61. USCGAux, 8WR, Division 5, Flotilla 6: Hypothermia USCGAux Beaver Lake Flotilla, hypothermia. hypothermia is one of the greatest dangers when you go out on the water. It is usually thought of a http://users.mo-net.com/flotilla6/Hypothermia.htm

Home Arkansas Boating Laws Beaver Lake Boating Safety Tips ... Zebra Mussel Alert Hypothermia is a serious life-threatening condition. It happens when the body's core (internal) temperature drops below the point where normal body functions occur. It's not frostbite and it's not "freezing to death". Hypothermia is one of the greatest dangers when you go out on the water. It is usually thought of a cold-weather or cold-water condition; but it can occur at temperatures well above freezing, even in waters as warm as 80° . Whenever you go boating or swimming, you need to understand and look for the signs of hypothermia. Early signs of Hypothermia: Hypothermia happens when the body loses heat faster than it can replenish it. One of the first signs that your body is losing heat is shivering and "goosebumps". As your body temperature falls, the shivering slows, then stops. This is your body starting to shut down. It takes too much energy, and expends too much heat, to shiver. The flow of blood to your arms and legs slows, then stops. As you go into the deeper stages of hypothermia, your speech becomes slurred, then incoherent. Eventually, you become lethargic and your motions are uncoordinated. Your breathing slows, becomes shallow and erratic. You lose consciousness, then die. How to protect yourself from Hypothermia: Avoid situations that promote the loss of body heat. Keep dry and stay out of the wind. If you fall overboard, get out of the water as quickly as possible.

62. Hypothermia Providing thorough information on hypothermia as well as treatment in the wilderness. Provided by Survive Outdoors Inc. http://www.surviveoutdoors.com/reference/hypothermia.asp

POPULAR TOPICS Spiders Spider Bites Brown Recluse Black Widow ... Lyme Disease TOPIC CATEGORIES RETURN HOME REFERENCE TOPICS TRAUMA PICTURES ABOUT US ... SHOPPING Hypothermia Common signs and symptoms of depressed body temperature including the following: Stumbling or wide gait Slurred speech Shivering Faraway gaze Hypothermia is suspected when you see an exhausted individual who is cold, wet, with a depressed body temperature. Predisposing conditions Skiing Hiking Trauma Stalled cars during winter months Alcohol/drugs can definitely incapacitate an individual, thereby contributing to a hypothermic occurrence. Drugs and alcohol also suppress shivering, which is very important. Shivering acts as a heat generator for the body Immersion or becoming wet can exacerbate a situation Being very young or old is a contributing factor Nutritional deprivation Sugar depletion from the body will exacerbate hypothermia Endocrine diseases, diabetes for example, can predispose an individual to become hypothermic more quickly

63. Another Look At Hypothermia Cold hands, feet, or skin does not mean you have hypothermia. hypothermia from water imersion is sometimes called immersion hypothermia. http://scuba-doc.com/coldjolie.html

MANY ARE COLD BUT FEW ARE FROZEN: ANOTHER LOOK AT HYPOTHERMIA BY DR. JOLIE BOOKSPAN c JOLIE BOOKSPAN Introduction The topic of human response to cold water presents many questions. Does body fat matter? Does surface area to mass ratio matter? Is cold adaptation limited to commercial divers of the Orient? Will pouring warm water in your suit help or hurt? Why are women not at greater risk of hypothermia than men? Why are men's hands and feet often warmer in winter than women's and what does that have to do with penguins? My interest in cold was 'sparked' as a small child as I sat in the snow watching my grandfather, the oldest member of the Brooklyn Icebergs, walk barefoot across the ice on Coney Island beach to go swimming as he did every day. Later I became a long distance competition swimmer racing in cold lakes and rivers. Still later I did two Army tours overseas stationed in mountains so cold you could frostbite your thighs just trying to go to the bathroom. Today, as a researcher in thermoregulation and immersion, I have the luxury of studying cold water immersion 23 hours a day and still have time to call out for pizza. My occupational perspective follows in hopes of clearing up harmless, yet common misconceptions. DOES THE DIVE REFLEX PROTECT?

