1. Division Of Parasitic Diseases - Leishmania Infection Reports Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Emerging Infectious Diseases. From Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/leishmania/default.htm

Alphabetical Listing Travel Leishmania Infection (Leishmaniasis Leishmaniasis Leishmaniasis Leishmaniasis Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Two Cases of Visceral Leishmaniasis in U.S. Military Personnel - Afghanistan, 2002 2004 (April 2, 2004 / 53(12);265-268) Update: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in U.S. Military Personnel - Southwest/Central Asia, 2002 2004 (April 2, 2004 / 53(12);264-265) Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in U.S. Military Personnel - Southwest/Central Asia, 2002 2003 (October 24, 2003 / 52(42);1009-1012) Global Disease Elimination and Eradication as Public Health Strategies (December 31, 1999 / Vol. 48 / Supplement) Unexplained Illness Among Persian Gulf War Veterans in an Air National Guard Unit: Preliminary Report August 1990-March 1995 (June 16, 1995 / 44(23);443-447) Viscerotropic Leishmaniasis in Persons Returning from Operation Desert Storm 1990 - 1991 (February 28, 1992 / 41(08);131-134) Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Ohio (August 23, 1985 / 34(33);515-6)

2. Moved — Yellow Book: Diseases: Leishmaniasis | CDC Travelers' Health Health information for international travel. From Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). http://www.cdc.gov/travel/diseases/leishmaniasis.htm

Home About CDC Press Room Funding ... Contact Us Search: Travelers' Health Travelers' Health Home Yellow Book The page "Leishmaniasis" has been moved. Please click here to go to the current page. Date: June 21, 2005 Content Source: National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine Destinations Vaccinations Diseases Yellow Book ... References and Resources Travelers' Health Automated Information Line PHONE: 877-FYI-TRIP toll free (Information about our fax service, ordering the Yellow Book and International Certificates of Vaccination, and voice messages about disease outbreaks) CDC to Streamline Voice/Fax Services (Released September 7) VIA EMAIL: Contact Us Form FAX: Toll Free (Any info available by fax is also posted on this site.) Home Policies and Regulations e-Government FOIA ... and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, U.S.A Tel: (404) 639-3311 / Public Inquiries: (404) 639-3534 / (800) 311-3435

3. V I S C E R A L __ L E I S H M A N I A S I S A description of the cellular changes is given, as well as a photograph gallery. http://www.geocities.com/donovanivl/

4. EMedicine - Leishmaniasis : Article By John Halpern, DO, FACEP leishmaniasis Protozoa of the Leishmania species cause leishmaniasis. Their life cycle involves an insect vector (ie, a different species of sandflies) http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic296.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Emergency Medicine Infectious Diseases Leishmaniasis Last Updated: September 25, 2001 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis, Leishmania tropica mexicana, Leishmania tropica, Leishmania major, Leishmania aethiopica, Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania donovani, Leishmania infantum, Leishmania chagasi AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: John Halpern, DO, FACEP , Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Family Medicine, Nova Southeastern University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Medical Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Coral Springs Medical Center Coauthor(s): N Ewen Wang, MD

5. Leishmaniasis. The UNICEF-UNDP-World Bank-WHO Special Programme For Research And Update, project reports, highlights, progress, publications, workplans and research grants, resources. From WHO/TDR (World Health Organization/Tropical http://www.who.int/tdr/diseases/leish/default.htm

TDR diseases Leishmaniasis Leishmania parasites are named after W.B. Leishman, who developed one of the earliest stains of Leishmania in 1901. Widespread in 22 countries in the New World and in 66 nations in the Old World, leishmaniasis is not found in South-east Asia. Human infections are found in 16 countries in Europe, including France, Italy, Greece, Malta, Spain and Portugal. Occurring in several forms, the disease is generally recognized for its cutaneous form which causes non-fatal, disfiguring lesions, although epidemics of the potentially fatal visceral form cause thousands of deaths. Pledge to Eliminate Kala-azar in the South-East Asia Region. Click here for more. TDRnews special feature: miltefosine Breakthrough new oral treatment for visceral leishmaniasis Disease information Life-cycle of Leishmania Strategic direction for leishmaniasis research ... Strategic emphases for leishmaniasis research Selected achievements over TDR's history Parasite genome New drugs brought to registration Disease Research Coordinator:

6. Leishmania Donovani Slides of L.donovani and L.mexicana. From Atlas of Medical Parasitology (Italy). http://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/lei1.htm

BLOOD, BONE MARROW, SPLEEN AND LIVER PARASITES ZOOMASTIGOPHOREA Order: Kinetoplastida VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS leis1-ic Leishmania sp.: life cycle. don2-ic Visceral leishmaniasis has a wide geographic distribution. North-Eastern China, India, Middle-East, Southern Europe (Mediterranean bassin), Northern Africa, Central-East Africa and, in foci, Central and South America (especially Brazil and Honduras). (Adapted and redrawn from: Lutte contre les leishmanioses. Rapport d'un Comité OMS d'experts. Série de Rapports techniques, n.793, 1990.) don2a-ic The infection is transmitted by various species of Phlebotomus, the sand fly. Phlebotomus spp Courtesy of Bayer, from Bayer Manual of Pest Control don3-ic Leishamnia spp wich affect humans can be differentiated by geographical distribution, clinical spectrum, immunological features, isoenzymes and Kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) characterization. Leishmania amastigotes, bone marrow aspirate, Giemsa stain).

