81. Pediatric Urology--Conditions--Hypospadias hypospadias is a fairly common congenital condition that develops in baby In hypospadias, this opening forms somewhere along the underside of the penis. http://www.stronghealth.com/services/urology/pediatricurology/pedshypospadias.cf

@import "/css/Strongw3c.css"; Search: Search Help Urology Our Team Home Urological Conditions Home Adrenal Bladder Erectile Dysfunction ... Urethra Pediatric Urology Home Ambiguous Genitalia Bladder Hernias ... Urinary Tract Urologic Oncology Home Home Clinical Trials Prevention Home Appointments Home Fellowship Home Residency Home Program Hospitals Conferences ... About Rochester More Information Urology News Urology Clinical Trials Urology Pediatric Urology Hypospadias Hypospadias is a fairly common congenital condition that develops in baby boys. As the penis is developing in utero, the urethra usually forms an opening near the head of the penis. In hypospadias, this opening forms somewhere along the underside of the penis. This condition is not typically indicative of any other problem or birth defect, and can be corrected through surgery.

82. Medindia.net - Paediatrics Urology - Hypospadias Medindia provides a very interesting Paediatric section for doctors. http://www.medindia.net/patients/paediatrics/Hypospadias.asp

Bookmark This Page About Us Contact Us Feedback ... Log In September 9, 2005 Home Directories Professionals Consumer Health ... My Health Record Search Web Medindia.com Medindia Advanced Search P owered By G o o g l e Medindia Paediatrics Paediatric Urology Hypospadias Paediatric Urology Paediatric Calculators APGAR Development Milestone Adult Height Potential Immunisation ... Ideal Baby Weight Paediatric Patient Info Acne Asthma Bed wetting Phimosis ... Click Here ! Hypospadias How is hypospadias detected? What are the consequences of Hypospadias? What is the right time to correct hypospadias? What does the operation involve? What are the ... Key Points Little baby boys pass urine like a fountain. Small lads can stand and pass urine straight with an ability to point the stream where they want, like a fire-man’s hose. This is possible because the urine comes out of the opening at the tip of the penis. In boys with hypospadias, the opening is located on the under surface of penis. Because of this the urine is deviated downwards towards their feet. The picture shows normal arrangement and hypospadias

83. Our Stolen Future: Hypospadias Associated With Maternal Vegetarian Diet North, K, J Golding and the ALSPAC Study Team. 2000. A maternal vegetarian dietin pregnancy is associated with hypospadias. BJU International 85107113. http://www.ourstolenfuture.org/NewScience/reproduction/hypospadias/2000northgold

Navigate the site Newest developments Book Basics New Science Consensus Statements Commentary Myths vs. Reality Useful links Important Events Other Sources Other Languages About the Authors North, K, J Golding and the ALSPAC Study Team. 2000. A maternal vegetarian diet in pregnancy is associated with hypospadias . BJU International 85:107-113. This paper establishes a statistically significant association between maternal diet and subsequent hypospadias in boys born to vegetarian mothers. Hypospadias is a structural defect in the penis that has been increasing in frequency in several countries over the past 20 years, including the United States [ More... An important aspect of this study is that it was prospective. Mothers were interviewed during pregnancy and thus the study avoids the problem of biased recall. The study examined 7928 boys, of whom 51 had hypospadias. Of vegetarian mothers, 2.2% gave birth to a boy with hypospadias, compared to 0.6% of mothers who were omnivores. The adjusted odds ratio of hypospadias for vegetarian mothers was 4.99 (with 95% confidence intervals from 2.10-11.88).

84. Chordee Or Hypospadias? Patient medical question and doctor answer from The Urology Forum. Health topicarea and articles about pediatric urology Topics hypospadias/chordee, http://www.medhelp.org/forums/urology/archive/4712.html

Questions in the Urology Forum have been answered by Dr. Kevin Pho, (who is board certified in Internal Medicine) and by urologists from Henry Ford Health System. Forum: The Urology Forum Topic: Pediatric Urology Subject: Chordee or hypospadias? Posted by Juliana on June 09, 1999 at 18:01:30 Posted by HFHS M.D.-BE on June 18, 1999 at 10:44:50 Dear Juliana, Hypospadias is a condition of varying severity in which the opening of the urethra ( the urethral meatus) is not at the tip of the penis, where it usually is, but instead is variably located along the head and shaft below, on the bottom of the penis. Not infrequently, chordee is also present along with hypospadias. This is a band of fibrous tissue which connects the tip of the penis to the frenulum in the bottom, thereby, causing a bowing/ bending of the penile tip which is a characteristic appearance of the chordee. The two conditions may also be present independently. As far as two openings at the tip of the penis is a separate entity referred to as urethral duplication. The two openings may be one on top of the other, or side by side, the former being the more common one. There are different types of urethral duplication in terms of their internal anatomy varing from both openings being functional and connected to the bladder, to one being only a “blind pit” or just an impression of an opening. In any case this requires close and careful examination. Given your history of encounters as you described above, you may seek another urologist’s opinion to settle the controversy, since without an examination, I could not make a definitive statement.

