the closedown of the WHO/IMMLEP M. leprae Bank in 1990, this Contract is now the sole source of appreciable quantities of M. leprae and its various products. Prior to 1995, two contracts existed, "Isolation, Purification and Characterization of Antigens from Purified Mycobacterium leprae Obtained from Armadillo Tissue" at CSU and "Establishment and Maintenance of an Armadillo Colony Infected with M. leprae

82. Global Leprosy-Leprosy Research Support-Colorado State University leprosy As It Was / leprosy Today / The Continuing Need for leprosy Research and Central Due to the substantial progress in leprosy control through MDT, http://www.cvmbs.colostate.edu/mip/leprosy/globalleprosy3.html

Mission Statement: To identify a new diagnostic tool every year for the detection of early signs of leprosy infection, diagnosis of sub-clinical disease and to monitor transmission of leprosy. click here for Specific Aim Patrick J. Brennan Click for larger view Leprosy As It Was Leprosy Today The Continuing Need for Leprosy Research and Central Resources Global Leprosy In 1978, NIAID awarded two contracts for the purpose of fractionating Mycobacterium leprae -infected armadillo organs to derive sizable quantities of M. leprae for use by the leprosy research community. Dr. Brennan's program at National Jewish Hospital was awarded one of the two contracts. Upon Dr. Brennan's transfer to Colorado State University in 1980, the work moved there. Thus, we have had this contract since 1979 through five subsequent recompetitions. Since the closing of the WHO/IMMLEP M. leprae

83. Leprosy The earliest clinically detectable lesions of leprosy involve the skin and show leprosy bacilli are unable to penetrate directly into the nervous system http://www.kcom.edu/faculty/chamberlain/Website/lectures/tritzid/LEPROSY.htm

MM 323-324; ID 1008-1017 Previous Lecture Next Lecture Table of Contents LEPROSY NAME OF DISEASE : Leprosy Hansen's Disease ETIOLOGICAL AGENT Mycobacterium leprae , an acid fast, Gram , rod-shaped obligate intracellular organism. Grown in armadillos. It cannot be grown in agar medium. THE DISEASE A chronic intracellular infectious disease unique to man. Usually it is not fatal. The manifestations of the disease depend on the resistance of the host. Types: 1. Tuberculoid - host is highly resistant, clinical abnormalities limited to a few peripheral nerves and adjacent skin areas, tuberculoid granuloma 2. Lepromatous - host lacks resistance, all tissues affected, foam cell granuloma 3. Borderline - between tuberculoid and lepromatous PATHOLOGY The earliest clinically detectable lesions of leprosy involve the skin and show histologic association with sebaceous glands and hair follicles. From the onset, small cutaneous nerve fibers are involved. With bacillary multiplication, contiguous skin areas, including autonomic nerve fibers, dermal appendages, and blood vessels, are invaded. Lymphohematogenous dissemination of bacilli is probably an early phenomenon. As infection spreads along sensory nerves, motor fibers within parent nerve trunks are damaged. Leprosy bacilli are unable to penetrate directly into the nervous system proximal to the dorsal root ganglions; central nervous system infection does not occur.

84. Welcome To Our Foundation - Novartis Foundation For Sustainable Development A fund of the Novartis Foundation (NFSD) for the detection, treatment, and prevention of leprosy. http://www.novartisfoundation.com/leprosy/

German News Contact Sitemap ... About us Annual Report 2005/06 Our new annual report 2005/2006 has been published. The report is available as a print and a pdf version. Proceedings of the International Symposium 2004: A Duty for Whom? The proceedings of the Symposium 2004 have been published. The report is available as a pdf version. You may also order a free copy of the printed version. Novartis Foundation Symposium 2005 Can an individual change the world? Not only in the private sector, also in the humanitarian area personal initiative makes a difference. Private commitment, competence and persistence have a future - countless people work for a better world, in all continents, on various fields, day after day. The Novartis Symposium 2005 gives an opportunity to meet people with a vision and drive who represent social and humanitarian movements. Resignation? No, thank you! Be inspired by humanitarian success stories. Program and Registration for This Year's Symposium Novartis receives 2005 Excellence in Corporate Philanthropy Award Honor recognizes outstanding executive commitment, dedication to measurement and innovation in corporate philanthropy

85. The Leprosy Mission Australia http://www.leprosymission.org.au/

86. Leprosy leprosy is a bacterial disease of the skin and nervous system. http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/955138710.html