64. MFAAA Emergency Preparedness Hypothermia Effects of cool temperatures on the elderly. Even normal room tmperatures can be serious. http://www.mfaaa.org/help/emergency/prepare/cold.html

65. Preventing Frostbite And Hypothermia - NSC Prolonged exposure to low temperatures, wind or moisture—whether it be on a ski slope or in a stranded car—can result in coldrelated illnesses such as http://www.nsc.org/library/facts/frstbit.htm

@import url(../../styles.css); Resources Fact Sheets Preventing Frostbite and Hypothermia How to detect and treat cold-related illnesses Frostbite Deep frostbite usually affects the feet or hands and is characterized by waxy, pale, solid skin. Blisters may appear. Treat deep frostbite by moving the victim indoors and immediately seek medical attention. Hypothermia occurs when the body's temperature drops below 95 degrees Fahrenheit. Symptoms of this condition include change in mental status, uncontrollable shivering, cool abdomen and a low core body temperature. Severe hypothermia may produce rigid muscles, dark and puffy skin, irregular heart and respiratory rates, and unconsciousness. Treat hypothermia by protecting the victim from further heat loss and calling for immediate medical attention. Get the victim out of the cold. Add insulation such as blankets, pillows, towels or newspapers beneath and around the victim. Be sure to cover the victim's head. Replace wet clothing with dry clothing. Handle the victim gently because rough handling can cause cardiac arrest. Keep the victim in a horizontal (flat) position. Give artificial respiration or CPR (if you are trained) as necessary. How to prevent cold-related illnesses Avoid frostbite and hypothermia when you are exposed to cold temperatures by wearing layered clothing, eating a well-balanced diet, and drinking warm, non-alcoholic, caffeine-free liquids to maintain fluid levels.

66. A Hypothermia Treatment Technology Web-Site hypothermia treatment should start in the field by rewarming victims with equipment supplying warm humidified air or oxygen and warm IVfluids to minimize core-temperature afterdrop. http://hypothermia-ca.com/

A Hypothermia Treatment Technology Web Site. EMAIL US Equipment Links RES-Q-AIR IV WARMER ELECTRONIC STETHOSCOPE MC 2000 ... POWER SUPPLY Hypothermia Protocols Alaskan Protocol Jama Hypothermia Treatment Treating Hypothermia Scenario's Field Chart Hospital Chart Airway Rewarming Airway Treatment Testimonials Testimonial 1 Mayday Shorelines Other pages Links Page Home Page EMAIL US SAMPLE CLIENT LIST CANADIAN COAST GUARD PARKS CANADA ROYAL AIR FORCE UNITED KINGDOM SEARCH, CAVE AND CREVASSE RESCUE GROUPS IN NORTH AMERICA U.S. NAVY SPECIAL WARFARE DEPARTMENT U.S. MARINE WARFARE TRAINING CENTER, U.S. NAVY SEALS, U.S. AIR FORCE BASE, MALSTROM

67. Minnesota Sea Grant - Outreach - Tourism - Survival In Cold Water: Hypothermia P Water this cold always presents the danger of hypothermia. hypothermia Prevention Methods and Equipment Increase Survival Time http://www.seagrant.umn.edu/tourism/hypothermia.html

survival in cold water: hypothermia prevention by Chad P. Dawson Hypothermia is a risk for anyone who enjoys activities like boating, fishing, swimming, hiking, or skiing. It can occur quickly and it can be fatal. Hypothermia occurs when the body's core temperature falls below its normal level of 98.6 F to 95 F or cooler. It is the opposite of fever, when the body's temperature is above normal. Hypothermia is dangerous because it affects the body's core - the brain, heart, lungs, and other vital organs. Even a mild case of hypothermia affects your physical and mental abilities, and increases the risk of accidents. Severe hypothermia causes loss of consciousness and may result in death. Cold water is especially dangerous because loss of body heat occurs 25 times faster in cold water than in cold air. How quickly you become hypothermic depends on many factors, including your personality and behavior, environmental factors, how you are dressed, and your physical condition. Everyone reacts differently to the cold, even under the same conditions. Generally, children lose body heat more quickly than adults. Thin people lose body heat faster than overweight people. The expected survival times in Table 1 are guidelines for the average adult, showing the rapid onset of hypothermia as water temperatures drop.