85. Hypospadias And Epispadias hypospadias and epispadias are congenital defects of the urinary tract. Surgery is the treatment of choice for both hypospadias and epispadias. http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/hypospadias_and_epispadias.jsp

86. Treatment Of Hypospadias In Children, Mayo Clinic In Rochester, Minn. Mayo Clinic offers experienced surgical treatment of hypospadias in children. http://www.mayoclinic.org/peds-hypospadias-rst/

Home About Mayo Clinic Jobs Contact Us Mayo Clinic Locations: Arizona Florida Minnesota Mayo Clinic ... Medical Services Hypospadias Hypospadias Treatment Symptoms Appointments Clinical Trials ... Medical Services Treatment of Hypospadias in Children at Mayo Clinic in Rochester Hypospadias is characterized by an abnormal position of the opening of the penis that occurs in 3 in 1,000 newborn boys. It is also associated with abnormal bending of the penis. Hypospadias may vary in severity from mild cases characterized by the opening of the urethra near the tip of the penis on the glans to more severe cases where the opening of the urethra is located on the midshaft or near the base of the penis. Hypospadias is a congenital defect (present at birth). Mayo Clinic pediatric urologists have extensive experience with surgery to correct hypospadias and perform these operations weekly. Treatment Options The best treatment option for hypospadias is penile surgery, which should be performed around 1 year of age. Success rates with most operations range between 80 and 90 percent. Mayo Clinic pediatric urologists advise that a boy be seen by a specialist shortly after birth to discuss the timing of surgery, types of operations and any other questions parents may have. Boys with hypospadias should not be circumcised, so the foreskin can be preserved for use in later surgical repair. Standard surgical techniques produce excellent cosmetic and functional results and should not interfere with sexual function or fertility. Most hypospadias surgery can be done on an outpatient basis (no overnight stay). It may be warranted that the patient stay in the Rochester area for 5 to 6 days after surgery for follow-up care.

87. CDC Media Relations: Hypospadias Trends In Two US Surveillance Systems, New Rele Therefore, almost one per 100 males are born with hypospadias. The cause of theincrease in hypospadias is not known. Original suspicions were that the http://www.cdc.gov/od/oc/media/pressrel/hypospad.htm

Media Home Contact Us Site Contents Contact Us Press Releases Transcripts MMWR Summaries ... News Photos Related Links Centers at CDC Data and Statistics Health Topics A-Z Image Library ... National Health Observances Div. of Media Relations 1600 Clifton Road MS D-25 Atlanta, GA 30333 Fax (404) 639-7394 Contact: CDC Press Office Backgrounder: Hypospadias Trends in Two US Surveillance Systems The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center for Environmental Health recently published an article in the journal Pediatrics entitled, "Hypospadias Trends in Two US Surveillance Systems." The article focuses on data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program and a national birth defects monitoring system. The data show that rates of the male genital birth defect known as hypospadias (malplacement of the urinary outlet of the penis) have increased markedly over the past 25 to 30 years. This is the first report of an increase in the birth prevalence of hypospadias outside of Europe. Rates increased almost twofold in metropolitan Atlanta from 1968 to 1993, from around 18 per 10,000 births to approximately 40 per 10,000 births. Similarly, rates increased almost twofold in a national birth defects surveillance system based on hospital discharge data between 1970 and 1993. Given that rates are about 40 per 10,000

88. Evaluation Of An Association Between Loratadine And Hypospadias --- United State hypospadias is classified in order of increasing severity as first, second, In addition, no association between loratadine use and hypospadias was http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5310a5.htm