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Email this article Print this article Find related articles: By topic: Infections/Infectious Diseases By keywords: Receive Health Link via email! Subscribe now >> Leprosy What is leprosy? Leprosy is a bacterial disease of the skin and nervous system caused by Mycobacterium leprae . The two main types of leprosy are called lepromatous and tuberculoid . Tuberculoid leprosy is not related to tuberculosis. Who gets leprosy? Leprosy is usually found in South Asia, Southeast Asia, tropical Africa and some areas of Latin America. Although it is occasionally found in the southern part of the United States, most persons diagnosed with leprosy in this country are immigrants or refugees who were infected in their native countries. What are the symptoms of leprosy? In lepromatous leprosy, the skin lesions are many and widespread. Infection in the nose may cause crusting, bleeding and blockage; infection in the eye may cause inflammation of the iris and cornea. In tuberculoid leprosy, the skin lesions are fewer and have little or no feeling. There may also be numbness in the hands, feet or other parts of the body. Lepromatous leprosy is much more contagious than tuberculoid leprosy. How soon after exposure do symptoms appear?

87. American Leprosy Foundation A nonprofit research center for leprosy and other biomedical research located in Cebu City, The Philippines. Administrative offices are located in Rockville, MD USA. http://www.erols.com/lwm-alf/index.html

88. Health Protection Agency leprosy is a curable chronic infectious disease caused by the bacillus, leprosy can affect all ages and both sexes. Throughout history sufferers have http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_az/leprosy/menu.htm

Skip navigation menu Search Advanced Search Home About Us Topics A-Z ... Contact Us Infectious Diseases Infections A-Z list HPA Centre for Infections Services and Activities Bioinformatics ... STBRL Key Functions Infectious Diseases Radiation Emergency Response Business Activities Leprosy Leprosy is a curable chronic infectious disease caused by the bacillus, Mycobacterium leprae Menu Leprosy briefing Key text and publications Slide Set Back © Health Protection Agency Home Search Contact Us Accessibility ... Freedom of Information Search powered by

89. LEPR: Online Journals The International Journal of leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, published quarterly, is devoted to the publication of original articles, http://www.leprosyjournal.org/lepronline/?request=index-html

90. Ivory Tower Crime Detailed information about leprosy and armadillos. http://pandoras-box.org/

Ivory Tower Crime PLAGIARISM, FRAUD, AND DISCRIMINATION do not constitute MISCONDUCT IN SCIENCE according to OFFICE OF RESEARCH INTEGRITY U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Then what constitutes scientific misconduct? According to Dr. Clyde Watkins of Office of Research Integrity , the official government definition was fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism. We flunked his test. Of three words we used to characterize a major scientific crime , only one was on his list, and we used it out of order. Therefore, he dismissed our appeal for a hearing. Since then, the Ryan Commission has compounded the problem by redefining misconduct as misappropriation, interference, and misrepresentation. Now, ORI has six words they can Babelize to block the public from hearing the truth about misconduct in science. In reality, we did not get a hearing because our case incriminated U.S. Public Health Service officials, and Office of Research Integrity would do anything in their power to protect them, including a sophomoric juggling of words. The clumsy deceptions used by USPHS to obstruct justice are more frightening than the crimes they committed to begin with. You can pick up this labyrinthine trail of deceit by visiting

91. Welcome To Our Foundation - Novartis Foundation For Sustainable Development WHO, the Nippon Foundation, Novartis and ILEP cooperate on a global alliance to eliminate leprosy as a public health problem from every country by the year 2005. http://www.novartisfoundation.com/leprosy/global_alliance/index.htm

German News Contact Sitemap ... About us Annual Report 2005/06 Our new annual report 2005/2006 has been published. The report is available as a print and a pdf version. Proceedings of the International Symposium 2004: A Duty for Whom? The proceedings of the Symposium 2004 have been published. The report is available as a pdf version. You may also order a free copy of the printed version. Novartis Foundation Symposium 2005 Can an individual change the world? Not only in the private sector, also in the humanitarian area personal initiative makes a difference. Private commitment, competence and persistence have a future - countless people work for a better world, in all continents, on various fields, day after day. The Novartis Symposium 2005 gives an opportunity to meet people with a vision and drive who represent social and humanitarian movements. Resignation? No, thank you! Be inspired by humanitarian success stories. Program and Registration for This Year's Symposium Novartis receives 2005 Excellence in Corporate Philanthropy Award Honor recognizes outstanding executive commitment, dedication to measurement and innovation in corporate philanthropy

92. LEPRA - LEPROSY All Africa leprosy, Tuberculosis and Rehabilitation Training Centre ALERT WHO leprosy proper, or lepra tuberculosa, in contradistinction to other skin http://www.edae.gr/lepra.html

