61. Obesity, Insulin Resistance, Diabetes, And Cardiovascular Risk In Children: An A An association between adiposity and insulin resistance has been reported in Obesity and insulin resistance have also been shown to be associated with http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/107/10/1448

This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted ... Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal ... Request Permissions PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Steinberger, J. Articles by Daniels, S. R. Related Collections Nutrition Obesity Type 2 diabetes Risk Factors ... Pediatric and congenital heart disease, including cardiovascular surgery Circulation. AHA Scientific Statement Obesity, Insulin Resistance, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Risk in Children An American Heart Association Scientific Statement From the Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in the Young Committee (Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young) and the Diabetes Committee (Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism) Julia Steinberger, MD Stephen R. Daniels, MD, PhD Key Words: Introduction Top Introduction Obesity and the Insulin... References Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the No. 1 killer in

62. SHS - Insulin Resistance & Diabetes And once you have insulin resistance, it’s more difficult to lose weight. So,obesity and insulin resistance is really a viscous cycleobesity contributes http://www.studenthealth.ucla.edu/handouts/insulin.htm

Insulin is a hormone that carries glucose (sugar) from your blood into your cells so that it can be burned for energy. The pancreas produces insulin. Insulin resistance is a state in which your cells are not responding to insulin appropriately, so the sugar in your blood cannot get into your cells. To compensate, your pancreas pumps out more insulin to try to get the sugar out of your blood and into your cells. The hyperinsulinimia (high blood insulin) that results is able to maintain normal blood sugar levels and delay the onset of diabetes. Diabetes is diagnosed when your fasting blood sugar level is >/= 126 mg/dL. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood and occurs when the pancreas stops producing insulin. Insulin injections are required for life. Type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed in adulthood. It occurs when the cells stop responding to insulin (often due to insulin resistance), and the pancreas is unable to keep compensating by producing more and more insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels. Is it bad to have high blood insulin levels?

63. Insulin Resistance - General Information, General information about insulin resistance often misspelled as resistence http://chinese-school.netfirms.com/diabetes-insulin-resistance.html

Corporate Services Other Services Private Instruction Invest in China ... Contact Us Content Diabetes Diabetes Information Diabetes Facts History of Diabetes ... Signs of Diabetes Also: Diabetes Sign Symptoms Type 2 Diabetes Symptoms Also: Type II Diabetes Symptoms Gestational Diabetes Symptoms Symptoms, Juvenile Diabetes Also: Diabetes Symptoms in Child Glucose (see also Blood Glucose Glucose Level Also: Blood Glucose Level Glucose Meter Also: Blood Glucose Meter Glucose Monitor Also: Blood Glucose Monitor Glucose Test Also: Glucose Tolerance Test Glucose Intolerance Diabetes Diet Diabetes Food ... Diabetes is the No. 6 leading causes of deaths in the United States, according to 2001 data from the United States National Center for Health Statistics. Insulin Resistance (General Information) What is Insulin? Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas. It helps the body utilize blood glucose (blood sugar) by binding with receptors on cells like a key would fit into a lock. Once the key insulin- has unlocked the door, the glucose can pass from the blood into the cell. Inside the cell, glucose is either used for energy or stored for future use in the form of glycogen in liver or muscle cells. What is insulin resistance?

64. Study Reveals Trigger For Insulin Resistance In Liver, Potential Drug Targets In the July issue of Cell Metabolism, researchers report the discovery of atrigger for insulin resistance in the liver. http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=27763

65. Insulin Resistance Associated With Increased Risk For Congestive Heart Failure New research indicates development of insulin resistance increases a person srisk for development of congestive heart failure, according to a study in the http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=27754

66. Impaired Glucose Tolerance News insulin resistance update from the 6th International Workshop on Adverse insulin resistance and Diabetes Update from the 5th Workshop on Adverse Drug http://www.hivandhepatitis.com/recent/metabolic/glucose/1.html