68. Vet@dog - First Aid - Frostbite & Hypothermia With significant hypothermia, a dog becomes physically and mentally sluggish. With severe hypothermia, he may be unconscious. The first thing to do when a http://www.dog.com/vet/firstaid/03.html

Dr. Lucy L. Pinkston, D.V.M. in this series: First Aid Outdoors - Eye injuries Life-threatening traumatic injuries dog.com vet@dog Your portable "Cold Weather Kit" should include the following first aid items: Absorbent towels for drying the dog if wet. "Space Blanket" or other heat-reflective blanket. Thick sport-weight socks (children's sizes to fit dog's paws), 2 pair: to cover the paws in case of frostbite or other foot injury, plus tape to keep them on. If your dog has short hair or is not used to the cold weather, take along a fitted dog-jacket, in case he gets colder than you expect. Frostbite The preliminary signs of frostbite in dogs are easily missed because the areas that are affected are usually covered with hair. The areas of the body most frequently involved are the ear tips, tail, scrotum, and other exposed extremities. When frozen or near-frozen, the skin appears very pale. As the skin warms, it becomes somewhat reddened and the area becomes painful. Eventually, the skin becomes scaly. If blood circulation has been severely affected, the tips or edges of the skin may actually die and slough off. First aid in early stages of frostbite involve warming the area gently with warm water. Do not massage the area, as this may cause release of dead tissue toxins into the blood stream or further damage already impaired tissue. Apply a protective vaseline-based ointment and cover the area, if possible. Severe cases of frostbite may necessitate amputation of affected tissue. Seek veterinary attention as soon as possible.

69. RES-Q Products Inc. - Protocols & Publications Index of articles relating to recognition, prevention and treatment of hypothermia. http://www.islandnet.com/sarbc/resqair/public1.html

Alaska Protocols/Guidelines SARBC Treating Hypothermia - a Life-saving Skill Hypothermia - Rescue Response A Survey on Inhalation Rewarming Rescue ... Testimony Graphics Warning Signs of Hypothermia Heat Loss - Losing it 5 ways Treatment in the Field/Hospital H.E.L.P. and Huddle - Cold Water Survival ... More articles and information about Hypothermia Including excellent papers by researchers Hayward and Weinberg For more information, e-mail: RES-Q Products Inc. Back to Home Page P.O. Box 661 Quathiaski Cove, BC Canada V0P 1N0 250-285-2890 (voice) or 250-285-2898 (fax) E-mail: Robert Douwens Last Updated: Sunday, 08-Aug-2004 08:06:11 PDT

70. Hypothermia 995.89 Anesthetic hypothermia 778.2778.3 Newborn 780.9 hypothermia not associated with low environmental temperature SEE ALSO. Frostbite Near drowning http://www.5mcc.com/Assets/SUMMARY/TP0467.html

Hypothermia DESCRIPTION: System(s) affected: Endocrine/Metabolic, Cardiovascular, Nervous, Skin/Exocrine Genetics: N/A Incidence/Prevalence in USA: Estimates vary widely due to lack of pathological evidence, and that hypothermia is usually considered a secondary cause in diagnosing disorders Predominant age: Very young and the elderly Predominant sex: CAUSES: Decreased heat production Increased heat loss Impaired thermoregulation Synonyms: Accidental hypothermia ICD-9-CM: 991.6 Accidental hypothermia 995.89 Anesthetic hypothermia 778.2-778.3 Newborn 780.9 Hypothermia not associated with low environmental temperature SEE ALSO: Frostbite Near drowning REFERENCES: Weinberg AD. Hypothermia. Annual of Emergency Medicine 1993; 22(part 2):370-377 Danzl DT, Pozos R. Accidental hypothermia. New Engl J Med 1994;331:1756-1760 Hanania NA, Zimmerman JL. Accidental hypothermia. Crit Care Clin 1999;15(2):235-49 Web references: Author(s): Scott T. Henderson, MD