HELLENIC ASSOCIATION DERMATOLOGY - VENEREOLOGY LEPRA - LEPROSY RESOURCES 1999 London Marathon places "20 Questions about Leprosy" 2/5/96 INT/JAPAN A story of a leper in Japan and how he was treated in 1907. 4/96 NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH Bureau of Communicable Diseas... 7th WHO Expert Committee on leprosy MAJOR CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS-WHO A Biblical Curse The Bible often mentions a disease called leprosy. The words leprous or leprosy appear 54 times. It is from these accounts that the disease became linked to corruption of both spirit and body. The Book of Leviticus paints a chilling image of these ancient fears. A Brief History of Leprosy History of Leprosy and statistics of the current status information of the disease. A case-control study of the effectiveness of BCG vaccine for preventing leprosy in Yangon, Myanmar J. Bertolli, C. Pangi, R. Frerichs and ME. Halloran - International Journal of Epidemiology Volume 26: January - December 1997 Issue 4: August 1997. Oxford University Press A Delicacy to Some A Novartis Foundation for Sustainable Development Article on Leprosy ``An excellent web site containing information on what leprosy is, statistics, how it can be cured and a link to a FAQ (frequently asked questions) page.``

93. Kalaupapa National Historical Park A park on the island of Molokai in Hawaii, it serves as an ongoing reminder of the islands' struggle with Hansen's Disease (leprosy). http://www.arizonamemorial.org/kalaupapa.html

94. Leprosy (Hansen's Disease) Article describes leprosy, its symptoms, and treatment. http://rarediseases.about.com/cs/infectiousdisease/a/071203.htm

var zLb=12; var zIoa1 = new Array('Suggested Reading','Internet links on leprosy','http://rarediseases.about.com/cs/leprosy/index.htm','Molokai: Story of Father Damien','http://gohawaii.about.com/library/weekly/aa121100a.htm','The Return of Thalidomide','http://rarediseases.about.com/autoimmune/a/042603.htm'); var zIoa2 = new Array('Elsewhere on the Web','American Leprosy Missions','http://www.leprosy.org','World Health Org: Leprosy','http://www.who.int/lep/'); zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') zfs=0;zCMt='a70' About Rare / Orphan Diseases Rare Diseases E - H Rare Diseases: H Leprosy (Hansen's Disease) Rare Diseases Essentials Rare Diseases: Basic Information Rare Diseases Support Groups ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/6.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Rare / Orphan Diseases newsletter! See Online Courses Search Rare / Orphan Diseases Stay up to date! Compare Prices Email to a friend ... Print this page Suggested Reading Internet links on leprosy Molokai: Story of Father Damien The Return of Thalidomide Elsewhere on the Web American Leprosy Missions World Health Org: Leprosy Most Popular Muscular Dystrophy ALD and Lorenzo's Oil Progeria Syndromes Leprosy (Hansen's Disease) ... The Elephant Man What's Hot Muscular Dystrophy Autoimmune Kidney Disease Minamata Disease Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease ... Meckel-Gruber Syndrome adunitCM(150,100,'x55')

95. Once-dreaded Leprosy 'replaced' By Tuberculosis, Say Researchers What caused leprosy – a widely dreaded disease in medieval Europe – to fade from the scene? By the 16th century, the scourge had practically disappeared http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-08/thuo-ol080105.php

Public release date: 1-Aug-2005 E-mail Article Contact: Jerry Barach jerryb@savion.huji.ac.il The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Once-dreaded leprosy 'replaced' by tuberculosis, say researchers Jerusalem – What caused leprosy – a widely dreaded disease in medieval Europe – to fade from the scene? By the 16th century, the scourge had practically disappeared there. The reason seems to be, say researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and in London, that tuberculosis, a far more deadly disease, overtook leprosy, killing millions throughout Europe. Their conclusion is based upon the examination of DNA from human remains from the ancient and medieval periods in Israel and Europe. In these examinations, the scientists found traces of both leprosy and tuberculosis bacteria in 42 percent of the cases. The findings on the relationship between leprosy and tuberculosis were reported in a recent edition of the British Royal Society Proceedings B by Dr. Mark Spigelman, a visiting professor at the Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine and of the University College London; Prof. Charles Greenblatt of the Sanford F. Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases at the Hebrew University's Faculty of Medicine; and Dr. Helen Donoghue of University College London. The earliest case of co-infection of both leprosy and tuberculosis was found by the researchers in the DNA from a body discovered in a 1st century CE burial cave in Jerusalem. This prompted the investigators to re-examine DNA samples from other ancient sites that they and their colleagues had worked on previously. In doing so, they found leprosy and tuberculosis bacteria in remains from a 4th century CE Egyptian shrine that was known to have been visited by lepers, from a 10th century burial ground in Hungary, and from a Viking-age cemetery in northern Sweden.