Glucose Metabolism / Insulin Resistance Treatment with Pioglitazone But Not with Fenofibrate Improves HAART-related Metabolic Syndrome Body Composition and Metabolic Changes in Treatment-naive HIV Patients Randomized to Didanosine and Stavudine vs. Abacavir and Lamivudine Insulin Resistance - update from the 6th International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions and Lipodystrophy in HIV ... 3rd International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions and Lipodystrophy in HIV Impaired Glucose Tolerance PI-Associated History Reported Incidence Insulin Resistance Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance ... Summary and Conclusions Impaired Glucose Tolerance PI-Associated History Reported Incidence Insulin Resistance Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance ... Drug Therapies

67. Insulin Resistance Project University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. http://www8.utsouthwestern.edu/utsw/cda/dept27717/files/148934.html

Advanced Search document.write(hashTable['Home'].parentMenu) Home Research Center for Human Nutrition Insulin Resistance Project Home About the Center Facilities Research ... CHN Newsletters The cellular action of insulin is initiated by its binding to the insulin receptor. This binding elicits a series of changes in signaling proteins within the cell that set off a cascade of metabolic actions. Insulin resistance can occur either because of a defect in insulin binding to its receptor or to "post-receptor" defects; with the latter, the spread of insulin-stimulated signals throughout the cell is deranged. The major site of glucose utilization is muscle, although other tissues use glucose. Insulin facilitates tissue uptake of glucose in all organs except the brain, which can use glucose without insulin. From the viewpoint of glucose metabolism, however, skeletal muscle accounts for most of insulin resistance. Nonetheless, insulin resistance can extend to other tissues, notably the liver, causing a generalized derangement of metabolism. The connection between insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome is not fully understood. Most patients with insulin resistance have the metabolic syndrome. However it does not necessarily follow that all persons with insulin resistance have the metabolic syndrome. Besides insulin resistance, other factors apparently are needed for the development of the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome. Among these genetic factors may predominate. In other words, genetic factors may elicit the components of the metabolic syndrome in the presence of insulin resistance: atherogenic dyslipidemia, hypertension, elevated plasma glucose, a prothrombotic state, and a proinflammatory state.

68. Antipsychotic Drugs Linked To Insulin Resistance In Children Researchers from the Johns Hopkins Children s Center say a group of drugs knownas atypical antipsychotics that are commonly used to treat children with http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/10/041021084911.htm

@import "/styles/navbar.css"; @import "/styles/tabStyles.css"; Set home page Bookmark site Add search Latest News ... Email to friend Text Size A A A Front Page ... Advertise With Us Source Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Date Print this page Email to friend Antipsychotic Drugs Linked To Insulin Resistance In Children Researchers from the Johns Hopkins Children's Center say a group of drugs known as "atypical antipsychotics" that are commonly used to treat children with aggression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia may trigger insulin resistance, a condition that increases the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes and heart disease later in life. Related News Stories Two Atypical Anti-psychotic Drugs May Be Associated With An Increased Risk Of Diabetes For Patients With Schizophrenia (January 5, 2005) Patients treated with the atypical anti-psychotic agents clozapine and olanzapine may be at an increased risk for insulin resistance, which is a major risk factor for diabetes mellitus, according to ... full story Insulin Resistance Can Predict Hypertension Development, Wake Forest Researchers Report (November 17, 2000) How effectively the body uses the insulin it produces is directly related to risk of developing high blood pressure, reported researchers from Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center at the ...