Evaluation of an Association Between Loratadine and Hypospadias - United States, 19972001 Hypospadias is a birth defect that affects approximately seven in 1,000 male infants in the United States. In affected infants, the urethral opening is located along the underside of the penis, scrotum, or perineum; the condition usually is corrected by surgery. Hypospadias is classified in order of increasing severity as first, second, or third degree. In 2002, a study in Sweden noted that among male infants born to women who while pregnant had taken loratadine (Claritin ), a nonsedating antihistamine commonly used for seasonal allergies, hypospadias prevalence was twice that of the general population ( ). However, insufficient data were available to determine the severity of the hypospadias cases, and the study did not control for confounding variables (e.g., family history of hypospadias or maternal age). In 2003, a prospective study using data from four countries indicated that five of 142 pregnancies in women exposed to loratadine resulted in infants with major malformations, a prevalence consistent with that of the general population; none had hypospadias ( ). To further assess any potential association between loratadine and hypospadias, CDC analyzed data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS). This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which determined that no increased risk for second- or third-degree hypospadias existed among women who used loratadine in early pregnancy (

89. Hypospadias Repair underside of the penis instead of on the tip is called a hypospadias.hypospadias may be a mild defect (with the urethral opening slightly out of place, http://www.circlist.com/anatterms/hypospadias.html

Hypospadias Repair Definition: Surgery to repair a birth defect of the male urination tube (urethra). The normal male urethral opening is at the tip or end of the penis. A defect in which the urethral opening is on the underside of the penis instead of on the tip is called a hypospadias. Hypospadias may be a mild defect (with the urethral opening slightly out of place, near the tip of the penis) or severe (with the urethral opening farther up the shaft of the penis). Hypospadias frequently includes a shortening or bending under of the penis. Description: Surgical repair of hypospadias is done using general anesthesia (i.e., you are asleep.) The type of repair depends on the severity of the defect. Mild defects may be repaired in a single procedure, while severe defects may require two or more procedures. The males circumcised foreskin is used to create a tube to extend the urethral length to allow placement of the urethral opening at the tip of the penis. Circumcision should NOT be performed at birth on infants with hypospaidas so that the foreskin can be used for the repair. Hypospadias repair kills two birds with one stone - getting rid of the hypospadias and properly circumcising the male.

90. BBC - Health - Ask The Doctor - Hypospadias Dr Trisha Macnair looks at this condition that affects one in 300 boys at birth. http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/ask_the_doctor/hypospadias.shtml

@import url('/includes/tbenh.css') ; Home TV Radio Talk ... A-Z Index FRIDAY 9th September 2005 Text only BBC Homepage Lifestyle Health ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! Hypospadias My friend say he has hypospadias. Please can you tell me what this is and, most important of all, whether his life at risk? I'm asking you because he didn't tell me anything about it and I'm concerned for him; I don't want to ask him in case he gets upset. David Dr Trisha Macnair responds Hypospadias is an abnormality of the penis, which affects about one in 300 boys at birth. In this condition, the opening of urethra (the tube that carries urine and semen out of the body) is on the underside of the penis instead of at the end. The urethral opening may still be on the glans, or head of the penis, or it may be further down the shaft. In some men with hypospadias, there's another abnormality called chordee. In this condition, the penis curves downwards and the foreskin only covers the front of the penis. In the most severe forms of hypospadias the urethral opening is so far back it's almost in the scrotum. The scrotum itself may be small and the testes may not have descended (that is, they're still deep in the abdomen). When babies are born like this it can be difficult to work out which sex they are without further tests. Not life-threatening Hypospadias isn't a life-threatening. It's a structural abnormality that doesn't progress and doesn't put the man at risk of any other serious illness. However, as with any abnormalities of the urinary system, there may be an increased risk of urinary infection in more severe cases.

91. Hypospadias Survey Results hypospadias, survey, demographics, sexuality, surgery, satisfaction. http://www.heainfo.org/Survey/page1.html

Hypospadias Survey Results Section 1: Demographics  Section 2: Surgery Section 3: Satisfaction Section 4: Sexuality AGE: Demographic and sexual information was obtained from 119 men with hypospadias and 791 men from the general internet population (control group) using an internet survey. Although the control group survey was not targeted toward men with hypospadias, approximately 1% of the control group have hypospadias. However, this percentage should not alter overall results.  As shown in the figure below, the control group is significantly younger than the hypospadias group. The approximate average age of the hypospadias group is 39 whereas the average age of the control group is 30. This difference is not expected to have an effect on all the comparisons between the two groups, but may affect some CONDITION AT BIRTH: Men with hypospadias (n=118) indicated the location of their urethral opening at birth . As shown in the graph below, 37% of men had an opening between scrotum and mid-shaft. RELATIVES: Men with hypospadias (n=110) indicated whether they are aware of any relatives with hypospadias. Although the vast majority either do not have or are not aware of relatives with hypospadias, a surprising 18% of respondents have a close relative with hypospadias. Using the new CDC incidence rate of 80/10,000, one would predict that only 5-6% of men in the general population have an immediate relative with hypospadias. Therefore, it does seem that guys with hypospadias have immediate family members with hypospadias at a rate