7. Index Of /emc/diseases/leish Disease situation, disease control activity, more information about the disease, links. From Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response (CSR). http://www.who.int/emc/diseases/leish/

Index of /emc/diseases/leish Name Last modified Size Description ... Parent Directory 20-Jul-2005 10:41 - 13-Jul-2005 13:58 -

8. Canine Interferon-gamma As An Adjuvant In Immunisation Of Dogs With Leishmania C Immunization using interferongamma as an adjuvant. http://www.stw.nl/projecten/U/udg3703.html

Canine interferon-gamma as an adjuvant in immunisation of dogs with Leishmania crude antigens Titel van het onderzoek Canine interferon-gamma as an adjuvant in immunisation of dogs with Leishmania crude antigens (UDG.3703). Omschrijving van het onderzoek Protective immunity to several infectious agents, including Schistosoma mansoni, Toxoplasma gondii, Candida albicans, Mycobacterium leprae, measles virus and HIV has been shown to be mediated by Thl cells that secrete interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and other cytokines contributing to cell mediated effector mechanisms resulting in the elimination of the invading organism. In murine models the association between resistance to cutaneous leishmaniasis and the activation of Thl cells producing cytokines such as IFN-gamma, and IL(interleukin)-2 has been documented. In contrast, susceptibility to Leishmania infection is associated with activation of Th2 cells secreting IL-4 and IL-10 which results in failure to activate macrophages, leading to disease progression. We have recently proposed canine leishmaniasis as a more appropriate model for human leishmaniasis since, in contrast to mice, dogs can develop visceral leishmaniasis upon

9. MedlinePlus: Leishmaniasis leishmaniasis. Research; Component of Fly Saliva Makes Promising leishmaniasis Vaccine Information from the Medical Encyclopedia; leishmaniasis http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/leishmaniasis.html

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Other health topics: A B C D ... List of All Topics Leishmaniasis Contents of this page: Overviews Diagnosis/Symptoms Research Organizations ... Information from the Medical Encyclopedia Search MEDLINE/PubMed for recent research articles on Leishmaniasis You may also be interested in these MedlinePlus related pages: Parasitic Diseases Traveler's Health Infections Overviews Leishmania Infection (Leishmaniasis) (National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Parasitic Diseases) Leishmaniasis (Patient Education Institute) - Requires Flash Player Also available in: Spanish Leishmaniasis (World Health Organization) Diagnosis/Symptoms Diagnosis of Parasitic Diseases (National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Parasitic Diseases) Leishmaniasis Diagnostic Services (Dept. of Defense, Deployment Health Clinical Center) - Links to PDF Related Issues Leishmaniasis: Information for Service Members (Dept. of Defense, Deployment Health Clinical Center) - Links to PDF Clinical Trials ClinicalTrials.gov: Leishmaniasis

10. Leishmaniasis, Canine From Oklahoma State, Veterinary Parasitology 5333. http://www.cvm.okstate.edu/instruction/kocan/vpar5333/5333iig.htm

Leishmaniasis Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease of people and wild and domestic animals throughout temperate, subtropical and tropical regions of the world. Old World Leishmania donovani complex- Causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis in Africa, India, South America and Mediterranean countries. Transmitted by sand flies ( Phlebotomus spp Leishmania tropica complex Causative agent of cutanious leishmaniasis in Asia, west Africa and Mediterranean countries. Sandfly transmitted. New World Leishmania braziliensis complex. Parasites in this group produce cutanious lesions or mucocutanious lesions. I is most common in Central and South America with some reportings in U.S. There may be numerous wildlife reservoirs. The cutanious form of the disease, usually manifested by single ulcerated lesions on the ears is most common. Knowledge of leishmaniasis is important to the clinician since infections can cause clinical disease in dogs and cats and because these animals are reservoirs for the organism in some locations. In the Americas, parasites of the

11. Diagnosis Summary information plus clickable slides, references and world maps. From Christian de Duve Institute of Cellular Pathology. http://www.icp.ucl.ac.be/~opperd/parasites/leish1.htm