69. PCOSupport™ Living — Nutrition This page is an article on PCOS, and insulin resistance. The first step inunderstanding insulin resistance is to start with the definition of insulin http://www.pcosupport.org/living/nutrition/insulinre.php

Search Our Site Visit Our Partners: For information on website advertising, please contact the PCOSA's IT Department: it@pcosupport.org Help support the PCOSA become a member make a donation , or volunteer ~~ PCOSA Email Lists Have Relaunched! PCOLists are back up and running for the first time in over a year! Visit www.pcolist.org ~~ Read about the new book on PCOS. Click here. Medifocus Guidebook on PCOS. - Treatment Options and Latest Research. Living Nutrition Current Articles Curb Your Carbohydrate Cravings Insulin Resistance Thoughts on PCOS and Nutrition/Lifestyle Food Journal (to accompany this article) Tips for Working with a Nutritionist for PCOS Our Experts Brenda Bryan RD, LDN Carol Fenwick, RD, LDN Martha McKittrick, RD, CDE Linda Mitchell, RD, LD Insulin Resistance Brenda Bryan RD, LDN What is Insulin? The first step in understanding insulin resistance is to start with the definition of insulin and expand on its function. Insulin is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas, and is considered the major anabolic hormone of the body. It is a protein that contains 51 amino acids, and plays a vital role in the metabolism of nutrients. Insulin promotes both the storage of fuels and the utilization of fuels for growth Blood insulin levels rise rapidly after a high carbohydrate meal, the glucose that is absorbed into the blood causes rapid secretion of insulin. Insulin works to transport glucose into the cells. It causes rapid uptake, storage, and use of glucose by almost all tissues of the body, but especially by the muscles, adipose tissue, and liver. A number of factors other than the blood glucose concentration can modulate insulin release. The cells of the pancreas are innervated by the autonomic nervous system, including a branch of the vagus nerve, which helps to coordinate insulin release with the act of eating. However, signals from the central nervous system are not required for insulin secretion

70. Insulin Resistance Syndrome - Vitacost The insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) is a group of health risk factors thatincrease the likelihood of heart disease, and perhaps other disorders, http://www.vitacost.com/science/hn/Concern/Insulin_Resistance_Syndrome.htm

My account View cart / Checkout Help Since 1994 Over 1.5 Million Served! Email us Enter keyword or item number Products Health Library Clearance New Products Products Categories ... VitaBlog New! eNewsletter Archives Your Right to Privacy Customer Service Ordering Methods Shipping Information EZShip! 5 Star Guarantee ... Download Order Forms Still have questions? Talk to one of our friendly customer service representatives using Live Chat Science Health Notes Encyclopedia Product Reviews Age Related Macular Degeneration News News Room eNewsletter Archives Vitacost News Releases Additional Resources Physician's Reference Guide and Discount Program Special Discounts walkerdiet.com drkoop.com ... Join our affiliate program! Healthnotes Index: All Healthnotes Indexes Foodnotes Health Concerns Herbal Remedies Homeopathy Recipes Recipes by Course Recipes by Main Ingredient Recipes International Recipes Seasonal Safetychecker Skin Conditions Special Diets Special Recipes Vitamin Guide Weight Control Health Center Search Healthnotes: Insulin Resistance Syndrome Also indexed as: Metabolic Syndrome, Syndrome X

71. New Page 1 Health, educational and cultural information, referral and outreach services by,for and about American Indians. http://aihc1998.tripod.com/irs.html

setAdGroup('67.18.104.18'); var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Search: Lycos Tripod Murderball Share This Page Report Abuse Edit your Site ... Next Insulin Resistance Syndrome Insulin resistance syndrome is a term used to describe a combination of medical conditions that that have a common link abnormalities in how the body uses insulin leading to a compensatory increase in increased insulin secretion. The cluster of medical conditions that make up the insulin resistance syndrome places a person at risk of developing diabetes and atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). It is estimated that 70 to 80 million Americans have the combination of diseases caused by insulin resistance syndrome. Those diseases are: Obesity Type 2 Diabetes High Blood Pressure Abnormal cholesterol levels Heart Disease Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome What Is Insulin Resistance? Normally, food is absorbed into the bloodstream in the form of sugars such as glucose and fats and other basic substances. The increase in glucose in the bloodstream signals the pancreas (an organ located behind the stomach) to increase the secretion of a hormone called insulin. This hormone attaches to cells and allows the glucose to enter, removing it from the bloodstream, where it is used for energy. In insulin resistance, the body's cells have a diminished ability to respond to the action of the insulin hormone. To compensate for the resistance, the pancreas secretes more insulin.