71. NOLS Wilderness First Aid: Cold Injuries An excerpt from the book, NOLS Wilderness First Aid. Includes the physiology of temperature regulation, prevention and treatment of cold injuries (hypothermia, frostbite, immersion foot). http://www.nols.edu/Publications/FirstAid/coldinjury.shtml

Cold Injuries An excerpt from NOLS Wilderness First Aid Chapter 9 Introduction The Physiology of Temperature Regulation Hypothermia Frostbite ... Order Introduction His ordeal was not over yet. The hypothermia caused his heart to stop, and only after three hours of rewarming and CPR did he begin to recover. His story was presented by the media as one of "miraculous" survival. He was lucky, and he knows it. Today, this man is a strong advocate of prevention. Knowledge of causes, assessment and treatment of cold injuries is an essential component of wilderness medicine. Hypothermia is usually associated with cold climates, but hypothermia can set in even in warm climates, as it has on NOLS sea kayaking courses in Mexico. If you spend enough time outdoors, you will almost certainly gain firsthand experience with cold injuries such as hypothermia, frostbite and immersion foot. Top Introduction Hypothermia Frostbite ... Order The Physiology of Temperature Regulation Humans are warm-blooded animals who maintain a relatively constant internal temperature regardless of the environmental temperature. We do this by producing heat internally by metabolizing food and by adjusting the amount of heat we lose to the environment. Human beings are designed to live in tropical climates, so our heat loss mechanisms are highly developed. Our insulation mechanisms, however, are less efficient. To adapt structurally to cold, our bodies would have to grow thick insulating hair all over and develop greater reserves of fat. Rather than remaining angular and cylindrical, which promotes heat loss, our body shape would become rounder and shorter to prevent heat loss. This would especially affect our ability to tolerate lower body temperatures and near-freezing temperatures in our fingers and toes.

72. ► Hypothermia A medical encycopedia article on the topic hypothermia. http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/000038.htm

var MenuLinkedBy='AllWebMenus [2]', awmBN='530'; awmAltUrl=''; Disease Nutrition Surgery Symptoms Injury Poison Tests Special Topics A ... P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Home Medical Reference Encyclopedia (English) Toggle English Spanish Hypothermia Overview Symptoms Treatment Prevention Definition: An abnormal and dangerous condition in which the temperature of the body is below 95 degrees Fahrenheit (35 degrees Centigrade). Alternative Names: Low body temperature; Cold exposure Considerations: The people most likely to experience hypothermia are: Those who are very old, very young, or chronically ill. Those who have heart or circulation problems. Those who are malnourished, overly tired, or under the influence of alcohol or other drugs. Causes: Hypothermia usually is caused by extended exposure to cold. Hypothermia results when more heat is lost than the body can generate. Common causes include: Falling overboard from a boat into cold water. Being outside without enough covering in winter. Wearing wet clothing for an extended period of time in windy or very cold weather. Heavy exertion, or poor fluid or food intake in cold weather, even in above-freezing temperatures.

73. Hypothermia hypothermia results from an abnormally low body temperature, which causes Severe hypothermia can cause an irregular heartbeat, which can lead to heart http://www.umm.edu/altmed/ConsConditions/Hypothermiacc.html

var MenuLinkedBy='AllWebMenus [2]', awmBN='530'; awmAltUrl=''; Maryland Medical Center Programs Complementary Medicine Program Home Medical Reference Alternative / Complementary Medicine ... Conditions Hypothermia Signs and Symptoms What Causes It? Who's Most At Risk? What to Expect at Your Provider's Office ... Supporting Research Hypothermia results from an abnormally low body temperature, which causes the circulatory, respiratory, and nervous systems to slow down. Body temperature is a balance between how much heat is produced and how much heat is lost, with the brain acting as the thermostat. Severe hypothermia can cause an irregular heartbeat, which can lead to heart failure and possibly death. Over 700 deaths occur annually from hypothermia in the United States. Signs and Symptoms The following signs and symptoms accompany hypothermia: Skin that is cold to the touch Absence of shivering Lethargy, drowsiness Weakness, clumsiness Irritability, combativeness Confusion, delirium, hallucinations Slow reflexes Seizure, stupor, or coma