92. 2001 Hypospadias Survey Results Data were compiled to compare subgroups of men with hypospadias to each other and to Results may not reflect the condition of all men with hypospadias; http://www.heainfo.org/Survey2001/results.html

2001 Survey results A note about the survey This was a six-part survey conducted via the internet during the months of July and August 2001. A preliminary web page sorted respondents into six groups, depending on severity of condition (at birth) and whether or not repair surgery was attempted. Respondents were then asked a series of questions about themselves and their physical and mental states. Data were compiled to compare subgroups of men with hypospadias to each other and to a control group (men without hypospadias). Please note that responses from men with moderate and severe hypospadias were combined for many data comparisons, due to small sample sizes. Some comparisons were made to a control group which consisted of men from the general internet population (average age, 28 years) who do not have hypospadias. Results may not reflect the condition of all men with hypospadias; instead the results reflect men with hypospadias who have joined the Hypospadias Association of America internet forum. Survey participants were chosen by self-selection. Contents: Who participated in the survey?

93. FIRSTConsult - Sdfdsf FIRSTConsult, hypospadias (Medical Condition File). Published for medical studentsand primary healthcare providers by Elsevier. http://www.firstconsult.com/?action=view_article&id=1016502&type=101&bref=1

94. FIRSTConsult - Sdfdsf FIRSTConsult, hypospadias (Patient Education File). Published for medical studentsand primary healthcare providers by Elsevier. http://www.firstconsult.com/?action=view_article&id=1037414&type=103&bref=1

95. ESynopsis Of Hypospadias Of The Penis eSynopsis of hypospadias of Penis From the Electonic Synopsis of Pathology, theUniversity of Connecticut School of Medicine, Department of Pathology. http://esynopsis.uchc.edu/S302.htm

Prev GU Menu PathWeb Home Feed Back ... Next Hypospadias Etiology Developmental abnormality. There is some evidence for genetic influences; sibling of a child with hypospadias has an increased (14%) chance of having hypospadias. Pathogenesis Developmental malformation of the urethral groove and formation of the urethral canal., Epidemiology Hypospadias is one of the more common congenital malformations, occuring in the United States at a frequency of 28.23 per 10,000 total births. General Gross Description Hypospadias is the abnormal location of the urethral meatus ventral to the normal glanular tip. The urethral meatus may open on the ventral surface of the penis, at the base of the penis or the perineum. General Microscopic Description No specific microscopic features. Hypospadias is a gross anatomic abnormality. Clinical Correlation Usually does not need surgical correction. References Cotran RS, Kumar V, Robbins SL: Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease. 5th ed. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1994, pp. 440 and 1007. Neonatology, 4th edition, Avery et al. (eds), New York: Lippincott, 1994. pp. 905-906.

96. Hypospadias In The Dog hypospadias is a congenital anomaly of the external genitalia, in which there isfusion Perineal hypospadias. Observe underdevelopment of the penis, http://www.priory.com/vet/hypospadias.htm

Perineal hypospadias in a dog. Case report Address correspondence to Dr. Sheila C. Rahal Case Report An eight-month-old, crossbreed dog, weighing 9 kg, was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital with congenital abnormalities of the urogenital tract. It was the only animal of the litter with deformity. On physical examination, underdevelopment of the penis, fusion failure of the urethra, prepuce and scrotum (Figure 1a), and an external urethral orifice located in the perineum about 1.2 cm below the anus (Figure 1b), were observed. Testicles could be palpated in the scrotal area. A groove covered by mucosa extended cranially from the cleft scrotum to the glans penis area. The dog did not display dysuria or urinary incontinence, but he squatted to urinate. Alteration of the urinary bladder shape with dilatation of its neck and presence of ventral diverticulum were observed on ultrasonographic examination (Figure 2a) and retrograde cystourethrography (Figure 2b). Chromosome analysis was performed. Peripheral blood samples and tissue were cultured as described (1, 2). Sixty cells were cytogenetically analyzed and the chromosomes were identified and classified according to Mellink and Bosma (1989) (3). Normal karyotype (78, XY) was found in all mitotic metaphases cells analyzed by Giemsa staining (Figure 3). The diagnosis was perineal hypospadias.