72. JAMA -- Abstract: Insulin Resistance And Risk Of Congestive Heart Failure, July heart failure (CHF) and are both associated with insulin resistance. Objective Toexplore if insulin resistance may predict CHF and may provide the link http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/294/3/334

Select Journal or Resource JAMA Archives of Dermatology Facial Plastic Surgery Family Medicine (1992-2000) General Psychiatry Internal Medicine Neurology Ophthalmology Surgery Student JAMA (1998-2004) JAMA CareerNet For The Media Meetings Peer Review Congress Vol. 294 No. 3, July 20, 2005 Featured Link E-mail Alerts Original Contribution Article Options Full text PDF Send to a Friend Related articles in this issue ... Similar articles in this journal Literature Track Add to File Drawer Download to Citation Manager PubMed citation Articles in PubMed by Ingelsson E Lind L Articles that cite this article Contact me when this article is cited Topic Collections Obesity Diabetes Mellitus Congestive Heart Failure/ Cardiomyopathy Topic Collection Alerts Insulin Resistance and Risk of Congestive Heart Failure Erik Ingelsson, MD Lars Lind, MD, PhD JAMA. Diabetes and obesity are established risk factors for congestive heart failure (CHF) and are both associated with insulin resistance. To explore if insulin resistance may predict CHF and may provide the link between obesity and CHF.

73. BioMed Central | Full Text | Insulin Resistance In Adolescents With Down Syndrom The aim of this study was to evaluate the insulin resistance (IR) using the insulin resistance may present without any clinical manifestation, often, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6823/5/6

home journals A-Z subject areas advanced search ... Volume 5 Viewing options Abstract Full text PDF Associated material: Pre-publication history PubMed record Related literature: Articles citing this article on Google Scholar Other articles by authors Fonseca CT ... Similar articles (PubMed) Tools: E-mail to a friend Download references Post a comment Key E-mail Corresponding author Contributed equally Research article Insulin resistance in adolescents with Down syndrome: a cross-sectional study Cristina T Fonseca Daniela M Amaral Izabel CR Beserra and BMC Endocrine Disorders The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6823/5/6 Received Accepted Published This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Outline Abstract Abstract Background Methods Results ... Pre-publication history Background The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is higher in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) than in the general population; it may be due to the high prevalence of obesity presented by many of them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the insulin resistance (IR) using the HOMA (

74. BioMed Central | Full Text | Insulin Resistance And The Endothelium To obtain access to Current Diabetes Reports through your institution use theoptions below. If you would like information about a personal subscription, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1534-4827/5/246

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75. Insulin Resistance: The Hidden Disease You May Already Have Doctors call this peculiar condition insulin resistance or, with a bit more insulin resistance is the chief characteristic of adultonset diabetes, http://www.thenutritionreporter.com/insulin_resistance.html

Insulin Resistance: The Hidden Disease You May Already Have By Jack Challem You may already be suffering from one of the most common - and often overlooked - diseases to strike Americans. It's not a deadly new virus. Not cancer. Nor heart disease. It's a disease, surprisingly enough, caused by your body's inability to make the most of the food you eat. And as many as one in three people suffer from it. Doctors call this peculiar condition insulin resistance or, with a bit more mystique, Syndrome X. If the name doesn't ring a bell, the symptoms might: Feeling tired after you eat, and at other times when you shouldn't. Gaining a pound here and a pound there - and having difficulty losing them. Seeing your blood pressure creep up year and after year. And finding that your cholesterol does the same. Insulin resistance is the chief characteristic of adult-onset diabetes, which affects an estimated 15 million Americans. It also sets the stage for obesity and coronary heart disease - even if you're not diabetic. What can you do about it? The simple prescription is to eat right, take your vitamins and minerals, and exercise, because each reduces insulin resistance.

76. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, Beta Cells, Insulin Resistance, Insulin, Glucagon, What is insulin resistance, how does it come about, and how is it related todiabetes, and syndrome X, or the metablic syndrome. http://academic.sun.ac.za/medphys/insulinresistance.htm

Insulin Resistance by: Johan H Koeslag Medical Physiology University of Stellenbosch PO Box 19063 Tygerberg, 7505. South Africa document.write(EPos('galseokj','Mail me','')) and: Peter T Saunders Department of Mathematics Kings College, Strand LONDON WC2R 2LS, (UK) document.write(EPos('srednuas.retep','Mail me','ku.ca.lck')) WHAT IS UNDERSTOOD BY "INSULIN RESISTANCE"? "Insulin-resistance" is the hallmark of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, as well as of the "Metabolic Syndrome" which is considered to be the "pre-diabetic" form of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. In Metabolic Syndrome the blood sugar level is normal, but the insulin level keeping it there is higher than normal. It becomes Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus when the early morning (pre-breakfast) blood sugar level is higher than normal, and sugar starts to appear in the urine at various times during the day, particularly after meals. In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus the patient can still secrete insulin into the blood, but that insulin does not seem to be as effective as it is in normal people. Insulin-resistance is defined as any condition in which the plasma insulin concentration is higher than the blood sugar level suggests it should be. It is therefore, not unreasonably, interpreted to mean that insulin is not as effective at lowering the blood sugar level as it should be, i.e. there is "resistance" to its action. The nature of this "resistance" is a major unsolved problem in medicine and physiology.

77. Voice Of The Diabetic What is insulin resistance? What do we know about it? How can we change it?insulin resistance is a serious condition, closely correlating with obesity, http://www.nfb.org/vod/vodsum0103.htm

Back Next Table of Contents Home INSULIN RESISTANCE EXPLORED by Peter J. Nebergall, Ph.D. Photo: portrait. Caption: Peter J. Nebergall, Ph.D. Diabetes Mellitus is not one, but two different conditions, that share the symptom of elevated blood sugars. Type 1 diabetes arises from insulin deficiency, from the absence of the hormone, and thus type 1 diabetics need to inject insulin, to preserve life. Type 2 diabetes arises from a body's inability to correctly and completely use the insulin it is producing, and we call that initial condition insulin resistance. What is "insulin resistance?" What do we know about it? How can we change it? Insulin resistance is a serious condition, closely correlating with obesity, heart disease, and high blood pressure. We do not know the exact mechanism of insulin resistance, only that it is a measurable lessening in the body's ability to metabolize glucose, even though an otherwise adequate supply of insulin may be present. We don't know what the root cause is, but we suspect it is genetic (which would explain why type 2 diabetes so much seems to run in families). Although there is close correlation between obesity and insulin resistance, it is not simple "cause and effect." Being overweight does not cause insulin resistance even though losing weight does indeed reduce insulin resistance. There are many overweight people who are not insulin-resistant, and these folks may never develop type 2 diabetes.

78. MRC - HNR: Research: Obesity & CVD: Insulin Resistance insulin resistance chart. So far at HNR, we have concentrated on the measurementof insulin sensitivity with the aim of providing methodologies suitable for http://www.mrc-hnr.cam.ac.uk/research/obesity/insulin_resist.html