74. Welcome To NHS Direct Online hypothermia occurs in cold environments when the normal body temperature of It is when body energy is exhausted that hypothermia becomes potentially http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/en.asp?TopicID=648

75. Go Ask Alice!: Hypothermia Alice, What are the symptoms of hypothermia or is it hyperthermia? —Temperature change. http://www.goaskalice.columbia.edu/0520.html

Mac users: please note that our site is optimized for the Safari browser Colds, aches, pains, and other ailments Hypothermia Originally Published: January 27, 1995 Alice, What are the symptoms of hypothermia or is it hyperthermia? Dear Temperature change, It could be hypo OR hyperthermia. Hypothermia is a fall in body temperature to below 95 degrees F, and hyperthermia is a rapid rise in body temperature to a dangerously high level brought on by general anesthesia. Hyperthermia is extremely rare, occurring in about in 50,000 operations, so Alice will continue writing about hypothermia in this answer. Hypothermia causes drowsiness, lowers breathing and heart rates, and can lead to unconsciousness or death. It is caused by prolonged exposure to extremely cold weather, swimming in the sea, or wearing damp clothing in cold conditions. Many cases also occur in elderly people living in poorly heated homes, or as in New York City, the homeless in the winter. Certain drugs may also contribute to the onset of hypothermia, for instance, tranquilizers may lower the level of consciousness and reduce the body's ability to shiver (a protective function against the cold). A person suffering from hypothermia is usually pale, puffy-faced, and listless. Their heart rate is slow and the victim is often drowsy and confused. Areas of the body that are normally warm (such as the armpits and the groin) are cold. In severe hypothermia, breathing becomes slow and shallow, the muscles are often stiff, the victim may become unconscious, and the heart may beat only faintly and irregularly. Hypothermia is a medical emergency, and anyone suspected of suffering from it requires immediate medical attention. Mild hypothermia, on the other hand, usually responds to giving the victim warm beverages and covering the head (from which as much as 20 percent of the body's heat loss takes place).

76. Hypothermia, Hypothermia And Hyperthermia, THE MERCK MANUAL OF HEALTH & AGING hypothermia is a decrease in body temperature to 94° F or lower. Initial symptoms of hypothermia come on slowly and without fanfare; thus hypothermia http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual_ha/sec3/ch19/ch19b.html

var locationOverride = "http://www.merck.com/pubs/"; Committed to Providing Medical Information Table of Contents Enlarge Text Reset Text ... Buy the Book SECTION 3 Medical Conditions CHAPTER 19 Hypothermia and Hyperthermia TOPICS Introduction ~ Hypothermia ~ Hyperthermia Hypothermia Causes For additional detail on this topic, see The Body's Response to Cold Temperatures. Symptoms Movements become slow and clumsy, and the person becomes stiff or even rigid. Speech is thick and slow, and balance worsens. The person may stumble or fall. Some people appear to be intoxicated or to be experiencing a stroke. Thinking becomes less clear, and judgment is usually impaired. Rather than seeking a source of heat, some people actually remove their clothing. Other changes may become apparent. The heartbeat slows down and may become irregular. Breathing also slows down. Diagnosis Once a doctor has determined that a person has hypothermia, an electrocardiogram may be performed to determine how much the cold temperature has affected the heart, and routine blood tests indicate whether other organs have been affected. Prevention Hypothermia is almost always preventable. Older people are advised to take the following precautions to prevent hypothermia:

77. Hypothermia - Science Of The Cold The beginnings of hypothermia are notoriously difficult for the victim to spot Children in particular survive the effects of hypothermia particularly http://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica fact file/science/cold_hypothermia.htm