97. Beverly Hills, California - Dr. Gary Alter, Board Certified Plastic Surgeon, Boa Beverly Hills, California Dr. Alter specializes in hypospadias surgery. hypospadias is associated with downward curvature of the penis on erection, http://www.altermd.com/Penis and Scrotal Surgery/hypospadias.htm

Female Genital Surgery Penis/Scrotal Surgery Transsexual Surgery Penis Enhancement ... Cosmetic Surgery C ALIFORNIA 416 North Bedford Drive Suite 400 Beverly Hills, CA 90210 t) f) 310.271.0521 altermd@earthlink.net NEW YORK 461 Park Avenue South 7th Floor Suite New York, NY 10016 t) 310.275.5566 f) 310.271.0521 altermd@earthlink.net Hypospadias The urinary opening (urethral meatus) is located on the underside of the penis instead of at the tip. The meatus can be positioned anywhere from just under the tip of the penis to below the testicle sack (scrotum), so the severity of this abnormality varies. Hypospadias is associated with downward curvature of the penis on erection, which also varies depending on the location of the meatus. Multiple techniques are used to correct hypospadias, depending on the severity of the abnormality and the preference of the surgeon. Most hypospadias procedures are successful, resulting in a normal appearing and functioning penis. REPAIR OF THE HYPOSPADIAS FAILURE: Complications are possible with any operation, including hypospadias. The repair of patients who have had multiple previous failed hypospadias operations requires even greater expertise. Skin grafts and staged operations are often necessary. A team approach by experienced surgeons helps to achieve a successful result. With severe deformities, the staged split -thickness-skin graft urethroplasty repair is very successful. (See my published article in the Journal of Urology in January 1995, Volume 155, page 131).

98. Hypospadias Repair hypospadias repair is surgery to correct a birth defect in boys called hypospadias.This is a condition in which the urethra does not properly exit the http://www.pennhealth.com/ency/article/003000.htm

Appointments Medical Services Health Information Find a Doctor Search: Search Encyclopedia: List of Topics Print This Page  Pediatric Surgery Hypospadias repair Hypospadius Definition: Hypospadias repair is surgery to correct a birth defect in boys called hypospadias. This is a condition in which the urethra does not properly exit the penis at the tip. Hypospadias can be a mild defect with the urethral opening slightly out of place, near the tip of the penis or a severe one with the urethral opening closer to the scrotum. Hypospadias is also frequently associated with a shortening or downward bending of the penis and malformation of the foreskin. Description: Surgical repair of hypospadias is done while the child is unconscious and pain-free under general anesthesia. The type of repair depends on the severity of the defect. Mild defects may be repaired in a single procedure, while severe defects may require 2 or more procedures. A small piece of foreskin or tissue from another site can be used to create a tube to extend the urethral length to allow placement of the urethral opening at the tip of the penis. Circumcision should NOT be performed at birth in boys with hypospadias so that the foreskin can later be used for the repair.

99. Glossary: Hypospadias GreenFacts Glossary delivers clear and accessible definitions for terms used,aiming to a better understanding of the relevant concepts from the the http://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/ghi/hypospadias.htm

alert("script not found"); About this Glossary Back Print Forward ... WXYZ Hypospadias Definition: A malformation where the opening is on the underside of the penis instead of the end. Source: GreenFacts ABC DEF GHI JKL ... Top 15-Nov-2004 Ecosystem Tobacco Climate Change Aspartame Air Pollution Dioxins Endocrine Disruptors Power Lines Boron Water Disinfectants Arsenic Fluorides Mercury

100. Penis Defect: Hypospadias Information! Advice, help and hypospadias information about this penile defect in men . http://www.mens-sexual-health.org/hypospadias.html

Resource references Impotence Discussion board Penis venous leakage Penile inflammation Premature ejaculation ... Aetna's Harvard medical school Men's Sexual Health Center Advice, Help And Important Hypospadias Information And Facts! "Penis Defect: Hypospadias" Hypospadias is a relatively common penile defect that looks like it would be horrible to have permanently. Basically, the urethra opening for urination is mislocated on the underside of the shaft, rather than at the top of the penis. This misplacement may often be coordinated with a distinct bend in the penis that is especially pronounced during erection. Now, more than 75% of penises curve a bit in some direction, but this is more distinct (like Peyronie's Disease). Since these two defects may make urination and sexual intercourse difficult later in life, surgery is usually prescribed. Fortunately, almost all cases can be treated successfully. The operation lasts from two to four hours, and is almost always performed on an infant ages 8-12 months (although there are no physical complications for performing the surgery later in life). Video we recommend!

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