The Leishmaniases The leishmaniases is a group of diseases caused by protozoan haemoflagelates of the genus Leishmania. These protists belong to the family of the Trypanosomatidae (order Kinetoplastida) and are closely related to the trypanosomes. The disease is tranmitted by female sandflies ( Phlebotomus or Lutzomya ) that feed on the blood of an animal or human host. Leishmaniasis is a zoonosis . It affects mainly sylvatic animals such as rodents and opossums and domestic animals such as dogs. The disease is prevalent in most tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world, such as East and South-East Asia, the Middle Esat, North and East Africa, the south of Europe (the Mediterranian basin) and Central and South America. The disease occurs in three different manifestations depending on the region where it occurs and on the parasite: ( Click here for the World maps of leishmaniases, 22k The different manifestations of Leishmaniasis Type of leishmaniasis Species Visceral Leishmania donovani Cutaneous Oriental sore, (Bouton d'orient) L. tropica

12. DPDx - Leishmaniasis US government site includes causal agent, life cycle, geographic distribution, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis and features. http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Leishmaniasis.htm

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13. New Page 1 Information about the disease, including its status in Palestine. Includes research topics, links, protocols, publications and photos. http://www.alquds.edu/leishmania/

14. Case Report-Leishmaniasis Treatment (Israel). http://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/leis_cr.htm

CASE REPORT AND UPDATES IN PARASITOLOGY Leshcutan, a new available topical treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis By Joseph El-On and Louis Weinrauch, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel. Leishmaniasis designates a human disorder produced by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania The cutaneous form of the disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis, CL), is one of the most important causes of chronic ulcerative skin lesions. The disease occurs clinically as either acute CL, chronic CL, recurrent CL and diffuse CL. Photo 1a: Typical lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L.major Several species of Leishmania are involved, including L.major L.tropica and L. aethiopica on the Old World, and several species of the L.braziliensis and L.mexicana in the New World. The disease still presents a therapeutic problem in several parts of the world. Both, parenterally (sodium stibogluconate, antimoy-N-methyl-glutamine, pentasmidine and amphotericin-B) and orally (rifampicin, dapson, ketoconazole, itraconazole and allopurinol)

15. Medmicro Chapter 82 Information on Cutaneous, Mucocutaneous, and Visceral types. From University of Texas Medical Branch, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Microbiology, 'Hemoflagellates'. http://gsbs.utmb.edu/microbook/ch082.htm

Hemoflagellates Rodrigo A. Zeledón General Concepts American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease) Clinical Manifestations Symptoms of acute disease may include fever, local or general edema, lymphadenopathy, tachycardia, heart enlargement, and myocarditis. Heart alterations and, occasionally, megaesophagus or megacolon may appear as late sequelae. Structure Typical, small trypomastigotes are found in peripheral blood and intracellular amastigotes in tissues. Classification and Antigenic Types Strains of Trypanosoma cruzi are differentiated by isoenzyme patterns and DNA sequencing. No antigenic variation is observed. Multiplication and Life Cycle Intracellular amastigotes divide to form pseudocysts, which release nondividing trypomastigotes into the blood. Trypomastigotes ingested by a vector bug transform in the insect intestine into epimastigotes, which reproduce to form infective metacyclic trypomastigotes, which are expelled in feces and enter a new host through skin abrasions. Pathogenesis Inflammatory reactions around pseudocysts lead to myocarditis and destruction of parasympathetic ganglia (mainly of the heart and myenteric plexus). An autoimmune reaction may develop.

16. Vlhp From University of East London, B.Sc Microbiology course project. http://homepages.uel.ac.uk/D.P.Humber/akhter/vlhp.htm

Visceral Leishmaniasis These pages are created by Masoud Akhtar for submission in partial fulfilment of the final year B.Sc Microbiology course at the university of East London under the supervision of Dr. David Humber. Contents Introduction Geographical distribution and epidemiology Transmission Visceral leishmaniasis: The disease and sypmtoms ... References (c) Masoud Akhtar, University of East London, Romford Road, London, E15 4LZ. E-mail any comments to M. Akhtar: AKH4002M@UEL.AC. UK

17. Moved - Yellow Book Diseases Leishmaniasis CDC Travelers' Travelers' Health Home Yellow Book. The page "leishmaniasis" has been moved. Please click here to go to the current page. Date June 21, 2005 http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

18. Division Of Parasitic Diseases - Leishmania Infection Fact Sheet Leishmania Infection (leishmaniasis) http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

19. DPDx - Leishmaniasis Causal Agent leishmaniasis is a vectorborne disease that is transmitted by sandflies and caused by obligate intracellular protozoa of the http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

20. Leishmania Sp. (leishmaniasis) Leishmania spp. (leishmaniasis) Members of the genus Leishmania infect many A cutaneous leishmaniasis lesion on the arm. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

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