Antarctica Photography Pictures Antarctica Cruise Facts ... Site Map Hypothermia Science of the Cold Fact File: - Antarctica Fact File index page 1 page 2 Fascinating Facts ... Views of Antarctica Cold and survival: Humans Hypothermia Food Food 2 ... Penguins Climate data: Comparisons Casey and Mawson South Pole, McMurdo and Vostok Science Ozone hole Global warming "Hypo" means under , (hence a hypodermic syringe delivers liquid under the dermis - the skin). Normal human core body temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), clinically hypothermia occurs when the core temperature falls below 35°C (95°F) If someone is exposed to cold and inadequately protected, their body will first try to generate more heat through shivering to maintain a normal temperature. If the body can't stay warm by these means, it will start trying to decrease heat loss by decreasing blood flow to the extremities to minimize cooling. Finally, if the loss of heat carries on despite these measures, the body will slow its metabolism to minimize its need for fresh blood flow and oxygen supply. If it is inevitable, then the sooner the body reaches the final step, the better chance of survival so that the organs won't become starved of oxygen. For example, a core temperature of 20°C (68°F) requires only 20% of the oxygen required at normal body temperature of 37°C (98.6°F).

78. Care Plan (_) Asses for possible etiology of hypothermia. (_) Keep room temperature between 7074 F. (_) Aply extra blankets. (_) Use warming blanket per physician s http://www.rncentral.com/careplans/plans/hypot.html

Hypothermia (_)Actual (_) Potential Related To: [Check those that apply] (_) CNS pathology (_) Decreased ability to shiver (_) Exposure to the cold (_) Impaired physical environment (_) Other:_ As evidenced by: [Check those that apply] Major: Must be present (_) Reduction in body temperature below 35 C (95 F) orally, or 35.5 C (96 F) rectally. (_) Cool skin (_) Moderate pallor (_) Shivering (mild) Minor: May be present (_) Mental confusion/drowsiness/restlessness (_) Decreased pulse and respirations (_) Cachexia/malnutrition Sign. Plan and Outcome [Check those that apply] Target Date: Nursing Interventions [Check those that apply] Date Achieved: The patient will: (_) Maintain normal body temperature. Other: (_) Asses for possible etiology of hypothermia. (_) Keep room temperature between 70-74 F. (_) Aply extra blankets. (_) Use warming blanket per physician's order to maintain normal body temperature.

79. MCofS; Hypothermia Information Page Information on the dangers of hypothermia for those walking or climbing in the mountains. http://www.mountaineering-scotland.org.uk/leaflets/hypotherm.html

The Mountaineering Council of Scotland Information Sheet Freezing to Death A report from a Conference on Hypothermia held at Glenmore Lodge in 1997 and supported by the Scottish Mountain Safety Forum, Boots Across Scotland and SMT. Recent tragedies in the Scottish hills have again highlighted the dangers of low body temperature, or "hypothermia" (from the Greek hypo, under; themre, heat). Humans work best at a body temperature of around 37 degrees Celsius (96F), which allows the chemical reactions that keep us alive to run smoothly. Left alone, our body temperature will approach the temperature of the surroundings. In Scotland, this usually means we will cool down! We can modify this process in different ways such as exercising to produce heat or wearing clothing and using shelter to reduce heat loss. Digesting food also produces some heat and food is essential as fuel for muscular exercise. The two most common causes of hypothermia on the hill are exhaustion and injury. Walkers with inadequate food, clothing and shelter will not be able to sustain the level of physical work to replace the heat they are losing. Injury leads to immobility and a similar inability to generate heat – just think how you cool, off when you stop for your 'piece'. As the body cools, various signs and symptoms will arise. Shivering is a form of muscular exercise and is the body's attempt to generate heat. As muscles cool down they become stiffer and coordination is affected so that slipping and stumbling become more common (incidentally allowing more cooling through contact with wet ground or snow and increasing the chance of injury). Coupled with this is a slowing of mental processes so that intellectual tasks (such as navigation!) become more difficult and judgement is affected. Increased urine production leads to relative dehydration.

80. Hypothermia Picture. Picture, Picture, Picture. Picture Picture Picture. Picture. SOURCES AND CREDITS Picture. http://www.billingsgazette.com/krt/winter/freezing/freezing.htm

SOURCES AND CREDITS SOURCES AND CREDITS

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