96. Leprosy Genome Tells Story Of Human Migrations, French Researchers Report In Sci A French genetics study comparing strains of leprosycausing bacteria has revealed some surprises about how the pathogen evolved and how it was spread http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-05/aaft-lgt050605.php

Public release date: 12-May-2005 E-mail Article Contact: Jessica Lawrence-Hurt jlawrenc@aaas.org American Association for the Advancement of Science Leprosy genome tells story of human migrations, French researchers report in Science This news release is also available in French A French genetics study comparing strains of leprosy-causing bacteria has revealed some surprises about how the pathogen evolved and how it was spread across the continents by human migrations. The research, led by scientists at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, appears in the 13 May issue of the journal Science , published by AAAS, the nonprofit science society. The findings indicate that the world's existing leprosy infections are all caused by a single bacterial clone that has spread yet barely mutated for centuries. They also show that the disease may have begun in East Africa, as opposed to India as previously thought, and then spread to the other continents in part through European colonialism and later the slave trade. One of the oldest known human diseases, leprosy is still a significant problem in parts of the developing world, especially India. According to the World Health Organization, roughly 500,000 new cases were detected in 2003. (

97. Disabled Village Children - CHAPTER 26 (LEPROSY) What is leprosy? It is an infectious disease that develops very slowly. How do people get leprosy? It can spread only from some persons who have http://www.dinf.ne.jp/doc/english/global/david/dwe002/dwe00228.htm

Disabled Village Children A guide for community health workers, rehabilitation workers, and families PART 1 WORKING WITH THE CHILD AND FAMILY: Information on different Disabilities B. Recognizing, Helping with, and Preventing Common Disabilities CHAPTER 26 Leprosy Hansen's Disease What is leprosy? It is an infectious disease that develops very slowly. It is caused by germs (bacilli) that affect mostly the skin and nerves. It can cause a variety of skin problems, loss of feeling, and paralysis of the hands and feet: painless ulcers of the feet How do people get leprosy? It can spread only from some persons who have untreated leprosy, and only to other persons who have 'low resistance' to the disease. It is probably spread either through sneezing or coughing, or through skin contact. Most persons who come into contact with leprosy have a natural ability to resist it. Either they do not get it at all, or they get a small unnoticeable infection that soon goes away completely. From the time a person is first infected with leprosy germs, it often takes 3 or 4 years for the first signs of the disease to appear. Leprosy is not caused by evil spirits, by doing something bad, by eating certain foods, or by bathing in river water, as some people believe. It is not

98. LEPROSY leprosy. Chaulmoogra (Hydnocarpus anthelmintica). FLACOURTIACEAE, Flacourt Family. leprosy is a dreaded, insidious, loathsome disease that is caused by a http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/economicbotany/Hydnocarpus/

LEPROSY Chaulmoogra ( Hydnocarpus anthelmintica FLACOURTIACEAE, Flacourt Family Leprosy is a dreaded, insidious, loathsome disease that is caused by a bacterium, Mycobacterium leprae , which produces a skin and nerve disease that can, if unchecked, lead to permanent disfigurement. The bacterium, which was only discovered in 1874 by a Norwegian physician, Gerhard Hansen, closely resembles the tuberculosis bacillus. There are today about five million known cases of leprosy worldwide (may be over ten million), occurring mostly within the tropical and subtropical climates. If untreated, the disease progresses in the following ways: (1) lack of skin sensitivity to pain; (2) the skin takes on a porcelain-like whiteness; (3) the skin becomes mottled with color; (4) the eyebrows fall off, nasal ulcers develop, and there is facial deformity; and under severe conditions (5) extremities may fall off. Transmission of this disease is only by contact, so that victims are quickly isolated to avoid infection of others. Leprosy was considered an incurable disease 2500 years ago, when it appeared in the Nile Valley. There was an epidemic of leprosy in Europe from 1000 to 1200 A.D., which was probably started by the returning soldiers of the Crusades. Leprosy occurred in Britain from 625 to 1798, and at one time there were 326 lazar houses (leprosaria) in Great Britain. As housing conditions improved, leprosy declined sharply. Very few cases of leprosy are reported now in highly developed societies. About 100 leprosy cases are diagnosed each year in the United States, and most of these are imported with immigrants from Asia. One famous story about leprosy was written about by Robert Louis Stevenson

99. Official Leprosy Burial Site http://www.goregods.com/

100. Clinical Evidence Infectious Diseases Leprosy Interventions leprosy. Search date November 2003. Diana Lockwood Multidrug treatment for multibacillary leprosy *; Multidrug treatment for paucibacillary leprosy http://www.clinicalevidence.com/ceweb/conditions/ind/0915/0915.jsp

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