Home Site Map Search Downloads ... Contact Us Research Bone Health Cell Biology Life-course Nutrition Macronutrients ... Type 2 Diabetes Insulin Resistance Measurement Inflammation Energy Expenditure and Physical Activity Body Composition Energy Intake INSULIN RESISTANCE Related Links... Mass Spectrometry It is becoming evident that long-term diet and exercise interventions can prevent the migration from insulin resistance to type 2 diabetes and similar interventions primarily targeting obesity are likely to be beneficial. Intervention studies at HNR invariably incorporate insulin sensitivity and secretion measurements. Adequate measurements of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion are essential to understand the aetiology of type 2 diabetes. Normally, when insulin sensitivity falls, insulin secretion increases to maintain glucose homeostasis. In people with 'impaired glucose tolerance' the regulation is less efficient because insulin secretion does not increase sufficiently to compensate for reduced sensitivity. In people with type 2 diabetes, the regulation is so poor that normal plasma glucose levels are never achieved and an effective nutritional intervention is needed to restore the relationship between sensitivity and secretion. It is important, therefore, to identify changes in each response variables and their interactions as precisely as possible. So far at HNR, we have concentrated on the measurement of insulin sensitivity with the aim of providing methodologies suitable for application in normal volunteers participating in dietary intervention studies. Most studies of this type have either only included approximate or indirect measurements, or when more specific measurements (clamp studies) have been applied, relatively few numbers of subjects have been used. The consequence of this has been that study outcomes with regard to the effectiveness of a treatment are not often sufficiently clear-cut to reject the null hypothesis that the treatment under test has no effect. Isotope techniques provide the key to improvement.

79. Study Reveals Trigger For Insulin Resistance In Liver, Potential Drug Targets In the July issue of Cell Metabolism, researchers report the discovery of atrigger for insulin resistance in the liver. Hepatic insulin resistance is a http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-07/cp-srt071205.php

Public release date: 19-Jul-2005 E-mail Article Contact: Heidi Hardman hhardman@cell.com Cell Press Study reveals trigger for insulin resistance in liver, potential drug targets In the July issue of Cell Metabolism, researchers report the discovery of a trigger for insulin resistance in the liver. Hepatic insulin resistance is a silent condition that increases the chances of developing diabetes and heart disease. The team's findings also identify a potential target for drugs to prevent or treat the condition, the researchers said. The livers of mice lacking an enzyme called mitochondrial acyl-CoA:glycerol-sn-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1 (mtGPAT1) remain sensitive to insulin's effects when fed a high-fat diet. The mice also exhibit lower concentrations of a lipid metabolite that might play a key role in triggering the liver to become insulin resistant, the researchers found. Along with the existing epidemic of obesity, fatty liver, also known as hepatic steatosis, is rapidly becoming a major health care problem, said Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Gerald Shulman of Yale University, senior author of the study. Fatty liver can lead to altered liver function, elevated lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides in the bloodstream, and progression to liver cirrhosis, he said. Characterized by scarring, cirrhosis of the liver is the twelfth leading cause of death by disease, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Furthermore, Shulman added, recent studies have demonstrated an important role of hepatic steatosis in causing insulin resistance in the liver, resulting in increased liver production of glucose, and high blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes.

80. Study Identifies Fat-secreted Protein Linked To Insulin Resistance A study led by researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) hasshown that a protein found in fat cells is a newly discovered cause of http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-07/bidm-sif071805.php

Public release date: 20-Jul-2005 E-mail Article Contact: Bonnie Prescott bprescot@bidmc.harvard.edu Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Study identifies fat-secreted protein linked to insulin resistance Findings show new link between obesity and type 2 diabetes BOSTON A study led by researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) has shown that a protein found in fat cells is a newly discovered cause of insulin resistance, establishing a previously unidentified molecular link between obesity and type 2 diabetes and offering a potential new target for the development of drugs to treat diabetes. The findings appear in the July 21, 2005, issue of the journal Nature. According to senior author Barbara B. Kahn, MD, Chief of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism at BIDMC, these findings in both mice and humans represent the first evidence that elevated levels of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) play a key role in the development of insulin resistance, a primary risk factor for diabetes. "Being resistant to insulin is one of the major causes of diabetes," says Kahn, who is also a Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School. "And even in the absence of diabetes, insulin resistance is a major risk factor for heart disease and early mortality."

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